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TOEFL のための上級語彙 - 動物界

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「猫科」、「獲物」、「餌食」など、動物界に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
amphibious
[形容詞]

(of animals) capable of surviving both on land and in water

両生類の, 水陸両用の

両生類の, 水陸両用の

Ex: Some amphibious animals , like newts , can breathe through both their skin and lungs .イモリのような一部の**両生類**は、皮膚と肺の両方で呼吸することができます。
canine
[名詞]

a member of the dog family, including domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, and related animals

犬, イヌ科の動物

犬, イヌ科の動物

Ex: Wolves , a wild canine species , exhibit complex social structures and hunting strategies that fascinate wildlife biologists .
feline
[名詞]

any animal in the cat family

猫科の動物, 猫

猫科の動物, 猫

Ex: The zoo exhibited various felines, including cheetahs and leopards .動物園は、チーターやヒョウを含むさまざまな**ネコ科**の動物を展示しました。
whisker
[名詞]

any of the long, stiff hairs that grow on the face of a cat, mouse, etc.

ひげ, 感覚毛

ひげ, 感覚毛

Ex: The squirrel's whiskers brushed against the bark as it climbed the tree.リスが木に登っている時、その**ひげ**が樹皮に触れた。
tusk
[名詞]

each of the curved pointy teeth of some animals such as elephants, boars, etc., especially one that stands out from the closed mouth

牙, きば

牙, きば

Ex: The tusks of the narwhal , often mistaken for unicorn horns , have inspired myths and legends for centuries .ユニコーンの角とよく間違えられるナルワールの**牙**は、何世紀にもわたって神話や伝説の元となってきました。
snout
[名詞]

the long and protruding facial part of an animal which comprises its nose and mouth, especially in a mammal

鼻口部, 鼻

鼻口部, 鼻

fang
[名詞]

a long, pointed tooth found in carnivorous animals, used for biting, gripping, and tearing flesh

牙, 鋭い歯

牙, 鋭い歯

Ex: The wolf 's fangs are essential for hunting and tearing meat .
fauna
[名詞]

the animals of a particular geological period or region

動物相, 動物

動物相, 動物

Ex: Climate change poses a threat to the Arctic fauna, endangering species like polar bears and Arctic foxes .気候変動は北極の**動物相**に脅威をもたらし、ホッキョクグマやホッキョクギツネなどの種を危険にさらしています。
lair
[名詞]

a place where a wild animal lives, hides, or takes refuge

巣穴, 隠れ家

巣穴, 隠れ家

vermin
[名詞]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

害虫, 害獣

害虫, 害獣

Ex: During the medieval times , vermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .中世の間、ノミやシラミなどの**害虫**が蔓延し、しばしば病気を広めました。
game
[名詞]

wild animals or birds that are hunted for food or sport

Ex: Regulations control which game can be hunted and when .
to graze
[動詞]

(of sheep, cows, etc.) to feed on the grass in a field

草をはむ, 放牧する

草をはむ, 放牧する

Ex: The shepherd led the flock to graze on the hillside .羊飼いは群れを丘の斜面で**草を食べさせる**ために導いた。
to hibernate
[動詞]

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

冬眠する, 冬を深い眠りで過ごす

冬眠する, 冬を深い眠りで過ごす

Ex: Ground squirrels hibernate in their burrows, where they enter a state of deep torpor to survive the winter.ジリスの仲間は冬を生き延びるために深い休眠状態に入る巣穴で**冬眠**します。
litter
[名詞]

a group of newly-born mammals from the same mother

子, 産み

子, 産み

predator
[名詞]

any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

捕食者, プレデター

捕食者, プレデター

Ex: Jaguars , with powerful jaws and keen senses , are top predators in the dense rainforests of South America .強力な顎と鋭い感覚を持つ**捕食者**は、南アメリカの密な熱帯雨林におけるトップ捕食者です。
prey
[名詞]

an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal

獲物, 餌

獲物, 餌

Ex: The cheetah 's speed helps it catch fast-moving prey.
bird of prey
[名詞]

a bird, such as an eagle or a hawk, that feeds on animal flesh

猛禽類, 猛禽

猛禽類, 猛禽

chirp
[名詞]

a short sharp sound characteristic of a bird or an insect

さえずり, ちゅんちゅん

さえずり, ちゅんちゅん

crest
[名詞]

a prominent feature exhibited by some birds on their heads, consisting of feathers, fur, or skin

