Aklat Insight - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 10 - 10A

Dito mo makikita ang bokabularyo mula sa Unit 10 - 10A sa Insight Upper-Intermediate coursebook, tulad ng "communal", "ethnic", "distribution", atbp.

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communal

[pang-uri]

belonging to or shared by a group of people and not only individuals

pangkomunidad, pangkolektibo

Ex: The tribe followed communal traditions passed down for generations .Ang tribo ay sumunod sa mga tradisyong **pangkomunidad** na ipinasa sa mga henerasyon.

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freeloader

[Pangngalan]

a person who habitually takes advantage of others' generosity without offering anything in return

patay-gutom, palamunin

Ex: Despite contributing nothing to the household expenses , he always managed to be the first in line for dinner , earning himself the title of the family freeloader.Sa kabila ng hindi pag-ambag sa mga gastusin sa bahay, palagi siyang nakauna sa pila para sa hapunan, na nagtamo sa kanya ng titulong **palamunin** ng pamilya.

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democratically

[pang-abay]

in a manner that is based on principles of democracy

sa paraang demokratiko

Ex: Laws and regulations are enacted democratically through the legislative process .Ang mga batas at regulasyon ay ipinapatupad **demokratiko** sa pamamagitan ng prosesong lehislatibo.

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egalitarian

[pang-uri]

supporting the notion that all humans are equal and should be given equal rights

egalitaryan

Ex: Egalitarian values are fundamental to democracy , ensuring that every voice is heard and every person is valued .Ang mga halagang **pantay-pantay** ay pangunahing sa demokrasya, tinitiyak na ang bawat tinig ay naririnig at ang bawat tao ay pinahahalagahan.

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to wear the trousers

[Parirala]

to be the one who makes important decisions and fully controls a relationship or family

Ex: Their mother wore the trousers in family matters .

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collateral

[Pangngalan]

a loan guarantee that may be taken away if the loan is not repaid

garantiya, sangla

Ex: The entrepreneur pledged his stock portfolio as collateral to secure the business loan needed to expand his company .Ang negosyante ay nangako ng kanyang stock portfolio bilang **sangla** upang matiyak ang negosyo na pautang na kailangan para palawakin ang kanyang kumpanya.

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momentum

[Pangngalan]

the force or energy that propels a process, idea, or endeavor, enabling it to continue moving, progressing, or gaining strength

momentum, sigla

Ex: Economic momentum depends on market stability .Ang **momentum** ng ekonomiya ay nakadepende sa katatagan ng merkado.

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law enforcement

[Pangngalan]

the activities carried out by individuals or organizations in ensuring that laws are obeyed, and offenders are brought to justice

pagpapatupad ng batas, pagpapatupad ng mga batas

Ex: Law enforcement agencies work to prevent crime.Ang mga ahensya ng **pagpapatupad ng batas** ay nagtatrabaho upang maiwasan ang krimen.

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ethnic

[pang-uri]

relating to a group of people with shared culture, tradition, history, language, etc.

etniko

Ex: Ethnic music and dance performances entertain audiences with their rhythmic beats and expressive movements.Ang mga pagtatanghal ng **etniko** na musika at sayaw ay nag-e-entertain sa mga manonood sa kanilang makahulugang mga kilos at ritmikong tunog.

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diversity

[Pangngalan]

the presence of a variety of distinct characteristics within a group

pagkakaiba-iba

Ex: The city 's culinary scene is known for its diversity, offering a variety of cuisines from different countries .Ang culinary scene ng lungsod ay kilala sa **pagkakaiba-iba** nito, na nag-aalok ng iba't ibang lutuin mula sa iba't ibang bansa.

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minority

[Pangngalan]

a small group of people who differ in race, religion, etc. and are often mistreated by the society

minorya

Ex: He is researching the history of minority communities in the area .Siya ay nag-aaral sa kasaysayan ng mga komunidad ng **minorya** sa lugar.

