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医療科学 - 医学に関連する一般名詞

ここでは「手順」「投与量」「麻酔」など、医療に関する一般英語の名詞を学びます。

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Words Related to Medical Science
health
[名詞]

the general condition of a person's mind or body

健康 (けんこう), ハ健康 (はけんこう)

健康 (けんこう), ハ健康 (はけんこう)

Ex: He decided to take a break from work to focus on health and well-being .

a commitment by physicians to ethical principles in medical practice

ヒポクラテスの誓い, 医師の倫理宣誓

ヒポクラテスの誓い, 医師の倫理宣誓

Ex: As a medical practitioner , I strive to uphold the ideals of Hippocratic Oath in my practice .
internship
[名詞]

a period of time spent working for free or little pay in order to gain experience or to become qualified in a particular field

インターンシップ, 研修

インターンシップ, 研修

nursing
[名詞]

a field of study and profession focused on providing medical care, support, and advocacy for patients in various healthcare settings

看護学, 看護

看護学, 看護

Ex: Nursing is a rewarding profession that demands dedication and patience .
practice
[名詞]

the professional work or business of a doctor, lawyer, dentist, or other experts providing services to clients or patients

診療所 (しんりょうじょ), 事務所 (じむしょ)

診療所 (しんりょうじょ), 事務所 (じむしょ)

Ex: After graduating from medical school , he joined a practice with experienced physicians .
prescription
[名詞]

the written instructions of a doctor that allow the patient to get the medicines needed

処方箋, レシピ

処方箋, レシピ

‌medical and hospital services provided or paid for by the government for all the people in a community, nation, or district

社会化医療, 国民皆保険

社会化医療, 国民皆保険

triage
[名詞]

the sorting of the sick or injured according to their need for emergency medical attention

トリアージ, 優先順位付け

トリアージ, 優先順位付け

the act of advising and authorizing the use of a medicine or treatment

投与, 施薬

投与, 施薬

cure
[名詞]

a treatment or medication for a certain disease or injury

治療法 (ちりょうほう), 治癒 (ちゆ)

治療法 (ちりょうほう), 治癒 (ちゆ)

Ex: Unfortunately , there is no cure for this illness .
drug
[名詞]

any substance that is used for medicinal purposes

薬(くすり), 医薬品(いやくひん)

薬(くすり), 医薬品(いやくひん)

Ex: The pharmaceutical industry continually researches and develops drugs to address emerging health challenges and improve patient outcomes .
medicament
[名詞]

a substance used for medical treatment or therapy to alleviate, cure, or prevent illness

医薬品, 薬剤

医薬品, 薬剤

Ex: I rely on medicament to manage my chronic condition .
remedy
[名詞]

a treatment or medicine for a disease or to reduce pain that is not severe

治療法 (ちりょうほう), 薬 (くすり)

治療法 (ちりょうほう), 薬 (くすり)

Ex: The herbalist suggested remedy made from chamomile and lavender to promote relaxation and sleep .
operation
[名詞]

a medical process in which a part of body is cut open to repair or remove a damaged organ

手術 (しゅじゅつ), オペレーション

手術 (しゅじゅつ), オペレーション

Ex: Prior to operation, the medical staff conducted several tests to assess the patient ’s overall health .
diagnosis
[名詞]

the identification of the nature and cause of an illness or other problem

診断, 診断名

診断, 診断名

Ex: diagnosis requires a thorough examination and multiple tests .

a reason to avoid a specific medical treatment due to potential risks for the patient

禁忌(きんき), 適応外(てきおうがい)

禁忌(きんき), 適応外(てきおうがい)

Ex: The pharmacist contraindications on the medication label .
dosage
[名詞]

a prescribed amount of medicine that is taken regularly

投与量, 用量

投与量, 用量

Ex: The pharmacist provided instructions on the dosage for the new prescription .
injection
[名詞]

the action of putting a drug into a person's body using a syringe

注射(ちゅうしゃ), インジェクション

注射(ちゅうしゃ), インジェクション

Ex: The athlete received a injection before the game to manage a recurring injury .
side effect
[名詞]

a secondary effect of any drug or medicine, usually an undesirable one

副作用(ふくさよう), 後効果(こうこうか)

副作用(ふくさよう), 後効果(こうこうか)

Ex: Although the pain reliever worked well for her headaches , she decided to stop taking it due to the side effects that interfered with her daily activities .

the well-being of a person's mind

メンタルヘルス, 精神的健康

メンタルヘルス, 精神的健康

Ex: He attended therapy sessions to address mental health concerns and improve his well-being .
aftereffect
[名詞]

an unexpected and mostly unpleasant effect of taking a drug, undergoing a medical treatment or procedure, etc.

