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Lista Słówek Poziomu C2 - Literature

Tutaj nauczysz się wszystkich niezbędnych słów w rozmowie o literaturze, zebranych specjalnie dla uczniów na poziomie C2.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
synecdoche
[Rzeczownik]

a figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or vice versa

synekdocha, synecdoche

synekdocha, synecdoche

Ex: The term " mouths to feed " is an example synecdoche, where " mouths " are used to represent people who need to be fed , typically in the context of providing for a family .
antagonist
[Rzeczownik]

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

antagonista, przeciwnik

antagonista, przeciwnik

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .
protagonist
[Rzeczownik]

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

protagonista, bohater

protagonista, bohater

Ex: protagonist's quest for redemption and forgiveness forms the emotional core of the narrative , resonating with audiences on a deeply human level .
frame story
[Rzeczownik]

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

opowieść ramowa, narracja ramowa

opowieść ramowa, narracja ramowa

Ex: frame story provides a meta-narrative framework that invites readers to reflect on the nature of storytelling itself , blurring the lines between fiction and reality .
conceit
[Rzeczownik]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

conceit, koncept

conceit, koncept

Ex: conceit, the poet explores the interconnectedness of nature and humanity , drawing parallels between the cycles of the natural world and the rhythms of human life .
hyperbole
[Rzeczownik]

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

hiperbola, przesada

hiperbola, przesada

Ex: The politician 's speech was rife hyperbole, promising to " solve all of society 's problems overnight " if elected .
epigraph
[Rzeczownik]

a short quotation or phrase that is written at the beginning of a book or any chapter of it, suggesting the theme

epigraf, epigrafia

epigraf, epigrafia

Ex: epigraph provided a thought-provoking entry point into the text , inviting readers to contemplate its meaning and relevance before delving into the story .
miscellanea
[Rzeczownik]

a collection of various items, such as literary pieces, poems, letters, etc., gathered from different sources

zbiór różnorodnych rzeczy, zbiór rozmaitości

zbiór różnorodnych rzeczy, zbiór rozmaitości

Ex: As they sorted through the atticmiscellanea, they stumbled upon a dusty old journal that revealed secrets long forgotten by their ancestors .
whodunit
[Rzeczownik]

a story, play, movie, etc. about a mystery or murder that the audience cannot solve until the end

zagadkowiec, kryminalna zagadka

zagadkowiec, kryminalna zagadka

Ex: The TV series became a hit for its whodunit plotlines , where each episode presented a new mystery for the viewers to solve .
codex
[Rzeczownik]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

kodeks, kodyks

kodeks, kodyks

Ex: The monastery 's library houses a remarkable collection codices, each one meticulously copied and illustrated by hand by dedicated scribes .
parable
[Rzeczownik]

a brief symbolic story that is told to send a moral or religious message

przypowieść, parabola

przypowieść, parabola

Ex: The ancient parable of the tortoise and the hare teaches the importance of perseverance and humility over arrogance and haste.
zeugma
[Rzeczownik]

the use of a word with two senses each of which apply to a different word in a sentence, as a figure of speech

zeugma, zeugma (figuracja)

zeugma, zeugma (figuracja)

Ex: The English teacher zeugma by illustrating how one verb could link both a literal and a figurative object in a sentence .
allegory
[Rzeczownik]

a story, poem, etc. in which the characters and events are used as symbols to convey moral or political lessons

allegoria, allegoryjność

allegoria, allegoryjność

Ex: The children 's book uses allegory to teach lessons about friendship and teamwork through a story about a group of animals working together .
allusion
[Rzeczownik]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

aluzja, nawiązanie

aluzja, nawiązanie

Ex: The poetallusion to Icarus served as a cautionary tale about the dangers of overambition and hubris .
abridgment
[Rzeczownik]

a concise version of a lengthy play, novel, etc.

