Естественные Науки SAT - Сельское и лесное хозяйство

to cut and collect a crop

собирать урожай

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

культивировать

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

приносить

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

пахать

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

мотыжить

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

вспахивать, перекопать

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

удобрение

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

ирригация

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

инфильтрация, проникновение

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

осадки, количество осадков

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

полусухой, полусухой

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

хвойный

(of plants) annually losing leaves

листопадный

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

лесоводство

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

доля на земле, долевое землевладение

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

точное земледелие, прецизионное сельское хозяйство

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

агропасторализм, агропасторальное хозяйство

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

рассада, сеянец

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

натуральный, экологически чистый

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

инсектицид

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

пестицид

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

гербицид

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

террасировать, создавать террасы

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

навоз

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

компост

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

мульча

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

хумус, разлагающийся органический материал

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

полоть

a type of flowering plant that has a single cotyledon, or seed leaf, in its embryo, and typically features parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of three, and fibrous root systems

монохот, однокот

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds, races, or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

скрещивать, проводить селекцию

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

заболевание растений

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

вредители

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

прерия

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

лесозаготовка

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

инфекция, поражение

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

сельскохозяйственный, земельный

a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

пустошь, бесплодная земля

a place used for storing grains or farm food

зернохранилище, амбар

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

гидропоника

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

эутрофикация, эвтрофикация

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

пшено

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

маис

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

тSquash, сквош

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

сафлор

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

цветная капуста

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

водяная трава, милузы

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

берёза, березка

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

гифа, мицелий

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

спаржа

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

бачок, тыква

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

редиска

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

пихта, емла

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

бобовые

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

постник