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C2 Level Wordlist - Literature

Here you will learn all the essential words for talking about Literature, collected specifically for level C2 learners.

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CEFR C2 Vocabulary
synecdoche

a figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or vice versa

Ex: In literature, synecdoche is a figure of speech where a part of something is used to represent the whole, or vice versa, such as referring to a car as "wheels." 
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antagonist

villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

Ex: The antagonist in the novel was a cunning and ruthless villain, determined to thwart the protagonist's plans at every turn. 
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protagonist

the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.

Ex: The protagonist of the novel is a young orphan who embarks on a journey of self-discovery and adventure. 
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frame story

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

Ex: The frame story of the novel serves as a narrative device, framing the main plot with an overarching tale that provides context and perspective. 
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conceit
conceit
[noun]

an elaborate or far-fetched poetic image or comparison between very dissimilar things, used in literature

Ex: John Donne's metaphysical poetry is famous for its conceits, such as comparing lovers to a compass. 
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hyperbole
hyperbole
[noun]

a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something

Ex: His statement that he'd slept for a century was a hyperbole to express his exhaustion. 
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epigraph
epigraph
[noun]

a quotation or phrase placed at the beginning of a book, chapter, or other written work, often to suggest a theme or context

Ex: The novel opens with an epigraph from T.S. Eliot. 
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miscellanea

a collection of various items, such as literary pieces, poems, letters, etc., gathered from different sources

Ex: The bookshelves were filled with miscellanea, ranging from ancient artifacts to quirky knick-knacks collected over the years. 
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whodunit
whodunit
[noun]

a story, play, movie, etc. about a mystery or murder that the audience cannot solve until the end

Ex: The latest novel by the bestselling author is a gripping whodunit, filled with twists and turns that keep readers guessing until the very end. 
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codex
codex
[noun]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

Ex: The museum's prized exhibit is an illuminated codex from the medieval period, featuring intricately detailed illustrations and calligraphy. 
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parable
parable
[noun]

a short, simple story that teaches a moral lesson

Ex: The teacher used a parable to explain the importance of honesty. 
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zeugma
zeugma
[noun]

the use of a word with two senses each of which apply to a different word in a sentence, as a figure of speech

Ex: The writer's clever use of zeugma added a layer of wit to his novel, connecting disparate ideas with a single verb. 
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allegory
allegory
[noun]

a specific story, artwork, or performance that embodies symbolic representation of deeper truths

Ex: The Pilgrim's Progress is a classic allegory depicting the soul's journey toward salvation. 
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allusion
allusion
[noun]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

Ex: Her comment about "meeting her Waterloo" was an allusion to Napoleon's final defeat, implying she faced an insurmountable challenge. 
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abridgment

a concise version of a lengthy play, novel, etc.

Ex: The publisher released an abridgment of the classic novel, making it more accessible to modern readers with limited time. 
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foil
foil
[noun]

a character in a literary work who contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist, to highlight specific traits of the latter

Ex: Dr. Watson serves as a foil to Sherlock Holmes. 
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oxymoron
oxymoron
[noun]

a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or contrasting terms to create a unique expression

Ex: The phrase "bittersweet victory" is an oxymoron, highlighting the mixed emotions of winning a hard-fought battle at a great cost. 
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foreshadowing

the act of giving a clue of the future events to the audience in advance while narrating a story

Ex: The eerie music playing in the background served as foreshadowing for the ominous events about to unfold. 
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metafiction

a literary genre that uses self-reflexive techniques to draw attention to its status as a work of fiction, blurring the lines between reality and fiction

Ex: The novel employed metafiction, blurring the lines between fiction and reality by having the characters acknowledge their existence as creations of the author. 
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bildungsroman

a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

Ex: The novel follows the protagonist's coming-of-age journey from adolescence to adulthood, making it a classic example of bildungsroman literature. 
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elegy
elegy
[noun]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

Ex: The poet composed an elegy to mourn the passing of a beloved friend, capturing the grief and longing felt by those left behind. 
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cacophony
cacophony
[noun]

a literary device that uses a mixture of unpleasant, inharmonious, and harsh sounds to show disorder or chaos

Ex: In the poem, the poet used cacophony to evoke the tumultuous emotions of the protagonist as they grappled with inner turmoil. 
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motif
motif
[noun]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

Ex: The motif of the "hero's journey" is a common theme in many epic tales, symbolizing the protagonist's growth and transformation. 
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simile
simile
[noun]

a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

Ex: The poet used a simile to compare the clouds to cotton candy, painting a vivid picture of their fluffy, ethereal appearance. 
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eclogue
eclogue
[noun]

a form of poetry that originated in ancient Greek and Roman literature, typically consisting of a short, pastoral poem or dialogue between two shepherds

Ex: The poet's eclogue depicted a pastoral scene, with shepherds and nymphs gathering by a tranquil stream to share tales of love and loss. 
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royalty
royalty
[noun]

a payment made to the author or creator of a work for each copy of the work that is sold

Ex: The author receives a royalty for each copy of their book sold, providing them with income from their creative work. 
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non sequitur

a remark or response that bears no logical or relevant connection to what was said before

Ex: Her comment about the weather was a non sequitur in the middle of the debate. 
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canonical
canonical
[Adjective]

(of an author or literary work) accepted as highly acclaimed authors or pieces of literature, which are collectively referred to as the literary canon

Ex: Jane Austen's novels are considered part of the canonical literature of English literature, studied and revered by scholars and readers alike. 
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epistolary
epistolary
[Adjective]

(literature) relating to a form of work that uses letters or written documents as the primary mode of communication among fictional characters

Ex: Epistolary novels like Dracula brought the epistle format to broader audiences through fictitious correspondence between characters. 
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