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Ciencias Naturales SAT - Agricultura y Silvicultura

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la agricultura y la silvicultura, como "semiárido", "irrigación", "acolchado", etc., que necesitarás para aprobar tus SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest
[Verbo]

to cut and collect a crop

cosechar, recolectar

cosechar, recolectar

Ex: He harvests carrots from the garden beds , pulling them from the soil .Él **cosecha** zanahorias de los parterres, sacándolas de la tierra.

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

cultivar

cultivar

Ex: Farmers cultivate crops like corn and soybeans in the Midwest .Los agricultores **cultivan** cultivos como el maíz y la soja en el Medio Oeste.
to yield
[Verbo]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

producir

producir

Ex: This vineyard yields high-quality grapes that are used to produce exceptional wines .Este viñedo **produce** uvas de alta calidad que se utilizan para elaborar vinos excepcionales.
to plow
[Verbo]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

arar

arar

Ex: The farmers plow the field in straight rows to optimize planting efficiency .Los agricultores **arran** el campo en hileras rectas para optimizar la eficiencia de la siembra.
to hoe
[Verbo]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

azadonar

azadonar

to till
[Verbo]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

labrar, arar

labrar, arar

Ex: Tilling the soil before planting helps to improve drainage and root growth .**Labrar** la tierra antes de plantar ayuda a mejorar el drenaje y el crecimiento de las raíces.
fertilizer
[Sustantivo]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

fertilizante

fertilizante

Ex: Too much fertilizer can harm plants , so it is important to follow the instructions .Demasiado **fertilizante** puede dañar las plantas, por lo que es importante seguir las instrucciones.
irrigation
[Sustantivo]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

irrigación, riego

irrigación, riego

Ex: Effective irrigation practices are crucial for sustainable forestry and preventing soil erosion .Las prácticas de **riego** efectivas son cruciales para la silvicultura sostenible y la prevención de la erosión del suelo.
infiltration
[Sustantivo]

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

infiltración, penetración del agua en el suelo

infiltración, penetración del agua en el suelo

precipitation
[Sustantivo]

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

precipitación, pluviometría

precipitación, pluviometría

Ex: Accurate precipitation data is vital for developing effective irrigation strategies .Los datos precisos de **precipitación** son vitales para desarrollar estrategias de riego efectivas.
semiarid
[Adjetivo]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

semiárido, semiseco

semiárido, semiseco

Ex: Effective water management is crucial for sustainable development in semiarid regions .La gestión efectiva del agua es crucial para el desarrollo sostenible en las regiones **semiáridas**.
coniferous
[Adjetivo]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

conífero

conífero

deciduous
[Adjetivo]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

caducifolio

caducifolio

silviculture
[Sustantivo]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

silvicultura, gestión forestal

silvicultura, gestión forestal

Ex: Silviculture plays a vital role in balancing economic interests with environmental conservation in forestry .La **silvicultura** juega un papel vital en equilibrar los intereses económicos con la conservación del medio ambiente en la silvicultura.
sharecropping
[Sustantivo]

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

aparcería, medianería

aparcería, medianería

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

agricultura de precisión, agricultura precisa

agricultura de precisión, agricultura precisa

agropastoralism
[Sustantivo]

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

agropastoralismo, sistema agropastoril

agropastoralismo, sistema agropastoril

seedling
[Sustantivo]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

plántula, brote

plántula, brote

Ex: Gardeners monitor the growth of seedlings to ensure they are ready for outdoor conditions .Los jardineros monitorean el crecimiento de las **plántulas** para asegurarse de que estén listas para las condiciones exteriores.
organic
[Adjetivo]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

orgánico

orgánico

Ex: The store has a wide selection of organic snacks and beverages .La tienda tiene una amplia selección de bocadillos y bebidas **orgánicas**.
insecticide
[Sustantivo]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

insecticida, producto insecticida

insecticida, producto insecticida

Ex: The house was treated with insecticide to get rid of the ants that had invaded the kitchen .La casa fue tratada con **insecticida** para deshacerse de las hormigas que habían invadido la cocina.
pesticide
[Sustantivo]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pesticida

pesticida

Ex: Excessive use of pesticides can harm beneficial insects and the environment .El uso excesivo de **pesticidas** puede dañar a los insectos beneficiosos y al medio ambiente.
herbicide
[Sustantivo]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

herbicida

herbicida

Ex: Proper application of herbicides is essential to prevent damage to non-target plants and ecosystems .La aplicación adecuada de los **herbicidas** es esencial para prevenir daños a plantas no objetivo y a los ecosistemas.
to terrace
[Verbo]

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

aterrazar, construir terrazas

aterrazar, construir terrazas

Ex: The reforestation project involved terracing the land to plant trees on the steep terrain .El proyecto de reforestación implicó **aterrazar** el terreno para plantar árboles en la pendiente pronunciada.
manure
[Sustantivo]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

abono

abono

compost
[Sustantivo]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

abono orgánico, compost

abono orgánico, compost

mulch
[Sustantivo]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

mantillo

mantillo

duff
[Sustantivo]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

mantillo, hojarasca

mantillo, hojarasca

to weed
[Verbo]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

escardar

escardar

Ex: He weeds the garden paths to keep them clear and accessible .Él **deshierba** los caminos del jardín para mantenerlos despejados y accesibles.
to cross
[Verbo]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

cruzar, hibridar

cruzar, hibridar

Ex: The botanist crossed two varieties of roses , resulting in a flower with a unique color .El botánico **cruzó** dos variedades de rosas, resultando en una flor con un color único.
blight
[Sustantivo]

