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Mga Likas na Agham ng SAT - Agrikultura at Panggugubat

Dito matututo ka ng ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa agrikultura at paggugubat, tulad ng "semiarid", "irrigation", "mulch", atbp. na kakailanganin mo upang pumasa sa iyong SATs.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest
to harvest
[Pandiwa]

to cut, pick, and collect a crop when it is ready

mag-ani,  mag-ani ng

mag-ani, mag-ani ng

Ex: Farmers harvest the wheat in late summer. 
to cultivate
to cultivate
[Pandiwa]

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

linangin, taniman

linangin, taniman

Ex: The farm cultivates wheat to supply local bakeries. 

Ang bukid ay nagtatanim ng trigo upang magsupply sa mga lokal na panaderya.

to yield
to yield
[Pandiwa]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

gumawa, magbigay

gumawa, magbigay

Ex: This vineyard yields high-quality grapes that are used to produce exceptional wines. 
to plow
to plow
[Pandiwa]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

mag-araro, bungkalin ang lupa

mag-araro, bungkalin ang lupa

Ex: The farmer plows the field in the spring to prepare for planting crops. 
to hoe
to hoe
[Pandiwa]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

mag-asada, mag-alis ng damo

mag-asada, mag-alis ng damo

to till
to till
[Pandiwa]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

magbungkal, mag-araro

magbungkal, mag-araro

Ex: Tilling the soil before planting helps to improve drainage and root growth. 
fertilizer
fertilizer
[Pangngalan]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

pataba, abono

pataba, abono

Ex: The gardener added fertilizer to the soil to help the plants grow strong and healthy. 

Ang hardinero ay nagdagdag ng pataba sa lupa upang matulungan ang mga halaman na lumakas at maging malusog.

irrigation
irrigation
[Pangngalan]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

patubig, irigasyon

patubig, irigasyon

Ex: Modern irrigation techniques have significantly increased agricultural productivity in arid regions. 

Ang mga modernong pamamaraan ng irigasyon ay makabuluhang nagpataas ng produktibidad sa agrikultura sa mga tuyong rehiyon.

infiltration
infiltration
[Pangngalan]

the gradual passage of a liquid into or through a porous substance

Ex: Heavy rain increased the infiltration of water into the soil. 
precipitation
precipitation
[Pangngalan]

the amount of water falling to a particular location over a specified period

presipitasyon, dami ng ulan

presipitasyon, dami ng ulan

Ex: Scientists compare historical precipitation to track climate change. 

Inihahambing ng mga siyentipiko ang makasaysayang pag-ulan upang subaybayan ang pagbabago ng klima.

semi-arid
semi-arid
[pang-uri]

having little rainfall, but not as dry as a desert

semi-arid, semi-tuyot

semi-arid, semi-tuyot

Ex: The semi-arid region experiences frequent droughts due to its low and unpredictable rainfall. 
coniferous
coniferous
[pang-uri]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

konipero, may mga karayom na dahon

konipero, may mga karayom na dahon

deciduous
deciduous
[pang-uri]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

naglalaglag ng dahon

naglalaglag ng dahon

Ex: The deciduous trees turned orange in autumn. 

Ang mga punong naglalagas ng dahon ay naging kulay kahel sa taglagas.

silviculture
silviculture
[Pangngalan]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

silbikultura, pamamahala ng kagubatan

silbikultura, pamamahala ng kagubatan

Ex: Silviculture techniques aim to enhance forest health and productivity while ensuring sustainable timber yields. 

Ang mga pamamaraan ng silviculture ay naglalayong mapahusay ang kalusugan at produktibidad ng kagubatan habang tinitiyak ang napapanatiling ani ng troso.

sharecropping
sharecropping
[Pangngalan]

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

pagsasaka sa hatian, pagbubungkal ng lupa para sa bahagi ng ani

pagsasaka sa hatian, pagbubungkal ng lupa para sa bahagi ng ani

precision agriculture

a farming method that uses technology to manage resources like water and fertilizer with high accuracy for better crop yields

precision agriculture, agriculture na may katumpakan

precision agriculture, agriculture na may katumpakan

Ex: Precision agriculture uses GPS-guided tractors to plant seeds at exact depths and spacing. 
agropastoralism
agropastoralism
[Pangngalan]

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

agropastoralismo, sistemang agropastoral

agropastoralismo, sistemang agropastoral

seedling
seedling
[Pangngalan]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

punla, binhi

punla, binhi

Ex: The gardeners planted seedlings in the greenhouse to prepare them for transplantation. 

Ang mga hardinero ay nagtanim ng mga punla sa greenhouse upang ihanda ang mga ito para sa pagtatanim.

organic
organic
[pang-uri]

produced or grown without artificial fertilizers, pesticides, or other synthetic chemicals

organiko, likas

organiko, likas

Ex: She buys organic vegetables whenever possible. 
insecticide
insecticide
[Pangngalan]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

pampatay ng insekto, kemikal na pampatay ng insekto

pampatay ng insekto, kemikal na pampatay ng insekto

Ex: After applying the insecticide, the plants seemed healthier and free from bugs. 

