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Aklat Insight - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 10 - 10A

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 10 - 10A sa Insight Upper-Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng "communal", "ethnic", "distribution", atbp.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Insight - Upper-intermediate
communal
communal
[pang-uri]

belonging to or shared by a group of people and not only individuals

pangkomunidad, pangkolektibo

pangkomunidad, pangkolektibo

Ex: The village built a communal garden for everyone to use. 

Ang nayon ay nagtayo ng isang pangkomunidad na hardin para magamit ng lahat.

freeloader
freeloader
[Pangngalan]

a person who habitually takes advantage of others' generosity without offering anything in return

patay-gutom, palamunin

patay-gutom, palamunin

Ex: She's tired of being taken advantage of by that freeloader who never contributes anything. 
democratically
democratically
[pang-abay]

in a manner that is based on principles of democracy

sa paraang demokratiko

sa paraang demokratiko

Ex: In a democratically elected government, leaders are chosen through free and fair elections. 

Sa isang pamahalaang nahalal nang demokratiko, ang mga pinuno ay pinipili sa pamamagitan ng malaya at patas na halalan.

egalitarian
egalitarian
[pang-uri]

supporting the notion that all humans are equal and should be given equal rights

egalitaryan

egalitaryan

Ex: The community strives to maintain an egalitarian society where all members have equal rights and opportunities. 

Ang komunidad ay nagsisikap na mapanatili ang isang egalitaryan na lipunan kung saan ang lahat ng miyembro ay may pantay na karapatan at oportunidad.

to [wear] the trousers

to be the one who makes important decisions and fully controls a relationship or family

Ex: In their marriage, she clearly wears the trousers. 
collateral
collateral
[Pangngalan]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

garantiya,  sangla

garantiya, sangla

Ex: When securing a loan, the bank often requires borrowers to provide collateral, such as real estate or vehicles, to mitigate the risk of default. 

Kapag nagsisiguro ng pautang, madalas na hinihiling ng bangko na magbigay ang mga nanghihiram ng sangla, tulad ng real estate o mga sasakyan, upang mabawasan ang panganib ng default.

momentum
momentum
[Pangngalan]

the force or energy that propels a process, idea, or endeavor, enabling it to continue moving, progressing, or gaining strength

momentum, sigla

momentum, sigla

Ex: The campaign gained momentum after the first success. 

Ang kampanya ay nakakuha ng momentum pagkatapos ng unang tagumpay.

law enforcement
law enforcement
[Pangngalan]

the activities carried out by individuals or organizations in ensuring that laws are obeyed, and offenders are brought to justice

pagpapatupad ng batas, pagpapatupad ng mga batas

pagpapatupad ng batas, pagpapatupad ng mga batas

Ex: The city increased funding for law enforcement. 

Dagdag ang pondo ng lungsod para sa pagpapatupad ng batas.

ethnic
ethnic
[pang-uri]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

etniko

etniko

Ex: The neighborhood celebrates its diverse ethnic heritage with cultural festivals and events. 

Ang kapitbahayan ay ipinagdiriwang ang kanyang magkakaibang etniko na pamana sa mga pista at kaganapang pangkultura.

diversity
diversity
[Pangngalan]

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

pagkakaiba-iba

pagkakaiba-iba

Ex: The museum's art collection showcased the diversity of human creativity, featuring works from numerous cultures and time periods. 

Ang koleksyon ng sining ng museo ay nagpakita ng pagkakaiba-iba ng pagkamalikhain ng tao, na nagtatampok ng mga gawa mula sa maraming kultura at panahon.

minority
minority
[Pangngalan]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorya

minorya

Ex: The festival celebrated the traditions of local minority populations. 

Ipinagdiwang ng festival ang mga tradisyon ng mga lokal na populasyon na minority.

right
right
[Pangngalan]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

karapatan, pribilehiyo

karapatan, pribilehiyo

Ex: Human rights include the right to life, liberty, and security. 

Kabilang sa mga karapatang pantao ang karapatan sa buhay, kalayaan, at seguridad.

civic
civic
[pang-uri]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

sibiko, panglungsod

sibiko, panglungsod

Ex: Civic leaders met to discuss plans for improving public infrastructure in the city. 

Nagkita-kita ang mga lider sibiko upang talakayin ang mga plano para sa pagpapabuti ng pampublikong imprastraktura sa lungsod.

engagement
engagement
[Pangngalan]

an agreement between two people to get married or the duration of this agreement

kasunduan, pakikipagkasundo

kasunduan, pakikipagkasundo

Ex: They announced their engagement at a family gathering. 

Inanunsyo nila ang kanilang engagement sa isang family gathering.

distribution
distribution
[Pangngalan]

the action of spreading, allocating, or apportioning something among recipients

pamamahagi, pamamahaging

pamamahagi, pamamahaging

Ex: The distribution of food aid was managed by the local council. 