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

mildiú

mildiú

vermin
[Sustantivo]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

sabandijas

sabandijas

Ex: During the medieval times , vermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .Durante la época medieval, los **alimañas** como pulgas y piojos eran rampantes y a menudo propagaban enfermedades.
prairie
[Sustantivo]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

pradera

pradera

logging
[Sustantivo]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

explotación forestal, tala

explotación forestal, tala

Ex: The government imposed restrictions on logging to protect endangered species and their habitats.El gobierno impuso restricciones sobre **la tala de árboles** para proteger las especies en peligro de extinción y sus hábitats.
infestation
[Sustantivo]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

infestación, plaga

infestación, plaga

Ex: Effective pest management strategies are crucial to control infestation and protect crops .Las estrategias efectivas de manejo de plagas son cruciales para controlar **la infestación** y proteger los cultivos.
agrarian
[Adjetivo]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agrario

agrario

Ex: The agrarian landscape stretched for miles , with fields of crops as far as the eye could see .El paisaje **agrario** se extendía por millas, con campos de cultivos hasta donde alcanzaba la vista.
wasteland
[Sustantivo]

a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

terreno baldío, yermo

terreno baldío, yermo

Ex: The community garden initiative seeks to reclaim urban wasteland for productive use .La iniciativa del huerto comunitario busca recuperar los **terrenos baldíos** urbanos para un uso productivo.
granary
[Sustantivo]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

granero

granero

hydroponics
[Sustantivo]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

hidroponía, cultivo hidropónico

hidroponía, cultivo hidropónico

Ex: The greenhouse utilizes hydroponics to grow a variety of herbs and greens .El invernadero utiliza la **hidroponía** para cultivar una variedad de hierbas y verduras.
eutrophication
[Sustantivo]

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

eutrofización, enriquecimiento excesivo de nutrientes

eutrofización, enriquecimiento excesivo de nutrientes

Ex: Efforts to restore the lake 's health focus on reducing nutrient inputs to combat eutrophication.Los esfuerzos para restaurar la salud del lago se centran en reducir los aportes de nutrientes para combatir la **eutrofización**.
millet
[Sustantivo]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

mijo

mijo

Ex: You can impress your guests with an elegant millet-stuffed bell pepper dish.Puedes impresionar a tus invitados con un elegante plato de pimientos rellenos de **mijo**.
maize
[Sustantivo]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

maíz

maíz

Ex: In the school garden , the students proudly harvested the maize they had planted .En el jardín de la escuela, los estudiantes cosecharon con orgullo el **maíz** que habían plantado.
squash
[Sustantivo]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

calabaza, calabacín

calabaza, calabacín

Ex: Squash adds a wonderful texture and sweetness to curries.La **calabaza** añade una textura maravillosa y dulzura a los curris.
safflower
[Sustantivo]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

cártamo, alazor

cártamo, alazor

Ex: She planted safflower in her garden , hoping to extract oil from the seeds for cooking purposes .Ella plantó **cártamo** en su jardín, con la esperanza de extraer aceite de las semillas para cocinar.
cauliflower
[Sustantivo]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

coliflor

coliflor

Ex: She roasted cauliflower florets with spices and olive oil until they were golden brown and crispy .Ella asó floretes de **coliflor** con especias y aceite de oliva hasta que estuvieron dorados y crujientes.
milfoil
[Sustantivo]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

milhojas, planta acuática con hojas finamente divididas

milhojas, planta acuática con hojas finamente divididas

Ex: Researchers study the ecological interactions between milfoil and other aquatic species to better understand its role in freshwater ecosystems .Los investigadores estudian las interacciones ecológicas entre el **milfoil** y otras especies acuáticas para comprender mejor su papel en los ecosistemas de agua dulce.
birch
[Sustantivo]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

abedul, abedul blanco

abedul, abedul blanco

Ex: The wood of birch trees is prized for its strength and flexibility , ideal for making furniture and plywood .La madera de los **abedules** es apreciada por su resistencia y flexibilidad, ideal para hacer muebles y contrachapado.
hypha
[Sustantivo]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

hifa, filamento fúngico

hifa, filamento fúngico

Ex: The hypha of the mold infiltrated the fruit , causing it to decay rapidly .La **hifa** del moho infiltró la fruta, causando que se descompusiera rápidamente.
asparagus
[Sustantivo]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

espárrago

espárrago

Ex: Asparagus is a good source of vitamins and minerals, making it a healthy addition to any meal.Los **espárragos** son una buena fuente de vitaminas y minerales, lo que los convierte en una adición saludable a cualquier comida.
gourd
[Sustantivo]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

calabaza, guaje

calabaza, guaje

Ex: Botanists classify gourds as a diverse group of plants , including pumpkins and squashes .Los botánicos clasifican las **calabazas** como un grupo diverso de plantas, que incluye calabazas y calabacines.
radish
[Sustantivo]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

rábano

rábano

Ex: She sliced the radishes into thin rounds and added them to a fresh garden salad .Cortó los **rábanos** en rodajas finas y los agregó a una ensalada fresca de jardín.
hemlock
[Sustantivo]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

tsuga, cicuta

tsuga, cicuta

Ex: Foresters manage hemlock stands to maintain biodiversity and sustainable logging practices .Los silvicultores gestionan los rodales de **tsuga** para mantener la biodiversidad y prácticas de tala sostenibles.
legume
[Sustantivo]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

legumbre

legumbre

Ex: The dietitian recommended incorporating more legumes into their meals for added protein and fiber .El dietista recomendó incorporar más **legumbres** en sus comidas para obtener más proteínas y fibra.
purslane
[Sustantivo]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

verdolaga, portulaca

verdolaga, portulaca

Ex: They bought a bunch of purslane from the farmer 's market and used it as a garnish for their soup .Compraron un montón de **verdolaga** en el mercado de agricultores y la usaron como adorno para su sopa.
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