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Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Literature

Tutaj nauczysz się wszystkich niezbędnych słów do rozmowy o literaturze, zebranych specjalnie dla uczących się na poziomie C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
synecdoche
synecdoche
[Rzeczownik]

a figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or vice versa

synekdocha, metonimia

synekdocha, metonimia

Ex: In literature, synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part of something is used to represent the whole, or vice versa, such as referring to a car as "wheels." 
antagonist
antagonist
[Rzeczownik]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista, przeciwnik

antagonista, przeciwnik

Ex: The antagonist in the novel was a cunning and ruthless villain, determined to thwart the protagonist's plans at every turn. 
protagonist
protagonist
[Rzeczownik]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

główny bohater, protagonista

główny bohater, protagonista

Ex: The protagonist of the novel is a young orphan who embarks on a journey of self-discovery and adventure. 
frame story
frame story
[Rzeczownik]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

ramowa opowieść, opowieść ramowa

ramowa opowieść, opowieść ramowa

Ex: The frame story of the novel serves as a narrative device, framing the main plot with an overarching tale that provides context and perspective. 
conceit
conceit
[Rzeczownik]

an elaborate or far-fetched poetic image or comparison between very dissimilar things, used in literature

koncept, conceit

koncept, conceit

Ex: John Donne's metaphysical poetry is famous for its conceits, such as comparing lovers to a compass. 
hyperbole
hyperbole
[Rzeczownik]

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

hiperbola, przesada

hiperbola, przesada

Ex: His statement that he'd slept for a century was a hyperbole to express his exhaustion. 
epigraph
epigraph
[Rzeczownik]

a quotation or phrase placed at the beginning of a book, chapter, or other written work, often to suggest a theme or context

epigraf, cytat wstępny

epigraf, cytat wstępny

Ex: The novel opens with an epigraph from T.S. Eliot. 
miscellanea
miscellanea
[Rzeczownik]

a collection of various items, such as literary pieces, poems, letters, etc., gathered from different sources

mieszanina, kolekcja

mieszanina, kolekcja

Ex: The bookshelves were filled with miscellanea, ranging from ancient artifacts to quirky knick-knacks collected over the years. 
whodunit
whodunit
[Rzeczownik]

a story, play, movie, etc. about a mystery or murder that the audience cannot solve until the end

kryminał, zagadka morderstwa

kryminał, zagadka morderstwa

Ex: The latest novel by the bestselling author is a gripping whodunit, filled with twists and turns that keep readers guessing until the very end. 
codex
codex
[Rzeczownik]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

kodeks, starożytny rękopis

kodeks, starożytny rękopis

Ex: The museum's prized exhibit is an illuminated codex from the medieval period, featuring intricately detailed illustrations and calligraphy. 
parable
parable
[Rzeczownik]

a short, simple story that teaches a moral lesson

przypowieść, parabola

przypowieść, parabola

Ex: The teacher used a parable to explain the importance of honesty. 
zeugma
zeugma
[Rzeczownik]

the use of a word with two senses each of which apply to a different word in a sentence, as a figure of speech

zeugma, figura stylistyczna zeugma

zeugma, figura stylistyczna zeugma

Ex: The writer's clever use of zeugma added a layer of wit to his novel, connecting disparate ideas with a single verb. 
allegory
allegory
[Rzeczownik]

a specific story, artwork, or performance that embodies symbolic representation of deeper truths

alegoria, opowieść symboliczna

alegoria, opowieść symboliczna

Ex: The Pilgrim's Progress is a classic allegory depicting the soul's journey toward salvation. 
allusion
allusion
[Rzeczownik]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

aluzja, nawiązanie

aluzja, nawiązanie

Ex: Her comment about "meeting her Waterloo" was an allusion to Napoleon's final defeat, implying she faced an insurmountable challenge. 
abridgment
abridgment
[Rzeczownik]

a concise version of a lengthy play, novel, etc.

