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Přírodní Vědy SAT - Zemědělství a lesnictví

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka související se zemědělstvím a lesnictvím, jako je „semiarid“, „irrigation“, „mulch“ atd., která budete potřebovat, abyste zvládli své SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Natural Sciences
to harvest
[sloveso]

to cut and collect a crop

sklízet, odbírat

sklízet, odbírat

Ex: harvests carrots from the garden beds , pulling them from the soil .
to cultivate
[sloveso]

to grow plants or crops, especially for farming or commercial purposes

pěstovat, cultivovat

pěstovat, cultivovat

Ex: cultivate crops like corn and soybeans in the Midwest .
to yield
[sloveso]

(of a farm or an industry) to grow or produce a crop or product

plodit, sklízet

plodit, sklízet

Ex: This yields high-quality grapes that are used to produce exceptional wines .
to plow
[sloveso]

to use a large farming equipment to dig the ground and make it ready for farming

orat, ryti

orat, ryti

Ex: The plow the field in straight rows to optimize planting efficiency .
to hoe
[sloveso]

to break up the surface of the ground, remove weeds, etc. using a gardening tool with a thin metal blade attached to a long handle

kypřit, přehnívat

kypřit, přehnívat

to till
[sloveso]

to prepare the soil for planting by digging, stirring, or turning it over using a tool such as a plow or a tiller

oral, kypřit

oral, kypřit

Ex: Tilling the soil before planting helps to improve drainage and root growth .
fertilizer
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical or natural material that is added to the soil to improve its productivity and help plants grow

hnojivo, přihnojování

hnojivo, přihnojování

Ex: fertilizer can harm plants , so it is important to follow the instructions .
irrigation
[Podstatné jméno]

the artificial application of water to land or soil to assist in the growing of crops and the maintenance of landscapes

zavlažování, irigace

zavlažování, irigace

Ex: irrigation practices are crucial for sustainable forestry and preventing soil erosion .
infiltration
[Podstatné jméno]

the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil, replenishing soil moisture and reducing runoff

infiltrace, vsákávání

infiltrace, vsákávání

precipitation
[Podstatné jméno]

the amount of water, in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, that falls to the ground, measured over a specific period and crucial for crop growth and forest health

srážky, úhrn srážek

srážky, úhrn srážek

Ex: precipitation data is vital for developing effective irrigation strategies .
semiarid
[Přídavné jméno]

characterized by receiving very little rainfall, often with erratic precipitation patterns and a tendency towards drought conditions, but not as extreme as arid climates

polozasněný, polozasněné

polozasněný, polozasněné

Ex: Effective water management is crucial for sustainable development semiarid regions .
coniferous
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to trees with hard and dry fruits called cones and needle-shaped leaves

jehličnatý, bělový

jehličnatý, bělový

deciduous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of plants) annually losing leaves

opadavý, listnatý

opadavý, listnatý

silviculture
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of cultivating and managing forests, including the planting, growth, and harvesting of trees for timber production and ecosystem maintenance

lesnictví, silvikultura

lesnictví, silvikultura

Ex: Silviculture plays a vital role in balancing economic interests with environmental conservation in forestry .
sharecropping
[Podstatné jméno]

an agricultural system where landowners allow tenants to use the land in exchange for a share of the crops produced

pacht, nájemní hospodaření

pacht, nájemní hospodaření

precision agriculture
[Podstatné jméno]

a farming approach that uses technology to optimize crop production by precisely managing resources like water, fertilizer, and pesticides

precizní zemědělství, přesné zemědělství

precizní zemědělství, přesné zemědělství

agropastoralism
[Podstatné jméno]

a farming system that combines agriculture with livestock grazing, where both activities are practiced on the same land

agropastoralismus, agropastorální systém

agropastoralismus, agropastorální systém

seedling
[Podstatné jméno]

a young plant that develops from a seed, typically in the early stages of growth after germination