とさか, 冠毛

とさか, 冠毛

Ex: During mating season , the male quetzal grows a particularly vibrant and long crest to attract a mate .繁殖期には、オスのケツァールは特に鮮やかで長い**とさか**を成長させ、配偶者を引き付けます。
fowl
[名詞]

a domesticated bird that is particularly kept for its meat and eggs

家禽, 鳥

家禽, 鳥

Ex: Wild fowl, such as ducks and geese , migrate to warmer climates during winter .**家禽**、例えばアヒルやガチョウは、冬の間に暖かい気候に移動します。
to incubate
[動詞]

to keep an egg in a favorable condition to help it develop until it hatches

孵化する, 温める

孵化する, 温める

Ex: Birds of prey like eagles build large nests where they incubate their eggs and raise their chicks .ワシのような猛禽類は、卵を**孵化させ**、ひなを育てる大きな巣を作ります。
nestling
[名詞]

a bird that is too young to leave the nest built by its parents, especially one that has not yet learned how to fly

ひな鳥, 巣立ち前の鳥

ひな鳥, 巣立ち前の鳥

plumage
[名詞]

the feathers of a bird covering its body

羽毛, 羽

羽毛, 羽

Ex: Ducks molt and regrow their plumage every year .アヒルは毎年羽を抜け替え、**羽衣**を再生します。
talon
[名詞]

a long, sharp nail on the foot of some birds, especially birds of prey

爪,  鉤爪

爪, 鉤爪

sponge
[名詞]

a marine invertebrate with a body full of holes through which water can circulate and nutrients can be absorbed

スポンジ, 海綿動物

スポンジ, 海綿動物

school
[名詞]

a large number of fish or sea mammals that swim together

群れ, 学校

群れ, 学校

Ex: A school of dolphins playfully leapt from the water near the boat .ボートの近くでイルカの**群れ**が戯れながら水面から飛び出した。
clam
[名詞]

an edible marine shellfish living in sand or mud

蛤, アサリ

蛤, アサリ

crustacean
[名詞]

a sea creature with a hard shell and jointed legs such as crabs and lobsters

甲殻類, 甲殻類

甲殻類, 甲殻類

Ex: During our nature hike , we found an interesting crustacean, a small freshwater crayfish , in the stream .自然散策中、私たちは小川で面白い**甲殻類**、小さな淡水ザリガニを見つけました。
arachnid
[名詞]

a class of terrestrial arthropods that breathe air and have four pairs of limbs, such as spiders, scorpions, etc.

クモ形類

クモ形類

tapeworm
[名詞]

a parasitic flatworm that is shaped like a ribbon and lives in the intestines of mammals

条虫, サナダムシ

条虫, サナダムシ

silverfish
[名詞]

a small wingless insect that is silvery and nocturnal, which feeds on paper products or clothing

シミ, 紙魚

シミ, 紙魚

arthropod
[名詞]

an invertebrate animal with a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton, such as a spider, crab, etc.

節足動物, アースロポッド

節足動物, アースロポッド

Ex: Arthropods molt their exoskeletons as they grow larger .**節足動物**は成長するにつれて外骨格を脱ぎます。
centipede
[名詞]

an arthropod with many pairs of legs and a pair of poisonous fangs

ムカデ, ヤスデ

ムカデ, ヤスデ

chrysalis
[名詞]

the stage of the metamorphosis that comes between the larval and adult stages of a moth or butterfly

さなぎ, 蛹

さなぎ, 蛹

cocoon
[名詞]

a silky covering that the larvae of some insects make around themselves during metamorphosis

繭, 絹の覆い

繭, 絹の覆い

larva
[名詞]

a young form of an insect or an animal that has come out of the egg but has not yet developed into an adult

幼虫

幼虫

exoskeleton
[名詞]

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

外骨格, 甲殻

外骨格, 甲殻

Ex: A grasshopper 's exoskeleton allows it to jump long distances .バッタの**外骨格**は、長い距離を跳ぶことを可能にします。
louse
[名詞]

a small parasitic insect that lives and feeds on the body of warm-blooded animals

シラミ, 寄生虫

シラミ, 寄生虫

mollusk
[名詞]

any invertebrate that lives in aquatic or damp habitats and has a soft unsegmented body, often covered with a shell

軟体動物, 貝殻

軟体動物, 貝殻

Ex: Some mollusks, like snails , move slowly using a muscular foot .カタツムリのような一部の**軟体動物**は、筋肉質の足を使ってゆっくりと移動します。
leech
[名詞]

a parasitic or predatory worm of the annelid family that lives in freshwaters and drinks blood by attaching itself to its prey

ヒル, ヒルディン

ヒル, ヒルディン

TOEFL のための上級語彙
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