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自然科学 SAT - 農林

ここでは、SAT の合格に必要な、「半乾燥」、「灌漑」、「マルチ」など、農業と林業に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest
[動詞]

to cut and collect a crop

収穫する, 刈り取る

収穫する, 刈り取る

Ex: harvests carrots from the garden beds , pulling them from the soil .
to cultivate
[動詞]

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

栽培する, 耕す

栽培する, 耕す

Ex: cultivate crops like corn and soybeans in the Midwest .
to yield
[動詞]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

生産する, 収穫する

生産する, 収穫する

Ex: This yields high-quality grapes that are used to produce exceptional wines .
to plow
[動詞]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

耕す(たがやす), 耕耘する(こううんする)

耕す(たがやす), 耕耘する(こううんする)

Ex: The plow the field in straight rows to optimize planting efficiency .
to hoe
[動詞]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

耕す (たがやす),  hoe は「鍬で耕す」(くわでたがやす)

耕す (たがやす), hoe は「鍬で耕す」(くわでたがやす)

to till
[動詞]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

耕す(たがやす), 土を耕す(つちをたがやす)

耕す(たがやす), 土を耕す(つちをたがやす)

Ex: Tilling the soil before planting helps to improve drainage and root growth .
fertilizer
[名詞]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

肥料 (ひりょう), 肥料 (ひりょう)

肥料 (ひりょう), 肥料 (ひりょう)

Ex: fertilizer can harm plants , so it is important to follow the instructions .
irrigation
[名詞]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

灌漑(かんがい), 灌水(かんすい)

灌漑(かんがい), 灌水(かんすい)

Ex: irrigation practices are crucial for sustainable forestry and preventing soil erosion .
infiltration
[名詞]

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

浸透, 浸入

浸透, 浸入

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

降水量(こうすいりょう), 降水(こうすい)

降水量(こうすいりょう), 降水(こうすい)

Ex: precipitation data is vital for developing effective irrigation strategies .
semiarid
[形容詞]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

準乾燥の, 半乾燥の

準乾燥の, 半乾燥の

Ex: Effective water management is crucial for sustainable development semiarid regions .
coniferous
[形容詞]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

針葉樹の, 針葉樹性の

針葉樹の, 針葉樹性の

deciduous
[形容詞]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

落葉性の, 落葉樹の

落葉性の, 落葉樹の

silviculture
[名詞]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

森林管理(しんりんかんり), 林業(りんぎょう)

森林管理(しんりんかんり), 林業(りんぎょう)

Ex: Silviculture plays a vital role in balancing economic interests with environmental conservation in forestry .

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

小作制(こさくせい), シェアクロッピング

小作制(こさくせい), シェアクロッピング

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

精密農業, 精緻農業

精密農業, 精緻農業

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

農牧業, アグロパストラリズム

農牧業, アグロパストラリズム

seedling
[名詞]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

苗, 若苗

苗, 若苗

Ex: Gardeners monitor the growth seedlings to ensure they are ready for outdoor conditions .
organic
[形容詞]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

有機(ゆうき), オーガニック

有機(ゆうき), オーガニック

Ex: The store has a wide selection organic snacks and beverages .
insecticide
[名詞]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい), インセクトサイド

殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい), インセクトサイド

Ex: The house was treated insecticide to get rid of the ants that had invaded the kitchen .
pesticide
[名詞]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

農薬 (のうやく), 殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい)

農薬 (のうやく), 殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい)

Ex: Excessive use pesticides can harm beneficial insects and the environment .
herbicide
[名詞]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

除草剤 (じょそうざい), ハーブicide (はーぶさいど)

除草剤 (じょそうざい), ハーブicide (はーぶさいど)

Ex: Proper application herbicides is essential to prevent damage to non-target plants and ecosystems .
to terrace
[動詞]

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

段々畑を作る, テラスを設ける

段々畑を作る, テラスを設ける

Ex: The reforestation project terracing the land to plant trees on the steep terrain .
manure
[名詞]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

肥料 (ひりょう), 堆肥 (たいひ)

肥料 (ひりょう), 堆肥 (たいひ)

compost
[名詞]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

堆肥 (たいひ), コンポスト

堆肥 (たいひ), コンポスト

mulch
[名詞]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

マルチ,  mulch(マルチ)

マルチ, mulch(マルチ)

duff
[名詞]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

土壌表面に堆積した分解中の有機物(葉、枝、その他の植物素材)の層, ダフ

土壌表面に堆積した分解中の有機物(葉、枝、その他の植物素材)の層, ダフ

to weed
[動詞]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

雑草を取り除く, 除草する

雑草を取り除く, 除草する

Ex: weeds the garden paths to keep them clear and accessible .
to cross
[動詞]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

