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Природничі Науки SAT - Сільське та лісове господарство

Тут ви дізнаєтеся кілька англійських слів, пов’язаних із сільським і лісовим господарством, як-от «semiarid», «irrigation», «mulch» тощо, які вам знадобляться, щоб отримати SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest

to cut and collect a crop

збирати урожай

збирати урожай

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to cultivate

to prepare and use land for growing plants or crops by planting seeds, tending to them, and providing necessary care

культивувати

культивувати

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to yield

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

виробляти

виробляти

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to plow

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

орати

орати

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to hoe

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

екати

екати

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to till

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

орти

орти

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fertilizer

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

добриво

добриво

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irrigation

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

ірригація

ірригація

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infiltration

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

інфільтрація

інфільтрація

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precipitation

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

опади

опади

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semiarid

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

півсухий

півсухий

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coniferous

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

хвойний

хвойний

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deciduous

(of plants) annually losing leaves

лиственний

лиственний

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silviculture

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

лісове господарство

лісове господарство

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sharecropping

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

пайова система

пайова система

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precision agriculture

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

точне сільське господарство

точне сільське господарство

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agropastoralism

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

агропасторалізм

агропасторалізм

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seedling

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

саджанець

саджанець

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organic

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

органічний

органічний

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insecticide

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

інсектицид

інсектицид

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pesticide

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

пестицид

пестицид

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herbicide

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

гербіцид

гербіцид

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to terrace

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

террасувати

террасувати

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manure

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

гній

гній

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compost

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

компост

компост

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mulch

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

мульча

мульча

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duff

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

гумус

гумус

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to weed

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

виполювати

виполювати

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monocot

a type of flowering plant that has a single cotyledon, or seed leaf, in its embryo, and typically features parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of three, and fibrous root systems

монокотильйон

монокотильйон

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dicot

a type of flowering plant that has two cotyledons, or seed leaves, in its embryo, typically featuring net-like leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of four or five, and a taproot system

дводомна

дводомна

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to cross

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds, races, or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

перехрещувати

перехрещувати

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blight

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

в'янення

в'янення

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vermin

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

паразити

паразити

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prairie

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

прерія

прерія

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logging

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

лісорубка

лісорубка

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infestation

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

інфекція

інфекція

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agrarian

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

аграрний

аграрний

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wasteland

a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

пустка

пустка

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granary

a place used for storing grains or farm food

зерносховище

зерносховище

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hydroponics

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

гідропоніка

гідропоніка

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autotroph

an organism that makes its own food using sunlight or chemical energy

автотроф

автотроф

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eutrophication

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

евтрофікація

евтрофікація

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millet

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

просо

просо

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maize

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

кукурудза

кукурудза

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squash

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

баклажан

баклажан

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safflower

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

сафлор

сафлор

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cauliflower

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

цветна капуста

цветна капуста

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milfoil

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

осока

осока

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birch

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

береза

береза

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hypha

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

гіфа

гіфа

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asparagus

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

спаржа

спаржа

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gourd

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

гарбуз

гарбуз

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radish

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

редиска

редиска

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hemlock

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

смереки

смереки

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legume

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

бобові

бобові

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purslane

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

портулак

портулак

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