skrócona wersja, abrygacja

skrócona wersja, abrygacja

Ex: While some purists prefer the full version , abridgment of the epic poem has found favor with those new to the genre .
foil
[Rzeczownik]

a character in a story who contrasts with another character, typically the protagonist, in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character

antyteza, kontrastujący bohater

antyteza, kontrastujący bohater

Ex: In the story , the antagonist 's ruthless ambition acts as foil to the protagonist 's compassionate leadership , showcasing the moral differences between them .
oxymoron
[Rzeczownik]

a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or contrasting terms to create a unique expression

oksymoron, sprzeczność pojęciowa

oksymoron, sprzeczność pojęciowa

Ex: The poet 's use of " cruel kindness " as oxymoron underscores the paradoxical nature of actions meant to help but causing pain .
foreshadowing
[Rzeczownik]

the act of giving a clue of the future events to the audience in advance while narrating a story

zapowiedź, prorokowanie

zapowiedź, prorokowanie

Ex: The mysterious stranger's ominous warning served as foreshadowing for the danger lurking ahead.
juxtaposition
[Rzeczownik]

the act of placing two things side by side to produce a contrasting effect

juxtapozycja, zestawienie

juxtapozycja, zestawienie

Ex: juxtaposition of the old and the new in the architecture of the city showcased its rich history while also reflecting its modern development .
metafiction
[Rzeczownik]

a literary genre that uses self-reflexive techniques to draw attention to its status as a work of fiction, blurring the lines between reality and fiction

metafikcja, metapowieść

metafikcja, metapowieść

Ex: metafiction, the author explored themes of authorship , narrative structure , and the relationship between fiction and reality , challenging readers to think critically about the nature of storytelling .
bildungsroman
[Rzeczownik]

a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

powieść bildungsroman, powieść o dojrzewaniu

powieść bildungsroman, powieść o dojrzewaniu

Ex: bildungsroman genre has produced some of literature 's most beloved works , capturing the universal struggles and triumphs of growing up .
elegy
[Rzeczownik]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

elegia, żałobna pieśń

elegia, żałobna pieśń

Ex: Through elegy, the poet found catharsis in expressing their grief and honoring the memory of the departed .
cacophony
[Rzeczownik]

a literary device that uses a mixture of unpleasant, inharmonious, and harsh sounds to show disorder or chaos

kakofonia, hałas

kakofonia, hałas

Ex: cacophony of sounds in the short story mirrored the protagonist 's descent into madness , with each noise amplifying their sense of paranoia and fear .
motif
[Rzeczownik]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

motyw, temat

motyw, temat

Ex: motif of " nature versus civilization " serves as a central theme in the story , highlighting the tension between humanity 's primal instincts and societal norms .
simile
[Rzeczownik]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

porównanie, similia

porównanie, similia

Ex: The poet 's use of simile comparing the stars to diamonds in the sky adds a touch of beauty and sparkle to the nighttime landscape .
eclogue
[Rzeczownik]

a form of poetry that originated in ancient Greek and Roman literature, typically consisting of a short, pastoral poem or dialogue between two shepherds

ekloga, pastoral

ekloga, pastoral

Ex: The pastoral eclogue served as a literary escape from the complexities of urban society, offering readers a glimpse into an idealized world of harmony and tranquility.
royalty
[Rzeczownik]

a payment made to the author or creator of a work for each copy of the work that is sold

wynagrodzenie autorskie, opłata licencyjna

wynagrodzenie autorskie, opłata licencyjna

Ex: The playwright negotiated a royalty agreement for the performance rights to their play , ensuring they would benefit financially from its continued popularity .
non sequitur
[Rzeczownik]

a literary device in which the answer to a question is not logical, creating an absurd or comic effect

non sequitur, nielogiczność

non sequitur, nielogiczność

Ex: The author non sequitur as a literary device to disrupt the flow of the narrative , adding an element of unpredictability to the story .
canonical
[przymiotnik]

(of an author or literary work) accepted as highly acclaimed authors or pieces of literature, which are collectively referred to as the literary canon

kanoniczny, uznawany za klasyczny

kanoniczny, uznawany za klasyczny

Ex: The student 's thesis explored themes of identity and power canonical literature , examining how these works have shaped cultural narratives over time .
epistolary
[przymiotnik]

(literature) relating to a form of work that uses letters or written documents as the primary mode of communication among fictional characters

epistolarny, listowy

epistolarny, listowy

Ex: Samuel Richardson 's pioneering 18th century novel " Pamela " epistolary literature highly influential .
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