sazenice, výhonek

sazenice, výhonek

Ex: Gardeners monitor the growth seedlings to ensure they are ready for outdoor conditions .
organic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of food or farming techniques) produced or done without any artificial or chemical substances

organický, biologický

organický, biologický

Ex: The store has a wide selection organic snacks and beverages .
insecticide
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical substance or agent that is used to kill or control insects that can cause harm to humans, crops, animals, and structures

insekticid, pesticid

insekticid, pesticid

Ex: The house was treated insecticide to get rid of the ants that had invaded the kitchen .
pesticide
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of chemical substance that is used for killing insects or small animals that damage food or crops

pesticid, insekticid

pesticid, insekticid

Ex: Excessive use pesticides can harm beneficial insects and the environment .
herbicide
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical substance that kills plants, used for destroying plants that are not wanted

herbicid, přípravek na hubení plevelů

herbicid, přípravek na hubení plevelů

Ex: Proper application herbicides is essential to prevent damage to non-target plants and ecosystems .
to terrace
[sloveso]

to create stepped levels or flat areas on sloped land to prevent erosion and make the land suitable for farming or forestry

stupňovitě upravit, udělat terasy

stupňovitě upravit, udělat terasy

Ex: The reforestation project terracing the land to plant trees on the steep terrain .
manure
[Podstatné jméno]

solid waste from animals spread on a piece of land to help plants and crops grow healthier and stronger

hnojivo, hnůj

hnojivo, hnůj

compost
[Podstatné jméno]

decayed leaves, plants, or other organic waste turned into a mixture that can improve the soil's quality and productivity once added to it

kompost, hnůj

kompost, hnůj

mulch
[Podstatné jméno]

a protective layer of decaying leaves or compost that is spread over or around a plant to improve the quality of the soil, stop weeds from growing, or to provide protection for the plant's base and its roots

mulč, mulčovací vrstva

mulč, mulčovací vrstva

duff
[Podstatné jméno]

the layer of decomposing organic matter, such as leaves, twigs, and other plant material, that accumulates on the soil surface

humus, rozklad

humus, rozklad

to weed
[sloveso]

to rid a garden or other area of land of unwanted plants

plevelit, odstranit plevel

plevelit, odstranit plevel

Ex: weeds the garden paths to keep them clear and accessible .
to cross
[sloveso]

to deliberately mate individuals of different breeds or varieties to produce offspring with desirable characteristics or traits

Ex: The crossed two varieties of roses , resulting in a flower with a unique color .
blight
[Podstatné jméno]

any disease that causes a plant to wither and eventually dies

škůdce, houbová choroba

škůdce, houbová choroba

vermin
[Podstatné jméno]

small animals or insects that are believed to be destructive and are difficult to handle when they appear in a considerable number

škůdci, hlodavci

škůdci, hlodavci

Ex: During the medieval timesvermin like fleas and lice were rampant and often spread diseases .
prairie
[Podstatné jméno]

a flat, wide area of land with no or very few trees in North America

pláň, step

pláň, step

logging
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of cutting down trees to use their wood

těžba dřeva, lesní hospodářství

těžba dřeva, lesní hospodářství

Ex: The government imposed restrictions on logging to protect endangered species and their habitats.
infestation
[Podstatné jméno]

the presence of large numbers of harmful insects, pests, or other organisms in an area, often causing damage to crops, trees, or natural environments

nákaza, infekce

nákaza, infekce

Ex: Effective pest management strategies are crucial to infestation and protect crops .
agrarian
[Přídavné jméno]

related to agriculture, farmers, or rural life

zemědělský, agrální

zemědělský, agrální

Ex: agrarian landscape stretched for miles , with fields of crops as far as the eye could see .
wasteland
[Podstatné jméno]

a barren or unproductive area of land that is unsuitable for agriculture or habitation

poušť, pustina

poušť, pustina

Ex: The community garden initiative seeks to reclaim wasteland for productive use .
granary
[Podstatné jméno]

a place used for storing grains or farm food

obilní sklad, zrnník

obilní sklad, zrnník

hydroponics
[Podstatné jméno]

