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Sciences Naturelles SAT - Agriculture et Foresterie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à l'agriculture et à la foresterie, tels que "semi-aride", "irrigation", "paillis", etc., dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest
[verbe]

to cut and collect a crop

récolter, moissonner, vendanger

récolter, moissonner, vendanger

Ex: He harvests carrots from the garden beds , pulling them from the soil .Il **récolte** des carottes dans les plates-bandes, les arrachant du sol.

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

cultiver

cultiver

Ex: Farmers cultivate crops like corn and soybeans in the Midwest .Les agriculteurs **cultivent** des cultures comme le maïs et le soja dans le Midwest.
to yield
[verbe]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

produire

produire

Ex: This vineyard yields high-quality grapes that are used to produce exceptional wines .Ce vignoble **produit** des raisins de haute qualité qui sont utilisés pour produire des vins exceptionnels.
to plow
[verbe]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

labourer

labourer

Ex: The farmers plow the field in straight rows to optimize planting efficiency .Les agriculteurs **labourent** le champ en rangées droites pour optimiser l'efficacité de la plantation.
to hoe
[verbe]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

biner, sarcler

biner, sarcler

to till
[verbe]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

labourer, travailler la terre

labourer, travailler la terre

Ex: Tilling the soil before planting helps to improve drainage and root growth .**Labourer** le sol avant de planter aide à améliorer le drainage et la croissance des racines.

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

engrais, fertilisant

engrais, fertilisant

Ex: Too much fertilizer can harm plants , so it is important to follow the instructions .Trop d'**engrais** peut nuire aux plantes, il est donc important de suivre les instructions.

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

irrigation, arrosage

irrigation, arrosage

Ex: Effective irrigation practices are crucial for sustainable forestry and preventing soil erosion .Les pratiques d'**irrigation** efficaces sont cruciales pour une foresterie durable et la prévention de l'érosion des sols.

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

infiltration, pénétration de l'eau dans le sol

infiltration, pénétration de l'eau dans le sol

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

précipitation, pluviométrie

précipitation, pluviométrie

Ex: Accurate precipitation data is vital for developing effective irrigation strategies .Les données précises sur les **précipitations** sont essentielles pour développer des stratégies d'irrigation efficaces.
semiarid
[Adjectif]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

semi-aride, mi-aride

semi-aride, mi-aride

Ex: Effective water management is crucial for sustainable development in semiarid regions .Une gestion efficace de l'eau est cruciale pour le développement durable dans les régions **semi-arides**.
coniferous
[Adjectif]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

conifère

conifère

deciduous
[Adjectif]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

à feuilles caduque

à feuilles caduque

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

sylviculture, gestion forestière

sylviculture, gestion forestière

Ex: Silviculture plays a vital role in balancing economic interests with environmental conservation in forestry .La **sylviculture** joue un rôle vital dans l'équilibre entre les intérêts économiques et la conservation de l'environnement dans la foresterie.

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

métayage, fermage partiaire

métayage, fermage partiaire

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

agriculture de précision, agriculture précise

agriculture de précision, agriculture précise

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

agropastoralisme, système agropastoral

agropastoralisme, système agropastoral

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

jeune plante, semis

jeune plante, semis

Ex: Gardeners monitor the growth of seedlings to ensure they are ready for outdoor conditions .Les jardiniers surveillent la croissance des **plantules** pour s'assurer qu'elles sont prêtes pour les conditions extérieures.
organic
[Adjectif]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organique

organique

Ex: The store has a wide selection of organic snacks and beverages .Le magasin propose une large sélection de collations et boissons **biologiques**.

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

insecticide, produit insecticide

insecticide, produit insecticide

Ex: The house was treated with insecticide to get rid of the ants that had invaded the kitchen .La maison a été traitée avec un **insecticide** pour se débarrasser des fourmis qui avaient envahi la cuisine.

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pesticide

pesticide

Ex: Excessive use of pesticides can harm beneficial insects and the environment .L'utilisation excessive de **pesticides** peut nuire aux insectes bénéfiques et à l'environnement.

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

herbicide

herbicide

Ex: Proper application of herbicides is essential to prevent damage to non-target plants and ecosystems .L'application appropriée des **herbicides** est essentielle pour éviter d'endommager les plantes non ciblées et les écosystèmes.
to terrace
[verbe]

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

terrasser, aménager en terrasses

terrasser, aménager en terrasses

Ex: The reforestation project involved terracing the land to plant trees on the steep terrain .Le projet de reboisement impliquait de **terrasser** le terrain pour planter des arbres sur les pentes abruptes.
manure
[nom]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

fumier

fumier

compost
[nom]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

compost

compost

mulch
[nom]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

paillis

paillis

duff
[nom]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

litière, couche d'humus

litière, couche d'humus

to weed
[verbe]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

désherber

désherber

Ex: He weeds the garden paths to keep them clear and accessible .Il **désherbe** les allées du jardin pour les garder dégagées et accessibles.
to cross
[verbe]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

croiser, hybrider

croiser, hybrider

Ex: The botanist crossed two varieties of roses , resulting in a flower with a unique color .Le botaniste a **croisé** deux variétés de roses, ce qui a donné une fleur d'une couleur unique.
blight
[nom]

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

rouille, cloque

rouille, cloque

vermin
[nom]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

animal nuisible, vermine

animal nuisible, vermine

Ex: During the medieval times , vermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .Pendant le Moyen Âge, les **nuisibles** comme les puces et les poux étaient omniprésents et propageaient souvent des maladies.
prairie
[nom]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

prairie

prairie

logging
[nom]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

abattage, exploitation forestière

abattage, exploitation forestière

Ex: The government imposed restrictions on logging to protect endangered species and their habitats.Le gouvernement a imposé des restrictions sur **l'exploitation forestière** pour protéger les espèces en voie de disparition et leurs habitats.

