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Științe Naturale SAT - Agricultură și Silvicultură

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de agricultură și silvicultură, cum ar fi "semiarid", "irigație", "mulci" etc., de care vei avea nevoie pentru a trece de SAT-urile tale.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest

to cut and collect a crop

recolta, secera

recolta, secera

Ex: The farmers harvest wheat in late summer when the grains are fully ripe. 
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to cultivate

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

cultiva, crește

cultiva, crește

Ex: The farm cultivates wheat to supply local bakeries. 
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to yield
to yield
[verb]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

produce, da

produce, da

Ex: The apple orchard typically yields a bountiful harvest each year. 
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to plow
to plow
[verb]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

a ara, a pregăti solul

a ara, a pregăti solul

Ex: The farmer plows the field in the spring to prepare for planting crops. 
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to hoe
to hoe
[verb]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

a săpa, a prăși

a săpa, a prăși

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to till
to till
[verb]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

a ara, a lucra pământul

a ara, a lucra pământul

Ex: He tills the garden every spring to loosen the soil and remove weeds. 
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fertilizer
fertilizer
[substantiv]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

îngrășământ, fertilizant

îngrășământ, fertilizant

Ex: The gardener added fertilizer to the soil to help the plants grow strong and healthy. 
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irrigation
irrigation
[substantiv]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

irigație, udare

irigație, udare

Ex: Modern irrigation techniques have significantly increased agricultural productivity in arid regions. 
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infiltration
infiltration
[substantiv]

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

infiltrație, pătrunderea apei în sol

infiltrație, pătrunderea apei în sol

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precipitation
precipitation
[substantiv]

the amount of water falling to a particular location over a specified period

precipitații, cantitate de precipitații

precipitații, cantitate de precipitații

Ex: Annual precipitation in the region averages 1200 mm. 
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semi-arid
semi-arid
[adjectiv]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

Ex: The semiarid region experiences frequent droughts due to its low and unpredictable rainfall. 
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coniferous
coniferous
[adjectiv]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

conifer, resinos

conifer, resinos

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deciduous
deciduous
[adjectiv]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

deciduu

deciduu

Ex: The deciduous trees turned orange in autumn. 
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silviculture
silviculture
[substantiv]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

silvicultură, managementul pădurilor

silvicultură, managementul pădurilor

Ex: Silviculture techniques aim to enhance forest health and productivity while ensuring sustainable timber yields. 
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sharecropping
sharecropping
[substantiv]

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

arenda pe jumătate, sistem de arendă pentru o parte din recoltă

arenda pe jumătate, sistem de arendă pentru o parte din recoltă

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precision agriculture

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

agricultură de precizie, agricultură precisă

agricultură de precizie, agricultură precisă

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agropastoralism
agropastoralism
[substantiv]

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

agropastoralism, sistem agropastoral

agropastoralism, sistem agropastoral

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seedling
seedling
[substantiv]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

răsad, mlădiță

răsad, mlădiță

Ex: The gardeners planted seedlings in the greenhouse to prepare them for transplantation. 
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organic
organic
[adjectiv]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organic, ecologic

organic, ecologic

Ex: Organic farming relies on natural methods and avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. 
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insecticide
insecticide
[substantiv]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

insecticid, substanță insecticidă

insecticid, substanță insecticidă

Ex: The gardener sprayed insecticide on the rose bushes to protect them from aphids. 
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pesticide
pesticide
[substantiv]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pesticid, substanță dăunătoare insectelor

pesticid, substanță dăunătoare insectelor

Ex: The farmer applied pesticide to protect his crops from harmful insects. 
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herbicide
herbicide
[substantiv]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

erbicid

erbicid

Ex: Farmers use herbicides to control weeds and improve crop yields. 
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to terrace

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

terasa, construi terase

terasa, construi terase

Ex: Farmers in mountainous regions often terrace their land to grow crops efficiently. 
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manure
manure
[substantiv]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

băligar, îngrășământ organic

băligar, îngrășământ organic

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compost
compost
[substantiv]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

compost, îngrășământ organic

compost, îngrășământ organic

Ex: In early spring, Maria spread a two-inch layer of compost over her raised beds to boost vegetable yields. 
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mulch
mulch
[substantiv]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

mulci, strat protector

mulci, strat protector

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duff
duff
[substantiv]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

strat de frunze, strat de humus

strat de frunze, strat de humus

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to weed
to weed
[verb]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

a desburdeni, a îndepărta buruienile

a desburdeni, a îndepărta buruienile

Ex: She weeds the flower beds every weekend to keep them tidy and healthy. 
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to cross
to cross
[verb]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