副作用, 後遺症

副作用, 後遺症

medication
[名詞]

something that we take to prevent or treat a disease, or to feel less pain

薬, メディケーション

薬, メディケーション

Ex: You should n't drink alcohol while on medication.
doctor
[名詞]

someone who has studied medicine and treats sick or injured people

医者, ドクター

医者, ドクター

Ex: We have an appointment with doctor tomorrow morning for a check-up .
rejection
[名詞]

(medicine) the body's immune response against a transplanted organ or tissue, leading to an attempt to destroy or remove the foreign graft

拒絶反応 (きょぜつはんのう), 拒絶 (きょぜつ)

拒絶反応 (きょぜつはんのう), 拒絶 (きょぜつ)

Ex: Rejection can occur when the immune system sees the transplant as foreign .
donor
[名詞]

(medicine) someone who provides biological materials for transplantation or medical procedures

提供者 (ていきょうしゃ), ドナー

提供者 (ていきょうしゃ), ドナー

Ex: My neighbor became a donor to aid in medical treatments .
procedure
[名詞]

an operation performed by medical professionals to diagnose, treat, etc. a medical condition or injury

手術, 処置

手術, 処置

Ex: The hospital's operating room is equipped with advanced technology to facilitate complex surgical procedures.
admission
[名詞]

a person who is allowed to use a medical facility

入院, 受け入れ

入院, 受け入れ

ambulance
[名詞]

‌a vehicle specially equipped to take sick or injured people to a hospital

救急車, アンビュランス

救急車, アンビュランス

Ex: ambulance pulled up in front of the hospital , and the paramedics quickly unloaded the patient .

the fact of being placed in a hospital for medical treatment

入院, 入院治療

入院, 入院治療

Ex: The hospital provided excellent care during hospitalization, ensuring she received round-the-clock attention .
inpatient
[名詞]

a patient who stays in the hospital while they receive treatment

入院患者(にゅういんかんじゃ), 入院者(にゅういんしゃ)

入院患者(にゅういんかんじゃ), 入院者(にゅういんしゃ)

Ex: They scheduled regular check-ups for inpatient to track progress and adjust treatment .
anesthesia
[名詞]

the condition of losing one's sensation or awareness during surgery and other procedures, particularly by use of special drugs

麻酔 (ますい), 全身麻酔 (ぜんしんますい)

麻酔 (ますい), 全身麻酔 (ぜんしんますい)

Ex: Anesthesia made the lengthy procedure comfortable and pain-free for the patient.
surgery
[名詞]

a medical practice that involves cutting open a body part in order to repair, remove, etc. an organ

手術(しゅじゅつ), 外科手術(げかしゅじゅつ)

手術(しゅじゅつ), 外科手術(げかしゅじゅつ)

Ex: They scheduled surgery for next week , following all necessary pre-operative tests .

a controlled scientific experiment in which the effectiveness and safety of a medical treatment is measured by testing it on people

臨床試験, クリニカルトライアル

臨床試験, クリニカルトライアル

Ex: clinical trial showed promising outcomes , with a significant improvement in patient recovery rates .

permission given by a patient to receive a particular treatment, informed of all the possible consequences and risks

インフォームド・コンセント, 説明を受けた同意

インフォームド・コンセント, 説明を受けた同意

Ex: Informed consent is a fundamental principle in medical ethics , ensuring patients have sufficient information to make informed decisions about their healthcare .
infusion
[名詞]

a method of administering a drug or other substance by a needle and syringe into the bloodstream

注入(じゅうにゅう), インフュージョン

注入(じゅうにゅう), インフュージョン

quarantine
[名詞]

a place or period of separation in which someone or something that is suspicious of carrying a dangerous disease is kept away so that others can be safe

隔離(かくり), 検疫(けんえき)

隔離(かくり), 検疫(けんえき)

treatment
[名詞]

an action that is done to relieve pain or cure a disease, wound, etc.

治療, 処置

治療, 処置

Ex: treatment of acute illnesses can prevent complications and facilitate a quicker recovery process .
healthcare
[名詞]

the health services and treatments given to people

ヘルスケア, 医療サービス

ヘルスケア, 医療サービス

Ex: Advances in technology have revolutionized healthcare, making treatments more effective and accessible .
house call
[名詞]

a visit made to a patient or client in their own home by a doctor or other professional

往診(おうしん), 訪問診療(ほうもんしんりょう)

往診(おうしん), 訪問診療(ほうもんしんりょう)

malignancy
[名詞]

the presence of cancerous cells with the potential to invade and spread

悪性腫瘍(あくせいしゅよう), 悪性(あくせい)

悪性腫瘍(あくせいしゅよう), 悪性(あくせい)

Ex: Malignancy can be challenging, but advancements in treatment offer hope.
drip feed
[名詞]

the controlled administration of fluids or medications slowly through a tube directly into a patient's bloodstream

点滴療法 (てんてきりょうほう), 点滴 (てんてき)

点滴療法 (てんてきりょうほう), 点滴 (てんてき)

Ex: The hospital used drip feed to administer chemotherapy to the cancer patient .
aphrodisiac
[名詞]

a substance or agent, such as certain foods, herbs, or drugs, that is believed to enhance or stimulate sexual desire, arousal, or performance

アフロディシアック, 媚薬

アフロディシアック, 媚薬

医療科学
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