a figure of speech in which a part of something represents the whole or vice versa
提喻, 转喻
短语“所有人都上甲板”是提喻的一个例子，其中“手”代表船的全体船员。
villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing
反派, 对手
在电影中，反派的邪恶计划对英雄构成了巨大的威胁，推动了冲突并推进了情节。
the main character in a movie, novel, TV show, etc.
主角, 主人公
在电影中，主角坚定不移的决心和勇气激励着周围的人站起来反抗不公正。
a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories
框架故事, 框式故事
在框架故事中，主人公向一群听众讲述他们的冒险经历，为故事中展开的更宏大的叙事奠定了基础。
an elaborate or far-fetched poetic image or comparison between very dissimilar things, used in literature
奇喻, 康塞特
月亮作为沉默见证者的自负在整首诗中反复出现。
a technique used in speech and writing to exaggerate the extent of something
夸张, 夸大
当她说她饿得可以吃下一头大象时，很明显她在使用夸张法。
a quotation or phrase placed at the beginning of a book, chapter, or other written work, often to suggest a theme or context
题词, 开篇引语
她在她的文章中引用了一句名言作为题词。
a collection of various items, such as literary pieces, poems, letters, etc., gathered from different sources
杂集, 收藏
在阁楼里，他们发现了一个杂项的宝库，包括旧照片、复古服装和被遗忘的几代人的纪念品。
a story, play, movie, etc. about a mystery or murder that the audience cannot solve until the end
侦探小说, 悬疑故事
阿加莎·克里斯蒂的经典故事是典型的whodunit，有一群嫌疑人，一个聪明的侦探和一个令人震惊的启示。
an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.
法典, 古代手抄本
学者们花费了数年时间破译这本古代抄本，其中包含了对早期文明宗教实践的宝贵见解。
a short, simple story that teaches a moral lesson
寓言, 比喻故事
孩子们喜欢寓言，因为它们将讲故事与道德教训相结合。
the use of a word with two senses each of which apply to a different word in a sentence, as a figure of speech
轭式搭配, 作为一种修辞手法的轭式搭配
在她的演讲中，她使用了zeugma，说：“她征服了山峰和她的恐惧。”
a specific story, artwork, or performance that embodies symbolic representation of deeper truths
寓言, 象征性叙述
动物农场作为一部批判专制政权的政治寓言而存在。
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device
暗示, 提及
小说的标题《美丽新世界》是对莎士比亚《暴风雨》的暗示，暗示了探索和发现的主题。
a concise version of a lengthy play, novel, etc.
节略, 缩写版
原文的缩写减少了冗长的描述，但保留了基本的情节和主题。
a character in a literary work who contrasts with another character, usually the protagonist, to highlight specific traits of the latter
衬托角色, 对比角色
雷欧提斯作为对比角色来衬托哈姆雷特的优柔寡断。
a figure of speech that combines two contradictory or contrasting terms to create a unique expression
矛盾修辞法, 矛盾语
她对房间里“震耳欲聋的沉默”的描述是一个矛盾修辞法，强调了争论后的紧张和静止。
the act of giving a clue of the future events to the audience in advance while narrating a story
伏笔, 预兆
作者在整个小说中运用了微妙的伏笔，留下了关于主人公等待的悲惨命运的线索。
a literary genre that uses self-reflexive techniques to draw attention to its status as a work of fiction, blurring the lines between reality and fiction
元小说, 后设小说
在电影中，主人公意识到自己是故事中的一个角色，这是元小说的一个巧妙例子，邀请观众质疑叙事本身的本质。
a novel that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of its main character from youth to adulthood
成长小说, 教育小说
在成长小说中，主角经历了一系列塑造其身份和世界观的考验和经历。
a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past
挽歌, 哀歌
音乐家的挽歌那萦绕心头的旋律在音乐厅中回荡，唤起了忧郁和失落感。
a literary device that uses a mixture of unpleasant, inharmonious, and harsh sounds to show disorder or chaos
不和谐音, 不协调
小说中不和谐声音的不和谐音反映了主人公内心的混乱和存在危机。
a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work
主题, 母题
小说中反复出现的黑暗与光明的主题强调了善恶之间的对比，以及主人公的内心挣扎。
a word or phrase that compares two things or people, highlighting the similarities, often introduced by 'like' or 'as'
明喻, 比喻
在小说中，作者使用了一个明喻来描述主人公的心脏像“失控的火车”一样跳动，传达了他们情感的强度。
a form of poetry that originated in ancient Greek and Roman literature, typically consisting of a short, pastoral poem or dialogue between two shepherds
牧歌, 田园诗
在文学中，牧歌是一种通常以牧羊人之间的对话为特色的诗歌类型，常以乡村或田园风光为背景。
a payment made to the author or creator of a work for each copy of the work that is sold
版税
音乐家在他们的歌曲在线流媒体播放或电台播放时赚取版税，确保他们为艺术贡献获得补偿。
a remark or response that bears no logical or relevant connection to what was said before
non sequitur, 不相关言论
那个说法是如此non sequitur，以至于它突然停止了讨论。
(of an author or literary work) accepted as highly acclaimed authors or pieces of literature, which are collectively referred to as the literary canon
经典的
教授的课程集中在西方文学的经典作品上，包括荷马、莎士比亚和但丁的经典作品。
(literature) relating to a form of work that uses letters or written documents as the primary mode of communication among fictional characters
书信体的, 与书信有关的
简·奥斯汀的《苏珊夫人》被认为是书信体中篇小说的早期例子。
