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医療科学 - 医学に関連する一般的な名詞

ここでは、"手順"、"投与量"、"麻酔"など、医学に関連する一般的な英語の名詞を学びます。

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Words Related to Medical Science
health
[名詞]

the general condition of a person's mind or body

健康, 体調

健康, 体調

Ex: He decided to take a break from work to focus on his health and well-being .彼は仕事から休憩を取って、自分の**健康**と幸福に集中することに決めました。

a commitment by physicians to ethical principles in medical practice

ヒポクラテスの誓い, ヒポクラティック・オース

ヒポクラテスの誓い, ヒポクラティック・オース

Ex: As a medical practitioner , I strive to uphold the ideals of the Hippocratic Oath in my practice .
internship
[名詞]

a period of time spent working for free or little pay in order to gain experience or to become qualified in a particular field

インターンシップ

インターンシップ

nursing
[名詞]

a field of study and profession focused on providing medical care, support, and advocacy for patients in various healthcare settings

看護, 看護ケア

看護, 看護ケア

Ex: Nursing is a rewarding profession that demands dedication and patience .**看護**は、献身と忍耐を要求するやりがいのある職業です。
practice
[名詞]

the professional work or business of a doctor, lawyer, dentist, or other experts providing services to clients or patients

診療所, 練習

診療所, 練習

Ex: After graduating from medical school , he joined a well-established practice with experienced physicians .
prescription
[名詞]

the written instructions of a doctor that allow the patient to get the medicines needed

処方箋

処方箋

Ex: The prescription clearly states the dosage and frequency .

‌medical and hospital services provided or paid for by the government for all the people in a community, nation, or district

社会化された医療, 公的医療制度

社会化された医療, 公的医療制度

triage
[名詞]

the sorting of the sick or injured according to their need for emergency medical attention

トリアージ, 患者の選別

トリアージ, 患者の選別

the act of advising and authorizing the use of a medicine or treatment

管理, 運営

管理, 運営

Ex: The administration of first aid saved the hiker 's life .
cure
[名詞]

a treatment or medication for a certain disease or injury

治療法, 薬

治療法, 薬

Ex: Unfortunately , there is no quick cure for this illness .残念ながら、この病気の迅速な**治療法**はありません。
drug
[名詞]

any substance that is used for medicinal purposes

薬,  医薬品

薬, 医薬品

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry continually researches and develops new drugs to address emerging health challenges and improve patient outcomes .製薬業界は、新たに出現する健康上の課題に対処し、患者の転帰を改善するために、新しい**薬**を継続的に研究・開発しています。
medicament
[名詞]

a substance used for medical treatment or therapy to alleviate, cure, or prevent illness

薬

Ex: I rely on a medicament to manage my chronic condition .私は慢性疾患を管理するために**薬剤**に頼っています。
remedy
[名詞]

a treatment or medicine for a disease or to reduce pain that is not severe

治療法

治療法

Ex: The herbalist suggested a remedy made from chamomile and lavender to promote relaxation and sleep .ハーバリストは、リラックスと睡眠を促進するためにカモミールとラベンダーから作られた**治療法**を提案しました。
operation
[名詞]

a medical process in which a part of body is cut open to repair or remove a damaged organ

手術

手術

Ex: Prior to the operation, the medical staff conducted several tests to assess the patient ’s overall health .**手術**の前に、医療スタッフは患者の全体的な健康状態を評価するためにいくつかの検査を行いました。
diagnosis
[名詞]

the identification of the nature and cause of an illness or other problem

診断

診断

Ex: Accurate diagnosis requires a thorough examination and multiple tests .正確な**診断**には徹底的な検査と複数のテストが必要です。

a reason to avoid a specific medical treatment due to potential risks for the patient

禁忌

禁忌

Ex: The pharmacist highlighted contraindications on the medication label .薬剤師は薬のラベルに**禁忌**を強調しました。
dosage
[名詞]

a prescribed amount of medicine that is taken regularly

投与量, 用量

投与量, 用量

Ex: The pharmacist provided instructions on the correct dosage for the new prescription .薬剤師は新しい処方箋の正しい**投与量**について説明しました。
injection
[名詞]

the action of putting a drug into a person's body using a syringe

注射,  接種

注射, 接種

Ex: The athlete received a pain-relieving injection before the game to manage a recurring injury .その選手は、繰り返し起こる怪我を管理するために試合前に痛みを和らげる**注射**を受けました。
side effect
[名詞]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

副作用

副作用

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the unpleasant side effects that interfered with her daily activities .鎮痛剤は彼女の頭痛に良く効いたが、日常生活に支障をきたす不快な**副作用**のために服用をやめることにした。

the well-being of a person's mind

メンタルヘルス, 精神の健康

メンタルヘルス, 精神の健康

Ex: He attended therapy sessions to address his mental health concerns and improve his well-being .彼は**メンタルヘルス**の懸念に対処し、幸福感を向上させるためにセラピーセッションに参加しました。
aftereffect
[名詞]

an unexpected and mostly unpleasant effect of taking a drug, undergoing a medical treatment or procedure, etc.