skrót, wersja skrócona

skrót, wersja skrócona

Ex: The publisher released an abridgment of the classic novel, making it more accessible to modern readers with limited time. 
foil
foil
[Rzeczownik]

a character in a literary work who contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist, to highlight specific traits of the latter

postać kontrastowa, postać przeciwstawna

postać kontrastowa, postać przeciwstawna

Ex: Dr. Watson serves as a foil to Sherlock Holmes. 
oxymoron
oxymoron
[Rzeczownik]

a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or contrasting terms to create a unique expression

oksymoron, zestawienie przeciwstawnych pojęć

oksymoron, zestawienie przeciwstawnych pojęć

Ex: The phrase "bittersweet victory" is an oxymoron, highlighting the mixed emotions of winning a hard-fought battle at a great cost. 
foreshadowing
foreshadowing
[Rzeczownik]

the act of giving a clue of the future events to the audience in advance while narrating a story

zapowiedź, przeczucie

zapowiedź, przeczucie

Ex: The eerie music playing in the background served as foreshadowing for the ominous events about to unfold. 
metafiction
metafiction
[Rzeczownik]

a literary genre that uses self-reflexive techniques to draw attention to its status as a work of fiction, blurring the lines between reality and fiction

metafikcja, metaliteratura

metafikcja, metaliteratura

Ex: The novel employed metafiction, blurring the lines between fiction and reality by having the characters acknowledge their existence as creations of the author. 
bildungsroman
bildungsroman
[Rzeczownik]

a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

powieść edukacyjna, powieść rozwojowa

powieść edukacyjna, powieść rozwojowa

Ex: The novel follows the protagonist's coming-of-age journey from adolescence to adulthood, making it a classic example of bildungsroman literature. 
elegy
elegy
[Rzeczownik]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegia, pieśń żałobna

elegia, pieśń żałobna

Ex: The poet composed an elegy to mourn the passing of a beloved friend, capturing the grief and longing felt by those left behind. 
cacophony
cacophony
[Rzeczownik]

a literary device that uses a mixture of unpleasant, inharmonious, and harsh sounds to show disorder or chaos

kakofonia, dysonans

kakofonia, dysonans

Ex: In the poem, the poet used cacophony to evoke the tumultuous emotions of the protagonist as they grappled with inner turmoil. 
motif
motif
[Rzeczownik]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

motyw, temat

motyw, temat

Ex: The motif of the "hero's journey" is a common theme in many epic tales, symbolizing the protagonist's growth and transformation. 
simile
simile
[Rzeczownik]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

porównanie, podobieństwo

porównanie, podobieństwo

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance. 
eclogue
eclogue
[Rzeczownik]

a form of poetry that originated in ancient Greek and Roman literature, typically consisting of a short, pastoral poem or dialogue between two shepherds

ekloga, poemat pasterski

ekloga, poemat pasterski

Ex: The poet's eclogue depicted a pastoral scene, with shepherds and nymphs gathering by a tranquil stream to share tales of love and loss. 
royalty
royalty
[Rzeczownik]

a payment made to the author or creator of a work for each copy of the work that is sold

tantiemy

tantiemy

Ex: The author receives a royalty for each copy of their book sold, providing them with income from their creative work. 
non sequitur
non sequitur
[Rzeczownik]

a remark or response that bears no logical or relevant connection to what was said before

non sequitur, niezwiązana uwaga

non sequitur, niezwiązana uwaga

Ex: Her comment about the weather was a non sequitur in the middle of the debate. 
canonical
canonical
[przymiotnik]

(of an author or literary work) accepted as highly acclaimed authors or pieces of literature, which are collectively referred to as the literary canon

kanoniczny

kanoniczny

Ex: Jane Austen's novels are considered part of the canonical literature of English literature, studied and revered by scholars and readers alike. 
epistolary
epistolary
[przymiotnik]

(literature) relating to a form of work that uses letters or written documents as the primary mode of communication among fictional characters

epistolarny, dotyczący korespondencji

epistolarny, dotyczący korespondencji

Ex: Epistolary novels like Dracula brought the epistle format to broader audiences through fictitious correspondence between characters. 
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