Pagkatapos ilapat ang insecticide, ang mga halaman ay tila mas malusog at walang mga insekto.

pesticide
pesticide
[Pangngalan]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pestisidyo, kemikal na pampatay ng peste

pestisidyo, kemikal na pampatay ng peste

Ex: Some people prefer organic farming methods that avoid using synthetic pesticides. 

Ang ilang mga tao ay mas gusto ang mga pamamaraan ng organic farming na umiiwas sa paggamit ng synthetic na pesticides.

herbicide
herbicide
[Pangngalan]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

herbisidyo

herbisidyo

Ex: Farmers use herbicides to control weeds and improve crop yields. 
to terrace
to terrace
[Pandiwa]

to form sloping land into a series of flat, step-like levels, especially for farming or to reduce erosion

mag-terrace,  gawing terasa

mag-terrace, gawing terasa

Ex: Farmers terraced the steep hillside to grow rice. 
manure
manure
[Pangngalan]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

pataba, dumi ng hayop

pataba, dumi ng hayop

compost
compost
[Pangngalan]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

compost, organikong pataba

compost, organikong pataba

Ex: In early spring, Maria spread a two-inch layer of compost over her raised beds to boost vegetable yields. 

Sa unang bahagi ng tagsibol, nagkalat si Maria ng dalawang pulgadang layer ng compost sa kanyang mga nakataas na kama upang mapataas ang ani ng gulay.

mulch
mulch
[Pangngalan]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

mulch, patong na pang-alaga sa halaman

mulch, patong na pang-alaga sa halaman

duff
duff
[Pangngalan]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

banig ng dahon, patong ng humus

banig ng dahon, patong ng humus

to weed
to weed
[Pandiwa]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

mag-alis ng damo, linisin ang mga damo

mag-alis ng damo, linisin ang mga damo

Ex: He weeds the garden paths to keep them clear and accessible. 
to cross
to cross
[Pandiwa]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

tawirin, haluin

tawirin, haluin

Ex: Agricultural scientists conducted research by crossing different corn varieties. 
blight
blight
[Pangngalan]

a plant disease that causes withering, discoloration, or death without immediate rotting

pagkalanta, pagkasunog

pagkalanta, pagkasunog

Ex: Blight-resistant strains were developed to protect future harvests. 

Ang mga lahing lumalaban sa pagkalanta ay binuo upang protektahan ang mga ani sa hinaharap.

vermin
vermin
[Pangngalan]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

peste, mga nakakapinsalang hayop

peste, mga nakakapinsalang hayop

Ex: After the flood, the basement was infested with vermin such as rats and cockroaches. 

Pagkatapos ng baha, ang basement ay napuno ng mga peste tulad ng mga daga at ipis.

prairie
prairie
[Pangngalan]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

prairie, kapatagan

prairie, kapatagan

logging
logging
[Pangngalan]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

pagputol ng mga puno, pagtotroso

pagputol ng mga puno, pagtotroso

Ex: Logging in the area has led to widespread deforestation and loss of biodiversity. 
infestation
infestation
[Pangngalan]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

pagsalakay, pagkalat

pagsalakay, pagkalat

Ex: The farmer discovered an infestation of locusts that threatened to destroy his entire crop. 

Natuklasan ng magsasaka ang isang pagsalakay ng mga balang na nagbabantang wasakin ang kanyang buong ani.

agrarian
agrarian
[pang-uri]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

agraryo, pang-agrikultura

agraryo, pang-agrikultura

Ex: The agrarian community relies on farming as the main source of livelihood. 

Ang agraryo na komunidad ay umaasa sa pagsasaka bilang pangunahing pinagkukunan ng kabuhayan.

wasteland
wasteland
[Pangngalan]

a barren area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

lupang tiwangwang, tigang na lupa

lupang tiwangwang, tigang na lupa

Ex: The abandoned industrial site had turned into a wasteland over the years. 

Ang inabandunang industriyal na lugar ay naging tigang na lupain sa paglipas ng mga taon.

granary
granary
[Pangngalan]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

bangan, silo

bangan, silo

hydroponics
hydroponics
[Pangngalan]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

hydroponics, pamamaraan ng pagtatanim ng mga halaman nang walang lupa

hydroponics, pamamaraan ng pagtatanim ng mga halaman nang walang lupa

Ex: Hydroponics allows for efficient cultivation of vegetables in urban environments. 

Ang hydroponics ay nagbibigay-daan sa mahusay na pagtatanim ng mga gulay sa mga urban na kapaligiran.

eutrophication
eutrophication
[Pangngalan]

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

eutropikasyon, labis na pagyaman ng nutrient

eutropikasyon, labis na pagyaman ng nutrient

Ex: Eutrophication in the lake resulted in a large algae bloom, reducing oxygen levels and harming fish populations. 

