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TOEFL のための上級語彙 - 動物王国

ここでは、TOEFL 試験に必要な「猫」、「獲物」、「獲物」など、動物界に関する英単語を学びます。

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
amphibious
[形容詞]

(of animals) capable of surviving both on land and in water

両生の(りょうせいの), 水陸両生の(すいりくりょうせいの)

両生の(りょうせいの), 水陸両生の(すいりくりょうせいの)

Ex: amphibious animals , like newts , can breathe through both their skin and lungs .
canine
[名詞]

a mammal with claws that can't retract and often has a long snout, and often used for companionship, hunting, or guarding purposes

犬類, 犬(いぬ)

犬類, 犬(いぬ)

Ex: Wolves , a canine species , exhibit complex social structures and hunting strategies that fascinate wildlife biologists .
feline
[名詞]

any animal in the cat family

猫科の動物, ネコ科動物

猫科の動物, ネコ科動物

Ex: The zoo exhibited felines, including cheetahs and leopards .
whisker
[名詞]

any of the long, stiff hairs that grow on the face of a cat, mouse, etc.

ひげ, まゆげ

ひげ, まゆげ

Ex: The squirrel's whiskers brushed against the bark as it climbed the tree.
tusk
[名詞]

each of the curved pointy teeth of some animals such as elephants, boars, etc., especially one that stands out from the closed mouth

牙 (きば), ツノ

牙 (きば), ツノ

Ex: tusks of the narwhal , often mistaken for unicorn horns , have inspired myths and legends for centuries .
snout
[名詞]

the long and protruding facial part of an animal which comprises its nose and mouth, especially in a mammal

鼻先 (はなさき), 口吻 (こうふん)

鼻先 (はなさき), 口吻 (こうふん)

fang
[名詞]

one of the two long and sharp teeth that some animals such as dogs, wolfs, or snakes have

付け爪(つけづめ), 牙(きば)

付け爪(つけづめ), 牙(きば)

Ex: The zookeeper explained that the lionfangs are crucial for hunting and securing a firm grip on its prey .
fauna
[名詞]

the animals of a particular geological period or region

動物相, ファウナ

動物相, ファウナ

Ex: Climate change poses a threat to the fauna, endangering species like polar bears and Arctic foxes .
lair
[名詞]

a place where a wild animal lives, hides, or takes refuge

巣穴(すあな), 隠れ家(かくれが)

巣穴(すあな), 隠れ家(かくれが)

vermin
[名詞]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

害獣, 有害生物

害獣, 有害生物

Ex: During the medieval timesvermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .
game
[名詞]

animals or birds that are hunted for food or sport

ゲーム, 獣(けもの)

ゲーム, 獣(けもの)

to graze
[動詞]

(of sheep, cows, etc.) to feed on the grass in a field

放牧する(ほうぼくする), 草を食む(くさをはむ)

放牧する(ほうぼくする), 草を食む(くさをはむ)

Ex: The shepherd led the flock graze on the hillside .
to hibernate
[動詞]

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

冬眠する (とうみんする), 休眠する (きゅうみんする)

冬眠する (とうみんする), 休眠する (きゅうみんする)

Ex: Ground squirrels hibernate in their burrows, where they enter a state of deep torpor to survive the winter.
litter
[名詞]

a group of newly-born mammals from the same mother

仔(こ), ひと腹(ひとはら)

仔(こ), ひと腹(ひとはら)

predator
[名詞]

any animal that lives by hunting and eating other animals

捕食者 (ほしょくしゃ), 肉食動物 (にくしょくどうぶつ)

捕食者 (ほしょくしゃ), 肉食動物 (にくしょくどうぶつ)

Ex: Jaguars , with powerful jaws and keen senses , are predators in the dense rainforests of South America .
prey
[名詞]

an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal

獲物, えもの

獲物, えもの

bird of prey
[名詞]

a bird, such as an eagle or a hawk, that feeds on animal flesh

猛禽類(もうきんるい), 肉食鳥(にくしょくちょう)

猛禽類(もうきんるい), 肉食鳥(にくしょくちょう)

chirp
[名詞]

a short sharp sound characteristic of a bird or an insect

鳴き声 (なきごえ), チュンチュン

鳴き声 (なきごえ), チュンチュン

crest
[名詞]

a prominent feature exhibited by some birds on their heads, consisting of feathers, fur, or skin

冠羽(かんう), クレスト

冠羽(かんう), クレスト

Ex: During mating season , the male quetzal grows a particularly vibrant and crest to attract a mate .
fowl
[名詞]

a domesticated bird that is particularly kept for its meat and eggs

家禽(かきん), 鳥(とり)