副作用, 後遺症

副作用, 後遺症

medication
[名詞]

something that we take to prevent or treat a disease, or to feel less pain

薬, 治療

薬, 治療

Ex: You should n't drink alcohol while on this medication.この**薬**を服用している間はアルコールを飲むべきではありません。
doctor
[名詞]

someone who has studied medicine and treats sick or injured people

医者, 博士

医者, 博士

Ex: We have an appointment with the doctor tomorrow morning for a check-up .明日の朝、**医者**との診察の予約があります。
rejection
[名詞]

(medicine) the body's immune response against a transplanted organ or tissue, leading to an attempt to destroy or remove the foreign graft

拒絶

拒絶

Ex: Rejection can occur when the immune system sees the transplant as foreign .**拒絶反応**は、免疫システムが移植片を異物と見なしたときに発生する可能性があります。
donor
[名詞]

(medicine) someone who provides biological materials for transplantation or medical procedures

ドナー, 提供者

ドナー, 提供者

Ex: My neighbor became a plasma donor to aid in medical treatments .私の隣人は医療治療を助けるためにプラズマの**提供者**になりました。
procedure
[名詞]

an operation performed by medical professionals to diagnose, treat, etc. a medical condition or injury

手順,  介入

手順, 介入

Ex: The hospital's operating room is equipped with advanced technology to facilitate complex surgical procedures.病院の手術室は、複雑な外科的**処置**を容易にするために高度な技術を備えています。
admission
[名詞]

a person who is allowed to use a medical facility

入院, 患者

入院, 患者

ambulance
[名詞]

‌a vehicle specially equipped to take sick or injured people to a hospital

救急車, 緊急車両

救急車, 緊急車両

Ex: The ambulance pulled up in front of the hospital , and the paramedics quickly unloaded the patient .**救急車**が病院の前に到着し、救急隊員が迅速に患者を降ろした。

the fact of being placed in a hospital for medical treatment

入院, 入院期間

入院, 入院期間

Ex: The hospital provided excellent care during her hospitalization, ensuring she received round-the-clock attention .病院は彼女の**入院**期間中に優れたケアを提供し、24時間体制での注意を確保しました。
inpatient
[名詞]

a patient who stays in the hospital while they receive treatment

入院患者, 入院中の患者

入院患者, 入院中の患者

Ex: They scheduled regular check-ups for the inpatient to track progress and adjust treatment .彼らは入院患者の経過を追跡し、治療を調整するために定期的な検査をスケジュールしました。
anesthesia
[名詞]

the condition of losing one's sensation or awareness during surgery and other procedures, particularly by use of special drugs

麻酔

麻酔

Ex: Anesthesia made the lengthy procedure comfortable and pain-free for the patient.**麻酔**により、長い手順が患者にとって快適で痛みのないものになりました。
surgery
[名詞]

a medical practice that involves cutting open a body part in order to repair, remove, etc. an organ

手術

手術

Ex: They scheduled the surgery for next week , following all necessary pre-operative tests .彼らは、必要なすべての術前検査を行った後、来週**手術**を予定しました。

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

臨床試験, 治験

臨床試験, 治験

Ex: The clinical trial showed promising outcomes , with a significant improvement in patient recovery rates .**臨床試験**は、患者の回復率に著しい改善が見られ、有望な結果を示しました。

permission given by a patient to receive a particular treatment, informed of all the possible consequences and risks

インフォームド・コンセント, 説明を受けた上での同意

インフォームド・コンセント, 説明を受けた上での同意

Ex: Informed consent is a fundamental principle in medical ethics , ensuring patients have sufficient information to make informed decisions about their healthcare .**インフォームド・コンセント**は医療倫理の基本原則であり、患者が自分の医療について十分な情報を得て、情報に基づいた決定を下せるようにするものです。
infusion
[名詞]

a method of administering a drug or other substance by a needle and syringe into the bloodstream

注入,  点滴

注入, 点滴

quarantine
[名詞]

a place or period of separation in which someone or something that is suspicious of carrying a dangerous disease is kept away so that others can be safe

検疫, 隔離

検疫, 隔離

treatment
[名詞]

an action that is done to relieve pain or cure a disease, wound, etc.

治療

治療

Ex: Timely treatment of acute illnesses can prevent complications and facilitate a quicker recovery process .急性疾患の適切な**治療**は、合併症を防ぎ、より速い回復プロセスを促進することができます。
healthcare
[名詞]

the health services and treatments given to people

医療, ヘルスケア

医療, ヘルスケア

Ex: Advances in technology have revolutionized modern healthcare, making treatments more effective and accessible .技術の進歩は現代の**医療**に革命をもたらし、治療をより効果的かつアクセスしやすくしました。
house call
[名詞]

a visit made to a patient or client in their own home by a doctor or other professional

往診, 在宅相談

往診, 在宅相談

malignancy
[名詞]

the presence of cancerous cells with the potential to invade and spread

悪性

悪性

Ex: Malignancy can be challenging, but advancements in treatment offer hope.**悪性**は難しいかもしれませんが、治療の進歩は希望をもたらします。
drip feed
[名詞]

the controlled administration of fluids or medications slowly through a tube directly into a patient's bloodstream

点滴投与, 点滴フィード

点滴投与, 点滴フィード

Ex: The hospital used a drip feed to administer chemotherapy to the cancer patient .病院は、がん患者に化学療法を投与するために**点滴**を使用しました。
aphrodisiac
[名詞]

a substance or agent, such as certain foods, herbs, or drugs, that is believed to enhance or stimulate sexual desire, arousal, or performance

媚薬, 性的興奮剤

媚薬, 性的興奮剤

医療科学
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