Ang pamamahagi ng tulong na pagkain ay pinamahalaan ng lokal na konseho.

wealth
wealth
[Pangngalan]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

kayamanan, yaman

kayamanan, yaman

Ex: Her wealth comes from a diversified portfolio of stocks and real estate. 
common good
common good
[Pangngalan]

the benefit or welfare of all members of a community or society, rather than the interests of a single individual or group

kabutihan ng lahat, pangkalahatang kapakanan

kabutihan ng lahat, pangkalahatang kapakanan

Ex: Laws should be made for the common good. 

Ang mga batas ay dapat gawin para sa kabutihang panlahat.

majority rule
majority rule
[Pangngalan]

a decision-making system in which the option that receives more than half of the votes is considered the winning option

tuntunin ng mayorya, prinsipyo ng mayorya

tuntunin ng mayorya, prinsipyo ng mayorya

Ex: Democracy is based on the concept of majority rule. 

Ang demokrasya ay batay sa konsepto ng pamumuno ng mayorya.

social
social
[pang-uri]

related to society and the lives of its citizens in general

panlipunan

panlipunan

Ex: The government implemented social programs to support vulnerable populations. 

Nagpatupad ang pamahalaan ng mga programa na panlipunan upang suportahan ang mga mahihinang populasyon.

responsibility
responsibility
[Pangngalan]

the obligation to perform a particular duty or task that is assigned to one

responsibilidad, obligasyon

responsibilidad, obligasyon

Ex: She accepted the responsibility of leading the project team. 

Tinanggap niya ang responsibilidad ng pamumuno sa koponan ng proyekto.

equal opportunity
equal opportunity
[Pangngalan]

the principle that everyone should have an equal chance to succeed or access certain opportunities, regardless of their race, gender, age, religion, etc.

pantay na pagkakataon, pagkakataong pantay

pantay na pagkakataon, pagkakataong pantay

Ex: The company promotes equal opportunity in hiring. 

Ang kumpanya ay nagtataguyod ng pantay na oportunidad sa pagkuha ng empleyado.

extreme
extreme
[pang-uri]

very high in intensity or degree

matinding, masidhi

matinding, masidhi

Ex: The hikers faced extreme weather conditions during their ascent, including freezing temperatures and high winds. 

Ang mga manlalakbay ay nakaranas ng matinding mga kondisyon ng panahon sa kanilang pag-akyat, kabilang ang nagyeyelong temperatura at malakas na hangin.

mainstream
mainstream
[Pangngalan]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

pangunahing daloy, karaniwang tanggap

pangunahing daloy, karaniwang tanggap

Ex: His views are far from the mainstream, often sparking controversy. 

Ang kanyang mga pananaw ay malayo sa pangunahing daloy, madalas na nagdudulot ng kontrobersya.

reactionary
reactionary
[pang-uri]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

Ex: His reactionary views made him oppose all modern reforms. 

Ang kanyang reaksyonaryo na pananaw ang nagtulak sa kanya upang tutulan ang lahat ng modernong reporma.

secular
secular
[pang-uri]

not concerned or connected with religion

sekular, hindi relihiyoso

sekular, hindi relihiyoso

Ex: The school is secular, meaning it does not promote any specific religious beliefs. 

Ang paaralan ay sekular, na nangangahulugang hindi ito nagtataguyod ng anumang partikular na paniniwalang panrelihiyon.

alternative
alternative
[Pangngalan]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

alternatibo,  opsyon

alternatibo, opsyon

Ex: We need to find an alternative if this plan doesn't work. 

Kailangan nating humanap ng alternatibo kung hindi gagana ang planong ito.

class-based
class-based
[pang-uri]

(of a system) organized or structured according to social or economic classes, where individuals are grouped based on their social status, income level, or occupation

batay sa uri, nakaayon sa uri

batay sa uri, nakaayon sa uri

Ex: The country’s class-based education system often limits opportunities for students from lower-income families. 

Ang batay sa uri na sistema ng edukasyon ng bansa ay madalas na naglilimita sa mga oportunidad para sa mga mag-aaral mula sa mga pamilyang may mababang kita.

moderate
moderate
[pang-uri]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

katamtaman, moderado

katamtaman, moderado

Ex: The company's new CEO is expected to pursue a moderate strategy of growth and expansion. 

Inaasahan na ang bagong CEO ng kumpanya ay magsusulong ng isang katamtaman na estratehiya ng paglago at pagpapalawak.

private
private
[pang-uri]

used by or belonging to only a particular individual, group, institution, etc.

pribado, personal

pribado, personal

Ex: They rented a private cabin for their vacation in the mountains. 

Umarkila sila ng isang pribadong cabin para sa kanilang bakasyon sa bundok.

radical
radical
[pang-uri]

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

radikal, rebolusyonaryo

radikal, rebolusyonaryo

Ex: The scientist proposed a radical theory that challenged established beliefs. 

Ang siyentipiko ay nagpanukala ng isang radikal na teorya na humamon sa itinatag na paniniwala.

spiritual
spiritual
[pang-uri]

relating to or connected with the soul or spirit

ispiritwal, pangkaluluwa

ispiritwal, pangkaluluwa

Ex: Meditation can foster spiritual growth. 

Ang meditasyon ay maaaring magtaguyod ng paglago ispiritwal.

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