Insight - Upper-intermediate - Unit 10 - 10A

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 10 - 10A in the Insight Upper-Intermediate coursebook, such as "communal", "ethnic", "distribution", etc.

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communal

[Adjective]

belonging to or shared by a group of people and not only individuals

Ex: The village built a communal garden for everyone to use.

freeloader

[noun]

a person who habitually takes advantage of others' generosity without offering anything in return

Ex: She's tired of being taken advantage of by that freeloader who never contributes anything.

democratically

[Adverb]

in a manner that is based on principles of democracy

Ex: In a democratically elected government, leaders are chosen through free and fair elections.

egalitarian

[Adjective]

supporting the notion that all humans are equal and should be given equal rights

Ex: The community strives to maintain an egalitarian society where all members have equal rights and opportunities.

to wear the trousers

[phrase]

to be the one who makes important decisions and fully controls a relationship or family

Ex: In their marriage, she clearly wears the trousers.

collateral

[noun]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

Ex: When securing a loan, the bank often requires borrowers to provide collateral, such as real estate or vehicles, to mitigate the risk of default.

momentum

[noun]

the force or energy that propels a process, idea, or endeavor, enabling it to continue moving, progressing, or gaining strength

Ex: The campaign gained momentum after the first success.

law enforcement

[noun]

the activities carried out by individuals or organizations in ensuring that laws are obeyed, and offenders are brought to justice

Ex: The city increased funding for law enforcement.

ethnic

[Adjective]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

Ex: The neighborhood celebrates its diverse ethnic heritage with cultural festivals and events.

diversity

[noun]

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

Ex: The museum's art collection showcased the diversity of human creativity, featuring works from numerous cultures and time periods.

minority

[noun]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations.

right

[noun]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

Ex: Everyone has the right to free speech.

civic

[Adjective]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

Ex: Civic leaders met to discuss plans for improving public infrastructure in the city.

engagement

[noun]

an agreement between two people to get married or the duration of this agreement

Ex: They announced their engagement at a family gathering.

distribution

[noun]

the action of spreading, allocating, or apportioning something among recipients

Ex: The distribution of food aid was managed by the local council.

wealth

[noun]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

common good

[noun]

the benefit or welfare of all members of a community or society, rather than the interests of a single individual or group

Ex: Laws should be made for the common good.

majority rule

[noun]

a decision-making system in which the option that receives more than half of the votes is considered the winning option

Ex: Democracy is based on the concept of majority rule.

social

[Adjective]

related to society and the lives of its citizens in general

Ex: The government implemented social programs to support vulnerable populations.

responsibility

[noun]

the obligation to perform a particular duty or task that is assigned to one

Ex: She accepted the responsibility of leading the project team.

equal opportunity

[noun]

the principle that everyone should have an equal chance to succeed or access certain opportunities, regardless of their race, gender, age, religion, etc.

Ex: The company promotes equal opportunity in hiring.

extreme

[Adjective]

very high in intensity or degree

Ex: The hikers faced extreme weather conditions during their ascent, including freezing temperatures and high winds.

mainstream

[noun]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

Ex: Despite her unconventional ideas, she managed to gain acceptance in the mainstream over time.

reactionary

[Adjective]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

Ex: His reactionary views made him oppose all modern reforms.

secular

[Adjective]

not concerned or connected with religion

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs.

alternative

[noun]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

Ex: We need to find an alternative if this plan doesn't work.

class-based

[Adjective]

(of a system) organized or structured according to social or economic classes, where individuals are grouped based on their social status, income level, or occupation

Ex: The country’s class-based education system often limits opportunities for students from lower-income families.

moderate

[Adjective]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

Ex: She holds moderate views on economic policy, advocating for balanced approaches.

private

[Adjective]

used by or belonging to only a particular individual, group, institution, etc.

Ex: She keeps her private thoughts and feelings to herself.

radical

[Adjective]

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

Ex: The scientist proposed a radical theory that challenged established beliefs.

spiritual

[Adjective]

relating to or connected with the soul or spirit

Ex: Meditation can foster spiritual growth.

Insight - Upper-intermediate
Vocabulary Insight 9	Unit 10 - 10A	Unit 10 - 10C	Unit 10 - 10D
Unit 10 - 10E	Vocabulary Insight 10

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