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TOEFL のための上級語彙 - 動物界

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「猫科」、「獲物」、「餌食」など、動物界に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
amphibious
amphibious
[形容詞]

(of animals) capable of surviving both on land and in water

両生類の, 水陸両用の

両生類の, 水陸両用の

Ex: Amphibious frogs lay their eggs in water but can live on land once they mature. 

両生類のカエルは水中に卵を産みますが、成熟すると陸上で生活することができます。

canine
canine
[名詞]

a member of the dog family, including domestic dogs, wolves, foxes, and related animals

犬, イヌ科の動物

犬, イヌ科の動物

Ex: The German Shepherd, a popular canine breed, is often employed in police work due to its intelligence and loyalty. 

ジャーマンシェパードは、人気のある 犬種 であり、その知性と忠誠心から警察業務でよく使用されます。

feline
feline
[名詞]

any animal in the cat family

猫科の動物, 猫

猫科の動物, 猫

Ex: The feline stretched lazily in the sunbeam coming through the window. 

ネコ科の動物は窓から差し込む陽光でのんびりと伸びをした。

whisker
whisker
[名詞]

any of the long, stiff hairs that grow on the face of a cat, mouse, etc.

ひげ, 感覚毛

ひげ, 感覚毛

Ex: The cat's whiskers twitched as it watched a bird outside the window. 

猫のひげが窓の外の鳥を見ているときにピクッと動いた。

tusk
tusk
[名詞]

each of the curved pointy teeth of some animals such as elephants, boars, etc., especially one that stands out from the closed mouth

牙, きば

牙, きば

Ex: The elephant displayed its majestic tusks, gleaming in the sunlight as it roamed the savanna. 

象は、サバンナを歩き回りながら、太陽の光を浴びて輝く威厳ある牙を見せた。

snout
snout
[名詞]

the long and protruding facial part of an animal which comprises its nose and mouth, especially in a mammal

鼻口部, 鼻

鼻口部, 鼻

fang
fang
[名詞]

a long, pointed tooth found in carnivorous animals, used for biting, gripping, and tearing flesh

牙, 鋭い歯

牙, 鋭い歯

Ex: The lion's sharp fangs help it catch and kill prey. 

ライオンの鋭い牙は獲物を捕らえ、殺すのに役立つ。

fauna
fauna
[名詞]

the animals of a particular geological period or region

動物相, 動物

動物相, 動物

Ex: Exploring the lush forest, we encountered a remarkable fauna of colorful birds, elusive mammals, and vibrant insects. 

緑豊かな森を探索していると、色とりどりの鳥、捉えどころのない哺乳類、そして活気ある昆虫の注目すべき動物相に出会いました。

lair
lair
[名詞]

a place where a wild animal lives, hides, or takes refuge

巣穴, 隠れ家

巣穴, 隠れ家

vermin
vermin
[名詞]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

害虫, 害獣

害虫, 害獣

Ex: After the flood, the basement was infested with vermin such as rats and cockroaches. 

洪水の後、地下室はネズミやゴキブリなどの害虫に侵されていた。

game
game
[名詞]

wild animals or birds that are hunted for food or sport

獲物, 狩猟獣

獲物, 狩猟獣

Ex: They cooked the game they caught over an open fire. 
to graze
to graze
[動詞]

(of sheep, cows, etc.) to feed on the grass in a field

草をはむ, 放牧する

草をはむ, 放牧する

Ex: The sheep were allowed to graze freely in the meadow. 

羊は牧草地で自由に草を食むことを許されていた。

to hibernate
to hibernate
[動詞]

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

冬眠する, 冬を深い眠りで過ごす

冬眠する, 冬を深い眠りで過ごす

Ex: Bears hibernate in caves during the cold winter months to conserve energy. 

クマは寒い冬の間にエネルギーを節約するために洞窟で冬眠します。

litter
litter
[名詞]

a group of newly-born mammals from the same mother

子, 産み

子, 産み

predator
predator
[名詞]

an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals

Ex: The wolf is an efficient predator that hunts in packs. 
prey
prey
[名詞]

an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal

獲物

獲物

Ex: The hawk circled above before diving toward its prey. 
bird of prey
bird of prey
[名詞]

a bird, such as an eagle or a hawk, that feeds on animal flesh

猛禽類, 猛禽

猛禽類, 猛禽

chirp
chirp
[名詞]

a short sharp sound characteristic of a bird or an insect

さえずり, ちゅんちゅん

さえずり, ちゅんちゅん

crest
crest
[名詞]

a prominent feature exhibited by some birds on their heads, consisting of feathers, fur, or skin

とさか, 冠毛

とさか, 冠毛

Ex: The cockatoo flaunted its colorful crest as it paraded around the aviary. 

