剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度） - 批评与审查

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to admonish

[动词]

to give criticism or a warning to someone for doing something that is wrong

告诫, 训诫

Ex: The coach admonished the player for unsportsmanlike behavior on the field .教练**训斥**了球员在场上不体育道德的行为。

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to berate

[动词]

to criticize someone angrily and harshly

责骂, 训斥

Ex: The teacher berated the students for their disruptive behavior in the classroom .老师因学生在课堂上的破坏性行为而**责骂**了他们。

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to chasten

[动词]

to strongly criticize or rebuke someone for their actions

斥责, 责备

Ex: He was publicly chastened for his offensive remarks .他因自己的冒犯性言论而受到公开**惩戒**。

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to chide

[动词]

to express mild disapproval, often in a gentle or corrective manner

责备, 斥责

Ex: The coach chided the team for their lack of teamwork during the crucial match .教练**责备**球队在关键比赛中缺乏团队合作。

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to denigrate

[动词]

to intentionally make harmful statements to damage a person or thing's worth or reputation

诋毁, 诽谤

Ex: Rather than offering constructive criticism , the critic chose to denigrate the artist , questioning their talent and integrity .批评者没有提供建设性的批评，而是选择**诋毁**艺术家，质疑他们的才华和正直。

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to deride

[动词]

to insult or make fun of someone as if they are stupid or worthless

嘲笑, 讥讽

Ex: He derides anyone who disagrees with his opinion on social media .他在社交媒体上**嘲弄**任何不同意他观点的人。

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to disparage

[动词]

to speak negatively about someone, often shaming them

贬低, 诋毁

Ex: It is important that we not disparage others based on superficial judgments .重要的是，我们不要基于肤浅的判断**贬低**他人。

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to fulminate

[动词]

to strongly criticize or condemn

猛烈抨击, 严厉谴责

Ex: The politician fulminated against the opposition party , accusing them of spreading lies and misinformation .这位政客猛烈抨击反对党，指责他们散布谎言和错误信息。

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to inveigh

[动词]

to complain or speak against something forcefully and bitterly

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to lambaste

[动词]

to criticize or reprimand severely and publicly

严厉批评, 公开谴责

Ex: By the time they apologized , the public had already lambasted the company for its insensitive advertisement .当他们道歉时，公众已经因为其不敏感的广告而**严厉批评**了公司。

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to malign

[动词]

to say bad and untrue things about someone, typically to damage their reputation

诽谤, 中伤

Ex: Tabloid journalists routinely malign celebrities to sell more papers .小报记者经常**诽谤**名人以卖出更多报纸。

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to rail

[动词]

to strongly and angrily criticize or complain about something

猛烈批评, 苦涩地抱怨

Ex: The parent did n't hesitate to rail at the school administration for their handling of a bullying incident .家长毫不犹豫地**猛烈抨击**学校管理层对欺凌事件的处理方式。

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to reproach

[动词]

to blame someone for a mistake they made

责备, 指责

Ex: The mother reproached her child for the rude behavior towards a classmate .母亲**责备**她的孩子对同学粗鲁的行为。

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to deprecate

[动词]

to not support and be against something or someone

反对, 不赞成

Ex: The community leaders deprecated the rise of hate speech and discrimination , calling for unity and tolerance instead .社区领袖**谴责**了仇恨言论和歧视的上升，呼吁团结和宽容。

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to flay

[动词]

to criticize someone severely, often in public

批评, 抨击

Ex: The journalist flayed the mayor's policy in a scathing editorial.**剥皮** 记者在一篇尖锐的社论中剥了市长政策的皮。

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to excoriate

[动词]

to severely condemn through a harsh verbal criticism or attack

严厉谴责, 猛烈抨击

Ex: By the end of the debate , he will have excoriated his opponent ’s arguments thoroughly .在辩论结束时，他会彻底**痛斥**对手的论点。

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to lampoon

[动词]

to criticize or joke about someone or something in public

讽刺, 嘲笑

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to scoff

[动词]

to mock with contempt

嘲笑, 讥笑

Ex: When the teacher introduces a new teaching method , a few skeptical students scoff at the idea .孩子们**嘲笑**了那个愚蠢的谣言。

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to vilify

[动词]

to spread bad and awful commentaries about someone in order to damage their reputation

诽谤, 诋毁

Ex: It is essential that journalists not vilify individuals without verified evidence .记者在没有经过验证的证据的情况下不**诽谤**个人是至关重要的。