a method of growing plants without soil, using nutrient-rich water solutions

hydroponie, hydroponické pěstování

hydroponie, hydroponické pěstování

Ex: The greenhouse hydroponics to grow a variety of herbs and greens .
eutrophication
[Podstatné jméno]

the excessive nutrients in water causing algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and ecological problems

eutrofizace, eutrofování

eutrofizace, eutrofování

Ex: Efforts to restore the lake 's health focus on reducing nutrient inputs to eutrophication.
millet
[Podstatné jméno]

small seeds of a large crop that grows in warm regions, used to feed birds or make flour

proso, millet

proso, millet

Ex: You can impress your guests with an elegant millet-stuffed bell pepper dish.
maize
[Podstatné jméno]

a tall plant growing in Central America that produces yellow seeds, which are used in cooking

kukuřice, kukuřičné zrno

kukuřice, kukuřičné zrno

Ex: In the school garden , the students proudly harvested maize they had planted .
squash
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of edible plants that are typically harvested and cooked while still immature

tykev, squash

tykev, squash

Ex: Squash adds a wonderful texture and sweetness to curries.
safflower
[Podstatné jméno]

a plant with bright orange or yellow flowers that produces seeds rich in oil

saflor, saflorový květ

saflor, saflorový květ

Ex: She safflower in her garden , hoping to extract oil from the seeds for cooking purposes .
cauliflower
[Podstatné jméno]

the flower head of a plant from the cabbage family that is white in color and is eaten as a vegetable

květák, květina z kapusty

květák, květina z kapusty

Ex: She cauliflower florets with spices and olive oil until they were golden brown and crispy .
milfoil
[Podstatné jméno]

aquatic plants with finely divided underwater leaves, found in freshwater habitats like lakes and ponds

přítulka, řasnatka

přítulka, řasnatka

Ex: Researchers study the ecological interactions milfoil and other aquatic species to better understand its role in freshwater ecosystems .
birch
[Podstatné jméno]

a deciduous tree known for its smooth bark, typically found in temperate and boreal forests

březový strom, bříza

březový strom, bříza

Ex: The wood birch trees is prized for its strength and flexibility , ideal for making furniture and plywood .
hypha
[Podstatné jméno]

a thread-like structure found in fungi, consisting of a chain of cells that collectively form the fungal mycelium, essential for nutrient absorption and growth

hyfa, vláknito

hyfa, vláknito

Ex: hypha of the mold infiltrated the fruit , causing it to decay rapidly .
asparagus
[Podstatné jméno]

a long green vegetable with edible stems, used in cooking or eaten raw

chřest, asparágus

chřest, asparágus

Ex: Asparagus is a good source of vitamins and minerals, making it a healthy addition to any meal.
gourd
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fruit belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, typically with a hard outer shell, often used for containers, utensils, or as ornamental decorations

tykev, dýně

tykev, dýně

Ex: Botanists gourds as a diverse group of plants , including pumpkins and squashes .
radish
[Podstatné jméno]

an edible root of red color with a pungent taste that is eaten raw in salads

ředkev, ředkevka

ředkev, ředkevka

Ex: She sliced radishes into thin rounds and added them to a fresh garden salad .
hemlock
[Podstatné jméno]

a tall evergreen tree with fine-grained wood, valued for construction and known for its dense foliage

jedlovec, smrk

jedlovec, smrk

Ex: Foresters hemlock stands to maintain biodiversity and sustainable logging practices .
legume
[Podstatné jméno]

any type of plant whose pods contain seeds, such as peas and beans

luštěnina, bob

luštěnina, bob

Ex: The dietitian recommended incorporating legumes into their meals for added protein and fiber .
purslane
[Podstatné jméno]

a succulent herb with fleshy leaves, commonly used in salads and culinary dishes

purslane, prostředník

purslane, prostředník

Ex: They bought a bunch purslane from the farmer 's market and used it as a garnish for their soup .
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