Ang eutrophication sa lawa ay nagresulta sa malaking pagdami ng algae, na nagpababa ng mga antas ng oxygen at nakasama sa populasyon ng isda.

millet
millet
[Pangngalan]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

dawa, dawa

dawa, dawa

Ex: When he discovered a new millet-based bread recipe, he excitedly baked a loaf. 

Nang matuklasan niya ang isang bagong recipe ng tinapay na gawa sa dawa, masigla siyang naghurno ng isang loaf.

maize
maize
[Pangngalan]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

mais, saging na saba

mais, saging na saba

Ex: As the summer sun set, a family gathered in the backyard, grilling maize skewers alongside juicy grilled meats. 

Habang lumulubog ang araw ng tag-araw, nagtipon ang isang pamilya sa bakuran, nag-iihaw ng mga tuhog na mais kasabay ng makatas na inihaw na karne.

squash
squash
[Pangngalan]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

kalabasa, squash

kalabasa, squash

Ex: He grew a beautiful yellow squash in his backyard garden and used it to make a delicious food. 

Nagtanim siya ng magandang dilaw na squash sa kanyang backyard garden at ginamit ito para gumawa ng masarap na pagkain.

safflower
safflower
[Pangngalan]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

safflower, halaman ng safflower

safflower, halaman ng safflower

Ex: As the sun set, the fields of safflower swayed gently in the breeze, creating a picturesque scene. 

Habang lumulubog ang araw, ang mga bukid ng safflower ay marahang umuuga sa simoy ng hangin, na lumilikha ng isang magandang tanawin.

cauliflower
cauliflower
[Pangngalan]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

koliplor, bulaklak ng repolyo

koliplor, bulaklak ng repolyo

Ex: We added cauliflower to our vegetable soup for an extra dose of nutrients. 

Nagdagdag kami ng cauliflower sa aming vegetable soup para sa karagdagang dosis ng nutrients.

milfoil
milfoil
[Pangngalan]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

milpoil, halaman sa tubig na may pinong hinati sa ilalim ng tubig na mga dahon

milpoil, halaman sa tubig na may pinong hinati sa ilalim ng tubig na mga dahon

Ex: The lake's ecosystem was affected by the rapid spread of milfoil, requiring management to control its growth. 

Ang ecosystem ng lawa ay naapektuhan ng mabilis na pagkalat ng milfoil, na nangangailangan ng pamamahala upang makontrol ang paglago nito.

birch
birch
[Pangngalan]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

puno ng birch, birch

puno ng birch, birch

Ex: The birch trees in the forest rustled gently in the breeze. 

Ang mga puno ng birch sa kagubatan ay marahang kumakaluskos sa simoy ng hangin.

hypha
hypha
[Pangngalan]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

hypha, hibla ng kabute

hypha, hibla ng kabute

Ex: The hyphae of the fungus spread rapidly through the soil, breaking down organic matter. 

Ang mga hypha ng fungus ay mabilis na kumakalat sa lupa, winawasak ang organikong materya.

asparagus
asparagus
[Pangngalan]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

asparagus

asparagus

Ex: I always look forward to spring when asparagus is in season. 

Laging inaasam ko ang tagsibol kapag asparagus ay nasa panahon.

gourd
gourd
[Pangngalan]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

kalabasa, upo

kalabasa, upo

Ex: The farmers harvested gourds from the vine and used them to store water. 

Ang mga magsasaka ay nag-ani ng kalabasa mula sa baging at ginamit ito upang mag-imbak ng tubig.

radish
radish
[Pangngalan]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

labanos, pulang labanos

labanos, pulang labanos

Ex: She harvested a bunch of radishes from the garden and shared them with her neighbors. 

Nag-ani siya ng isang bungkos ng labanos mula sa hardin at ibinahagi ito sa kanyang mga kapitbahay.

hemlock
hemlock
[Pangngalan]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

tsuga, hemlock

tsuga, hemlock

Ex: The hemlock forest provided a dense canopy that shaded the forest floor. 

Ang kagubatan ng hemlock ay nagbigay ng isang siksik na kulandong na naglilim sa sahig ng kagubatan.

legume
legume
[Pangngalan]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

legumbre, leguminosa

legumbre, leguminosa

Ex: Chickpeas and lentils are common legumes used in vegetarian cooking. 

Ang chickpeas at lentils ay karaniwang legumes na ginagamit sa vegetarian cooking.

purslane
purslane
[Pangngalan]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

purslane, portulaca

purslane, portulaca

Ex: She picked some fresh purslane from her garden and added it to her summer salad. 

Pumitas niya ang ilang sariwang purslane mula sa kanyang hardin at idinagdag ito sa kanyang summer salad.

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