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

infestation, invasion

infestation, invasion

Ex: Effective pest management strategies are crucial to control infestation and protect crops .Les stratégies efficaces de gestion des ravageurs sont cruciales pour contrôler **l'infestation** et protéger les cultures.
agrarian
[Adjectif]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agraire

agraire

Ex: The agrarian landscape stretched for miles , with fields of crops as far as the eye could see .Le paysage **agraire** s'étendait sur des kilomètres, avec des champs de cultures à perte de vue.

a barren area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

Ex: The community garden initiative seeks to reclaim urban wasteland for productive use .
granary
[nom]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

grenier, grenier à grain

grenier, grenier à grain

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

hydroponie, culture hydroponique

hydroponie, culture hydroponique

Ex: The greenhouse utilizes hydroponics to grow a variety of herbs and greens .La serre utilise l'**hydroponie** pour cultiver une variété d'herbes et de légumes verts.

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

eutrophisation, enrichissement excessif en nutriments

eutrophisation, enrichissement excessif en nutriments

Ex: Efforts to restore the lake 's health focus on reducing nutrient inputs to combat eutrophication.Les efforts pour restaurer la santé du lac se concentrent sur la réduction des apports en nutriments pour lutter contre l'**eutrophisation**.
millet
[nom]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

millet

millet

Ex: You can impress your guests with an elegant millet-stuffed bell pepper dish.Vous pouvez impressionner vos invités avec un élégant plat de poivrons farcis au **millet**.
maize
[nom]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

maïs

maïs

Ex: In the school garden , the students proudly harvested the maize they had planted .Dans le jardin de l'école, les élèves ont fièrement récolté le **maïs** qu'ils avaient planté.
squash
[nom]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

courge, courgette

courge, courgette

Ex: Squash adds a wonderful texture and sweetness to curries.La **courge** ajoute une texture merveilleuse et une douceur aux currys.

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

carthame, safran bâtard

carthame, safran bâtard

Ex: She planted safflower in her garden , hoping to extract oil from the seeds for cooking purposes .Elle a planté du **carthame** dans son jardin, espérant extraire de l'huile des graines pour la cuisine.

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

chou-fleur

chou-fleur

Ex: She roasted cauliflower florets with spices and olive oil until they were golden brown and crispy .Elle a rôti des fleurons de **chou-fleur** avec des épices et de l'huile d'olive jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient dorés et croustillants.
milfoil
[nom]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

myriophylle, plante aquatique à feuilles finement divisées

myriophylle, plante aquatique à feuilles finement divisées

Ex: Researchers study the ecological interactions between milfoil and other aquatic species to better understand its role in freshwater ecosystems .Les chercheurs étudient les interactions écologiques entre le **myriophylle** et d'autres espèces aquatiques pour mieux comprendre son rôle dans les écosystèmes d'eau douce.
birch
[nom]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

bouleau, bouleau blanc

bouleau, bouleau blanc

Ex: The wood of birch trees is prized for its strength and flexibility , ideal for making furniture and plywood .Le bois des **bouleaux** est prisé pour sa résistance et sa flexibilité, idéal pour fabriquer des meubles et du contreplaqué.
hypha
[nom]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

hyphe, filament fongique

hyphe, filament fongique

Ex: The hypha of the mold infiltrated the fruit , causing it to decay rapidly .L'**hyphe** du champignon a infiltré le fruit, provoquant sa décomposition rapide.

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

asperge

asperge

Ex: Asparagus is a good source of vitamins and minerals, making it a healthy addition to any meal.L'**asperge** est une bonne source de vitamines et de minéraux, ce qui en fait un ajout sain à tout repas.
gourd
[nom]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

gourde, calebasse

gourde, calebasse

Ex: Botanists classify gourds as a diverse group of plants , including pumpkins and squashes .Les botanistes classent les **courges** comme un groupe diversifié de plantes, comprenant les citrouilles et les courgettes.
radish
[nom]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

radis

radis

Ex: She sliced the radishes into thin rounds and added them to a fresh garden salad .Elle a coupé les **radis** en fines rondelles et les a ajoutés à une salade de jardin fraîche.
hemlock
[nom]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

pruche, tsuga

pruche, tsuga

Ex: Foresters manage hemlock stands to maintain biodiversity and sustainable logging practices .Les forestiers gèrent les peuplements de **pruche** pour maintenir la biodiversité et des pratiques d'exploitation forestière durables.
legume
[nom]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

légumineuse

légumineuse

Ex: The dietitian recommended incorporating more legumes into their meals for added protein and fiber .Le diététicien a recommandé d'incorporer davantage de **légumineuses** dans leurs repas pour un apport supplémentaire en protéines et en fibres.

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

pourpier, portulaca

pourpier, portulaca

Ex: They bought a bunch of purslane from the farmer 's market and used it as a garnish for their soup .Ils ont acheté un bouquet de **pourpier** au marché fermier et l'ont utilisé comme garniture pour leur soupe.
Sciences Naturelles SAT
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