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aspersion

[名词]

the act of damaging a person's character or reputation

诽谤, 中伤

Ex: Politicians should address issues rather than casting aspersions on their opponents .他们对委员会的诚信发起了**诽谤**。

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altercation

[名词]

a noisy dispute

争吵, 喧闹的争执

Ex: The manager intervened to break up the altercation among the employees .经理介入以平息员工之间的**争吵**。

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animadversion

[名词]

a critical remark

批评性评论, 批评

Ex: Despite the animadversion, he remained confident in his work .尽管有**批评**，他仍然对自己的工作充满信心。

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anathema

[名词]

a formal church curse officially excluding a person from a religious community

绝罚, 革除教籍

Ex: The bishop 's letter of anathema was read aloud to the congregation .主教的**绝罚**信被大声读给会众听。

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calumny

[名词]

a false statement meant to misrepresent someone

诽谤, 诋毁

Ex: Despite being innocent , the calumny against him caused irreparable harm to his standing in the community .记者们小心避免发布**诽谤**。

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castigation

[名词]

the act of inflicting a penalty or other form of punishment

惩罚, 处罚

Ex: The judge believed leniency would be better than harsh castigation.法官相信宽大处理会比严厉的**惩罚**更好。

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diatribe

[名词]

a harsh and severe criticism or verbal attack that is aimed toward a person or thing

抨击, 严厉的批评

Ex: The speech turned into a diatribe against the opposition party .演讲变成了对反对党的**猛烈抨击**。

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harangue

[名词]

a loud, forceful, and emotional speech or lecture, intended to persuade or criticize

激昂的演说, 激烈的长篇大论

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homily

[名词]

a short moral lecture, offering advice on behavior

讲道, 训诫

Ex: She found the weekly homilies filled with wisdom and insight into applying faith to daily life .他的演讲更像是一篇**布道**，而不是正式的讲座。

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imprecation

[名词]

the act of speaking a curse or wish for harm to come to someone, often as an insult or expression of anger

诅咒, 咒骂

Ex: The old book contained imprecations meant to bring misfortune to foes .那本旧书包含了旨在给敌人带来不幸的**诅咒**。

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catcall

[名词]

a shout expressing disapproval, made at a public event or performance

嘘声, 喝倒彩

Ex: The audience responded with catcalls to the comedian 's offensive joke .观众对喜剧演员冒犯性的笑话报以 **嘘声**。

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invective

[名词]

the usage of abusive, insulting, and rude language when one is extremely angry

谩骂, 辱骂

Ex: She responded to the criticism with invective rather than reason.她对批评的回应是**谩骂**而非理性。

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tirade

[名词]

a lengthy speech that uses harsh and angry language and intends to condemn or criticize

长篇激烈的演说

Ex: She was left speechless after his angry tirade about the recent changes .在他对最近变化的愤怒**长篇大论**之后，她无言以对。

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stricture

[名词]

a severe criticism of something or someone

严厉的批评, 谴责

Ex: They will likely issue a formal stricture against the company for its unethical practices .他们可能会因为公司的不道德行为而发出正式的**谴责**。

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polemic

[名词]

a speech or piece of writing that strongly criticizes someone or something

论战, 争论

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vituperation

[名词]

a type of criticism or insult that is hurtful and angry

谩骂, 辱骂

Ex: They had endured months of vituperation from the community over their project .因为他们的项目，他们忍受了社区数月的**谩骂**。

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askance

[副词]

in a way that shows doubt, suspicion, or disapproval

怀疑地, 不信任地

Ex: The proposal was met askance by environmental groups.该提案被环保组织**怀疑地**接受了。

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captious

[形容词]

tending to raise petty objections

吹毛求疵的, 挑剔的

Ex: Captious comments from the audience disrupted the speaker .观众**吹毛求疵**的评论打断了演讲者。

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censorious

[形容词]

(of one's behavior) severely criticizing and disapproving

吹毛求疵的, 严厉批评的

Ex: In the book club , the censorious member consistently found fault with the chosen novels , making discussions less enjoyable .在读书俱乐部中，**爱挑剔的**成员总是对选中的小说吹毛求疵，使得讨论变得不那么愉快。

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incredulous

[形容词]

unwilling or unable to believe something

怀疑的, 不轻信的

Ex: He was incredulous that the team had won against all odds .他对球队克服万难获胜感到**难以置信**。

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剑桥英语：CPE（C2 熟练度）

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