Ex: The crossed two varieties of roses , resulting in a flower with a unique color .
blight
[名詞]

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

枯死病 (こしびょう), ブライト

枯死病 (こしびょう), ブライト

vermin
[名詞]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

害獣, 有害生物

害獣, 有害生物

Ex: During the medieval timesvermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .
prairie
[名詞]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

プレーリー, 草原 (そうげん)

プレーリー, 草原 (そうげん)

logging
[名詞]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

伐採(ばっさい), ログ作業(ログさぎょう)

伐採(ばっさい), ログ作業(ログさぎょう)

Ex: The government imposed restrictions on logging to protect endangered species and their habitats.
infestation
[名詞]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

寄生(きせい), 侵略(しんりゃく)

寄生(きせい), 侵略(しんりゃく)

Ex: Effective pest management strategies are crucial to infestation and protect crops .
agrarian
[形容詞]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

農業の (のうぎょうの), 農耕の (のうこうの)

農業の (のうぎょうの), 農耕の (のうこうの)

Ex: agrarian landscape stretched for miles , with fields of crops as far as the eye could see .
wasteland
[名詞]

a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

不毛の土地 (ふもうのとち), 荒地 (あれち)

不毛の土地 (ふもうのとち), 荒地 (あれち)

Ex: The community garden initiative seeks to reclaim wasteland for productive use .
granary
[名詞]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

穀倉 (こくそう), 穀物倉庫 (こくもつそうこ)

穀倉 (こくそう), 穀物倉庫 (こくもつそうこ)

hydroponics
[名詞]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

水耕栽培, ハイドロポニクス

水耕栽培, ハイドロポニクス

Ex: The greenhouse hydroponics to grow a variety of herbs and greens .

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

富栄養化, ユートロフィケーション

富栄養化, ユートロフィケーション

Ex: Efforts to restore the lake 's health focus on reducing nutrient inputs to eutrophication.
millet
[名詞]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

ミレット, 粟(あわ)

ミレット, 粟(あわ)

Ex: You can impress your guests with an elegant millet-stuffed bell pepper dish.
maize
[名詞]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

トウモロコシ, マイズ

トウモロコシ, マイズ

Ex: In the school garden , the students proudly harvested maize they had planted .
squash
[名詞]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

ズッキーニ, スクワッシュ

ズッキーニ, スクワッシュ

Ex: Squash adds a wonderful texture and sweetness to curries.
safflower
[名詞]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

サフラワー, ベニバナ

サフラワー, ベニバナ

Ex: She safflower in her garden , hoping to extract oil from the seeds for cooking purposes .
cauliflower
[名詞]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

カリフラワー, 花キャベツ

カリフラワー, 花キャベツ

Ex: She cauliflower florets with spices and olive oil until they were golden brown and crispy .
milfoil
[名詞]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

ミルフォイル, 水草

ミルフォイル, 水草

Ex: Researchers study the ecological interactions milfoil and other aquatic species to better understand its role in freshwater ecosystems .
birch
[名詞]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

白樺(しらかば), バーチ

白樺(しらかば), バーチ

Ex: The wood birch trees is prized for its strength and flexibility , ideal for making furniture and plywood .
hypha
[名詞]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

菌糸(きんし), ハイファ

菌糸(きんし), ハイファ

Ex: hypha of the mold infiltrated the fruit , causing it to decay rapidly .
asparagus
[名詞]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

アスパラガス,  asparagus (アスパラ)

アスパラガス, asparagus (アスパラ)

Ex: Asparagus is a good source of vitamins and minerals, making it a healthy addition to any meal.
gourd
[名詞]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

うり (uri), ひょうたん (hyoutan)

うり (uri), ひょうたん (hyoutan)

Ex: Botanists gourds as a diverse group of plants , including pumpkins and squashes .
radish
[名詞]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

ラディッシュ, 大根(赤い)

ラディッシュ, 大根(赤い)

Ex: She sliced radishes into thin rounds and added them to a fresh garden salad .
hemlock
[名詞]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

ヘムロック, モミ

ヘムロック, モミ

Ex: Foresters hemlock stands to maintain biodiversity and sustainable logging practices .
legume
[名詞]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

豆類, マメ科植物

豆類, マメ科植物

Ex: The dietitian recommended incorporating legumes into their meals for added protein and fiber .
purslane
[名詞]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

ポーチュラカ, ヌルデ

ポーチュラカ, ヌルデ

Ex: They bought a bunch purslane from the farmer 's market and used it as a garnish for their soup .
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