家禽(かきん), 鳥(とり)

Ex: fowl, such as ducks and geese , migrate to warmer climates during winter .
to incubate
[動詞]

to keep an egg in a favorable condition to help it develop until it hatches

孵化させる(ふかさせる), インキュベートする

孵化させる(ふかさせる), インキュベートする

Ex: Birds of prey like eagles build large nests where incubate their eggs and raise their chicks .
nestling
[名詞]

a bird that is too young to leave the nest built by its parents, especially one that has not yet learned how to fly

ひな鳥 (Hinadori), 幼鳥 (Yōchō)

ひな鳥 (Hinadori), 幼鳥 (Yōchō)

plumage
[名詞]

the feathers of a bird covering its body

羽毛(うもう), 羽衣(はごろも)

羽毛(うもう), 羽衣(はごろも)

Ex: Ducks molt and regrow plumage every year .
talon
[名詞]

a long, sharp nail on the foot of some birds, especially birds of prey

爪 (つめ), 鉤爪 (こうそう)

爪 (つめ), 鉤爪 (こうそう)

sponge
[名詞]

a marine invertebrate with a body full of holes through which water can circulate and nutrients can be absorbed

スポンジ, 海綿(かいめん)

スポンジ, 海綿(かいめん)

school
[名詞]

a large number of fish or sea mammals that swim together

魚の群れ, 魚群

魚の群れ, 魚群

Ex: school of dolphins playfully leapt from the water near the boat .
clam
[名詞]

an edible marine shellfish living in sand or mud

アサリ, ハマグリ

アサリ, ハマグリ

crustacean
[名詞]

a sea creature with a hard shell and jointed legs such as crabs and lobsters

甲殻類 (こうかくるい), カニ類 (かにるい)

甲殻類 (こうかくるい), カニ類 (かにるい)

Ex: During our nature hike , we found an crustacean, a small freshwater crayfish , in the stream .
arachnid
[名詞]

a class of terrestrial arthropods that breathe air and have four pairs of limbs, such as spiders, scorpions, etc.

クモ類, 節足動物の一群

クモ類, 節足動物の一群

tapeworm
[名詞]

a parasitic flatworm that is shaped like a ribbon and lives in the intestines of mammals

条虫, サナダムシ

条虫, サナダムシ

silverfish
[名詞]

a small wingless insect that is silvery and nocturnal, which feeds on paper products or clothing

シルバーフィッシュ, ウロコムシ

シルバーフィッシュ, ウロコムシ

arthropod
[名詞]

an invertebrate animal with a segmented body and a chitinous exoskeleton, such as a spider, crab, etc.

節足動物 (せっそくどうぶつ), 甲殻類 (こうかくるい)

節足動物 (せっそくどうぶつ), 甲殻類 (こうかくるい)

Ex: Arthropods molt their exoskeletons as they grow larger .
centipede
[名詞]

an arthropod with many pairs of legs and a pair of poisonous fangs

ムカデ, 千足

ムカデ, 千足

chrysalis
[名詞]

the stage of the metamorphosis that comes between the larval and adult stages of a moth or butterfly

さなぎ, 蛹(よう)

さなぎ, 蛹(よう)

cocoon
[名詞]

a silky covering that the larvae of some insects make around themselves during metamorphosis

繭 (まゆ), コクーン

繭 (まゆ), コクーン

larva
[名詞]

a young form of an insect or an animal that has come out of the egg but has not yet developed into an adult

幼虫, ラーバ

幼虫, ラーバ

exoskeleton
[名詞]

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

外骨格, エクソスケルトン

外骨格, エクソスケルトン

Ex: A grasshopperexoskeleton allows it to jump long distances .
louse
[名詞]

a small parasitic insect that lives and feeds on the body of warm-blooded animals

シラミ, 虱(しらみ)

シラミ, 虱(しらみ)

mollusk
[名詞]

any invertebrate that lives in aquatic or damp habitats and has a soft unsegmented body, often covered with a shell

軟体動物(なんたいどうぶつ), 貝類(ばいるい)

軟体動物(なんたいどうぶつ), 貝類(ばいるい)

Ex: mollusks, like snails , move slowly using a muscular foot .
leech
[名詞]

a parasitic or predatory worm of the annelid family that lives in freshwaters and drinks blood by attaching itself to its prey

ヒル, 水蛭

ヒル, 水蛭

TOEFL のための上級語彙
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