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自然科学 SAT - 農林

ここでは、SAT の合格に必要な、「半乾燥」、「灌漑」、「マルチ」など、農業と林業に関連するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest
[動詞]

to cut and collect a crop

収穫する, 刈り取る

収穫する, 刈り取る

to cultivate
[動詞]

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

栽培する, 耕す

栽培する, 耕す

to yield
[動詞]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

生産する, 収穫する

生産する, 収穫する

to plow
[動詞]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

耕す(たがやす), 耕耘する(こううんする)

耕す(たがやす), 耕耘する(こううんする)

to till
[動詞]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

耕す(たがやす), 土を耕す(つちをたがやす)

耕す(たがやす), 土を耕す(つちをたがやす)

fertilizer
[名詞]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

肥料 (ひりょう), 肥料 (ひりょう)

肥料 (ひりょう), 肥料 (ひりょう)

irrigation
[名詞]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

灌漑(かんがい), 灌水(かんすい)

灌漑(かんがい), 灌水(かんすい)

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

降水量(こうすいりょう), 降水(こうすい)

降水量(こうすいりょう), 降水(こうすい)

semiarid
[形容詞]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

準乾燥の, 半乾燥の

準乾燥の, 半乾燥の

silviculture
[名詞]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

森林管理(しんりんかんり), 林業(りんぎょう)

森林管理(しんりんかんり), 林業(りんぎょう)

seedling
[名詞]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

苗, 若苗

苗, 若苗

organic
[形容詞]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

有機(ゆうき), オーガニック

有機(ゆうき), オーガニック

insecticide
[名詞]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい), インセクトサイド

殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい), インセクトサイド

pesticide
[名詞]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

農薬 (のうやく), 殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい)

農薬 (のうやく), 殺虫剤 (さっちゅうざい)

herbicide
[名詞]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

除草剤 (じょそうざい), ハーブicide (はーぶさいど)

除草剤 (じょそうざい), ハーブicide (はーぶさいど)

to terrace
[動詞]

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

段々畑を作る, テラスを設ける

段々畑を作る, テラスを設ける

to weed
[動詞]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

雑草を取り除く, 除草する

雑草を取り除く, 除草する

to cross
[動詞]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

vermin
[名詞]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

害獣, 有害生物

害獣, 有害生物

logging
[名詞]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

伐採(ばっさい), ログ作業(ログさぎょう)

伐採(ばっさい), ログ作業(ログさぎょう)

infestation
[名詞]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

寄生(きせい), 侵略(しんりゃく)

寄生(きせい), 侵略(しんりゃく)

agrarian
[形容詞]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

農業の (のうぎょうの), 農耕の (のうこうの)

農業の (のうぎょうの), 農耕の (のうこうの)

Ex: agrarian landscape stretched for miles , with fields of crops as far as the eye could see .
wasteland
[名詞]

a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

不毛の土地 (ふもうのとち), 荒地 (あれち)

不毛の土地 (ふもうのとち), 荒地 (あれち)

hydroponics
[名詞]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

水耕栽培, ハイドロポニクス

水耕栽培, ハイドロポニクス

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

富栄養化, ユートロフィケーション

富栄養化, ユートロフィケーション

millet
[名詞]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

ミレット, 粟(あわ)

ミレット, 粟(あわ)

maize
[名詞]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

トウモロコシ, マイズ

トウモロコシ, マイズ

squash
[名詞]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

ズッキーニ, スクワッシュ

ズッキーニ, スクワッシュ

safflower
[名詞]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

サフラワー, ベニバナ

サフラワー, ベニバナ

cauliflower
[名詞]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

カリフラワー, 花キャベツ

カリフラワー, 花キャベツ

Ex: She cauliflower florets with spices and olive oil until they were golden brown and crispy .
milfoil
[名詞]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

ミルフォイル, 水草

ミルフォイル, 水草

birch
[名詞]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

白樺(しらかば), バーチ

白樺(しらかば), バーチ

hypha
[名詞]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

菌糸(きんし), ハイファ

菌糸(きんし), ハイファ

asparagus
[名詞]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

アスパラガス,  asparagus (アスパラ)

アスパラガス, asparagus (アスパラ)

Ex: She served a side dish of asparagus seasoned with garlic and parmesan cheese .
gourd
[名詞]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

うり (uri), ひょうたん (hyoutan)

うり (uri), ひょうたん (hyoutan)

radish
[名詞]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

ラディッシュ, 大根(赤い)

ラディッシュ, 大根(赤い)

hemlock
[名詞]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

ヘムロック, モミ

ヘムロック, モミ

legume
[名詞]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

豆類, マメ科植物

豆類, マメ科植物

Ex: The dietitian recommended incorporating legumes into their meals for added protein and fiber .
purslane
[名詞]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

ポーチュラカ, ヌルデ

ポーチュラカ, ヌルデ

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