încrucișa, hibridiza

încrucișa, hibridiza

Ex: Responsible dog breeders may cross purebred dogs to introduce genetic diversity. 
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blight
blight
[substantiv]

a plant disease that causes withering, discoloration, or death without immediate rotting

ofilitură, arsură

ofilitură, arsură

Ex: The tomato plants showed signs of blight, with curled leaves and brown spots. 
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vermin
vermin
[substantiv]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

dăunători, paraziți

dăunători, paraziți

Ex: After the flood, the basement was infested with vermin such as rats and cockroaches. 
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prairie
prairie
[substantiv]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

prerie, câmpie

prerie, câmpie

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logging
logging
[substantiv]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

tăierea copacilor, exploatarea forestieră

tăierea copacilor, exploatarea forestieră

Ex: Logging in the area has led to widespread deforestation and loss of biodiversity. 
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infestation
infestation
[substantiv]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

infestație, invazie

infestație, invazie

Ex: The farmer discovered an infestation of locusts that threatened to destroy his entire crop. 
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agrarian
agrarian
[adjectiv]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agrar, agricol

agrar, agricol

Ex: The agrarian community relies on farming as the main source of livelihood. 
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wasteland
wasteland
[substantiv]

a barren area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

pustietate, pământ steril

pustietate, pământ steril

Ex: The abandoned industrial site had turned into a wasteland over the years. 
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granary
granary
[substantiv]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

hambar, silo

hambar, silo

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hydroponics
hydroponics
[substantiv]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

hidroponie, metodă de cultivare a plantelor fără sol

hidroponie, metodă de cultivare a plantelor fără sol

Ex: Hydroponics allows for efficient cultivation of vegetables in urban environments. 
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eutrophication
eutrophication
[substantiv]

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

eutrofizare, îmbogățire excesivă cu nutrienți

eutrofizare, îmbogățire excesivă cu nutrienți

Ex: Eutrophication in the lake resulted in a large algae bloom, reducing oxygen levels and harming fish populations. 
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millet
millet
[substantiv]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

mei, mei

mei, mei

Ex: It was a cold winter evening, but I warmed up with a comforting bowl of millet and butternut squash soup. 
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maize
maize
[substantiv]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

porumb, păpușoi

porumb, păpușoi

Ex: As the summer sun set, a family gathered in the backyard, grilling maize skewers alongside juicy grilled meats. 
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squash
squash
[substantiv]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

dovleac, dovlecel

dovleac, dovlecel

Ex: He grew a beautiful yellow squash in his backyard garden and used it to make a delicious food. 
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safflower
safflower
[substantiv]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

șofrănel, șofran fals

șofrănel, șofran fals

Ex: As the sun set, the fields of safflower swayed gently in the breeze, creating a picturesque scene. 
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cauliflower
cauliflower
[substantiv]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

conopidă, floarea de varză

conopidă, floarea de varză

Ex: We added cauliflower to our vegetable soup for an extra dose of nutrients. 
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milfoil
milfoil
[substantiv]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

milfoil, plantă acvatică cu frunze subacvatice fin divizate

milfoil, plantă acvatică cu frunze subacvatice fin divizate

Ex: The lake's ecosystem was affected by the rapid spread of milfoil, requiring management to control its growth. 
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birch
birch
[substantiv]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

mesteacăn, mesteacăn alb

mesteacăn, mesteacăn alb

Ex: The birch trees in the forest rustled gently in the breeze. 
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hypha
hypha
[substantiv]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

hifă, filament fungic

hifă, filament fungic

Ex: The hyphae of the fungus spread rapidly through the soil, breaking down organic matter. 
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asparagus
asparagus
[substantiv]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

sparanghel

sparanghel

Ex: I always look forward to spring when asparagus is in season. 
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gourd
gourd
[substantiv]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

tărtăcuță, dovleac

tărtăcuță, dovleac

Ex: The farmers harvested gourds from the vine and used them to store water. 
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radish
radish
[substantiv]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

ridiche, ridiche roșie

ridiche, ridiche roșie

Ex: My mother pickled radishes with vinegar and spices. 
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hemlock
hemlock
[substantiv]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

tsuga, cucută

tsuga, cucută

Ex: The hemlock forest provided a dense canopy that shaded the forest floor. 
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legume
legume
[substantiv]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

legumă, leguminoasă

legumă, leguminoasă

Ex: Chickpeas and lentils are common legumes used in vegetarian cooking. 
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purslane
purslane
[substantiv]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

portulaca, iarba-grasa

portulaca, iarba-grasa

Ex: She picked some fresh purslane from her garden and added it to her summer salad. 
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