オウムは、鳥舎の周りを歩き回りながら、そのカラフルな冠羽を誇示しました。

fowl
fowl
[名詞]

a domesticated bird that is particularly kept for its meat and eggs

家禽, 鳥

家禽, 鳥

Ex: The farmyard was bustling with fowl of all shapes and sizes. 

農場の庭は、あらゆる形と大きさの家禽で賑わっていた。

to incubate
to incubate
[動詞]

to keep an egg in a favorable condition to help it develop until it hatches

孵化する, 温める

孵化する, 温める

Ex: The mother hen incubated her eggs in the cozy nest she had made. 

母鶏は自分で作った居心地の良い巣で卵を温めました。

nestling
nestling
[名詞]

a bird that is too young to leave the nest built by its parents, especially one that has not yet learned how to fly

ひな鳥, 巣立ち前の鳥

ひな鳥, 巣立ち前の鳥

Ex: The nestling had not yet developed enough feathers to fly. 
plumage
plumage
[名詞]

the feathers of a bird covering its body

羽毛, 羽

羽毛, 羽

Ex: Male peacocks are known for their vibrant plumage displayed during courtship. 

雄のクジャクは、求愛行動中に披露される鮮やかな羽で知られています。

talon
talon
[名詞]

a long, sharp nail on the foot of some birds, especially birds of prey

爪,  鉤爪

爪, 鉤爪

sponge
sponge
[名詞]

a marine invertebrate with a body full of holes through which water can circulate and nutrients can be absorbed

スポンジ, 海綿動物

スポンジ, 海綿動物

school
school
[名詞]

a large number of fish or sea mammals that swim together

群れ, 学校

群れ, 学校

Ex: The school of sharks moved as one, hunting for prey in the deep sea. 
clam
clam
[名詞]

an edible marine shellfish living in sand or mud

蛤, アサリ

蛤, アサリ

crustacean
crustacean
[名詞]

a sea creature with a hard shell and jointed legs such as crabs and lobsters

甲殻類, 甲殻類

甲殻類, 甲殻類

Ex: During our nature hike, we found an interesting crustacean, a small freshwater crayfish, in the stream. 

自然散策中、私たちは小川で面白い甲殻類、小さな淡水ザリガニを見つけました。

arachnid
arachnid
[名詞]

a class of terrestrial arthropods that breathe air and have four pairs of limbs, such as spiders, scorpions, etc.

クモ形類

クモ形類

tapeworm
tapeworm
[名詞]

a parasitic flatworm that is shaped like a ribbon and lives in the intestines of mammals

条虫, サナダムシ

条虫, サナダムシ

silverfish
silverfish
[名詞]

a small wingless insect that is silvery and nocturnal, which feeds on paper products or clothing

シミ, 紙魚

シミ, 紙魚

arthropod
arthropod
[名詞]

an invertebrate animal with a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton, such as a spider, crab, etc.

節足動物, アースロポッド

節足動物, アースロポッド

Ex: Arthropods like ants and beetles are found in almost every habitat. 

節足動物であるアリや甲虫は、ほとんどすべての生息地で見られます。

centipede
centipede
[名詞]

an arthropod with many pairs of legs and a pair of poisonous fangs

ムカデ, ヤスデ

ムカデ, ヤスデ

chrysalis
chrysalis
[名詞]

the stage of the metamorphosis that comes between the larval and adult stages of a moth or butterfly

さなぎ, 蛹

さなぎ, 蛹

cocoon
cocoon
[名詞]

a silky covering that the larvae of some insects make around themselves during metamorphosis

繭, 絹の覆い

繭, 絹の覆い

larva
larva
[名詞]

a young form of an insect or an animal that has come out of the egg but has not yet developed into an adult

幼虫

幼虫

Ex: The larva fed on leaves before forming a pupa. 
exoskeleton
exoskeleton
[名詞]

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

外骨格, 甲殻

外骨格, 甲殻

Ex: The beetle's exoskeleton was shiny and tough. 

カブトムシの外骨格は光沢があり、丈夫でした。

louse
louse
[名詞]

a small parasitic insect that lives and feeds on the body of warm-blooded animals

シラミ, 寄生虫

シラミ, 寄生虫

mollusk
mollusk
[名詞]

any invertebrate that lives in aquatic or damp habitats and has a soft unsegmented body, often covered with a shell

軟体動物, 貝殻

軟体動物, 貝殻

Ex: The beach was scattered with empty mollusk shells. 

ビーチには空の軟体動物の殻が散らばっていた。

leech
leech
[名詞]

a parasitic or predatory worm of the annelid family that lives in freshwaters and drinks blood by attaching itself to its prey

ヒル, ヒルディン

ヒル, ヒルディン

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