a figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or vice versa

提喻, 部分代表整体
villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

对手, 反派
a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

框架故事, 框架叙事
a short quotation or phrase that is written at the beginning of a book or any chapter of it, suggesting the theme

引言, 题献
a collection of various items, such as literary pieces, poems, letters, etc., gathered from different sources

杂集, 文集
a story, play, movie, etc. about a mystery or murder that the audience cannot solve until the end

神秘小说, 侦探小说
the use of a word with two senses each of which apply to a different word in a sentence, as a figure of speech

共轭, 一词多义用法
a story, poem, etc. in which the characters and events are used as symbols to convey moral or political lessons

寓言, 象征故事
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

典故, 暗示
a concise version of a lengthy play, novel, etc.

节选, 删节本
a character in a story who contrasts with another character, typically the protagonist, in order to highlight particular qualities of the other character

烘托角色, 对比角色
a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or contrasting terms to create a unique expression

矛盾修饰法, 自相矛盾的表现
the act of giving a clue of the future events to the audience in advance while narrating a story

铺垫, 预示
a literary genre that uses self-reflexive techniques to draw attention to its status as a work of fiction, blurring the lines between reality and fiction

元小说, 自指小说
a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood

成长小说, 教育小说
a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

挽歌, 哀歌
a literary device that uses a mixture of unpleasant, inharmonious, and harsh sounds to show disorder or chaos

杂音, 噪声
a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'

明喻, 比喻
a form of poetry that originated in ancient Greek and Roman literature, typically consisting of a short, pastoral poem or dialogue between two shepherds

田园诗, 牧歌
a payment made to the author or creator of a work for each copy of the work that is sold

版税, 版权费
a literary device in which the answer to a question is not logical, creating an absurd or comic effect

不合逻辑的回应, 离题之辞
(of an author or literary work) accepted as highly acclaimed authors or pieces of literature, which are collectively referred to as the literary canon

经典的, 权威的
(literature) relating to a form of work that uses letters or written documents as the primary mode of communication among fictional characters

书信体的, 信件形式的