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right

[Pangngalan]

a thing that someone is legally, officially, or morally allowed to do or have

karapatan, pribilehiyo

Ex: Human rights include the right to life, liberty, and security.Kabilang sa mga karapatang pantao ang **karapatan** sa buhay, kalayaan, at seguridad.

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civic

[pang-uri]

officially relating to or connected with a city or town

sibiko, panglungsod

Ex: She volunteers for various civic projects .Nagboluntaryo siya para sa iba't ibang proyektong **pansibiko**.

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engagement

[Pangngalan]

an agreement between two people to get married or the duration of this agreement

kasunduan, pakikipagkasundo

Ex: They decided to delay the engagement party until after the holidays .Nagpasya silang ipagpaliban ang party ng **engagement** hanggang pagkatapos ng mga bakasyon.

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distribution

[Pangngalan]

the act of giving a share of something to a group of people in an organized way

pamamahagi, pamahagi

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wealth

[Pangngalan]

abundance of money, property or valuable possessions

kayamanan, yaman

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common good

[Pangngalan]

the benefit or welfare of all members of a community or society, rather than the interests of a single individual or group

kabutihan ng lahat, pangkalahatang kapakanan

Ex: The mayor ’s decision prioritized the common good over profits .Ang desisyon ng alkalde ay nagbigay-prayoridad sa **kabutihang panlahat** kaysa sa kita.

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majority rule

[Pangngalan]

a decision-making system in which the option that receives more than half of the votes is considered the winning option

tuntunin ng mayorya, prinsipyo ng mayorya

Ex: Some argue that majority rule can ignore minority rights .Ang ilan ay nagtatalo na ang **pamumuno ng mayorya** ay maaaring balewalain ang mga karapatan ng minorya.

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social

[pang-uri]

related to society and the lives of its citizens in general

panlipunan

Ex: Economic factors can impact social mobility and access to opportunities within society .Ang mga salik na pang-ekonomiya ay maaaring makaapekto sa **panlipunang** paggalaw at access sa mga oportunidad sa loob ng lipunan.

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responsibility

[Pangngalan]

the obligation to perform a particular duty or task that is assigned to one

responsibilidad, obligasyon

Ex: Parents have the responsibility of providing a safe and nurturing environment for their children .Ang mga magulang ay may **responsibilidad** na magbigay ng ligtas at mapag-arugang kapaligiran para sa kanilang mga anak.

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equal opportunity

[Pangngalan]

the principle that everyone should have an equal chance to succeed or access certain opportunities, regardless of their race, gender, age, religion, etc.

pantay na pagkakataon, pagkakataong pantay

Ex: True progress comes from ensuring equal opportunity for all .Ang tunay na pag-unlad ay nagmumula sa pagtiyak ng **pantay na oportunidad** para sa lahat.

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extreme

[pang-uri]

very high in intensity or degree

matinding, masidhi

Ex: The movie depicted extreme acts of courage and heroism in the face of adversity .Ang pelikula ay naglarawan ng **matinding** mga gawa ng katapangan at kabayanihan sa harap ng kahirapan.

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mainstream

[Pangngalan]

the opinions, activities, or methods that are considered normal because they are accepted by a majority of people

pangunahing daloy, karaniwang tanggap

Ex: His views were considered outside the mainstream of political thought .Ang kanyang mga pananaw ay itinuturing na nasa labas ng **pangunahing daloy** ng kaisipang pampulitika.

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reactionary

[pang-uri]

strongly against any political or social changes or any new ideas

reaksyonaryo, konserbatibo

Ex: She found the reactionary policies to be out of touch with current needs .Nakita niya na ang mga patakarang **reaksyonaryo** ay walang kinalaman sa kasalukuyang pangangailangan.

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secular

[pang-uri]

not concerned or connected with religion

sekular, hindi relihiyoso

Ex: Secular organizations advocate for the separation of church and state in public affairs .

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alternative

[Pangngalan]

any of the available possibilities that one can choose from

alternatibo, opsyon

Ex: When the restaurant was full , we had to consider an alternative for dinner .Nang puno ang restawran, kailangan naming isaalang-alang ang isang **alternatibo** para sa hapunan.

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class-based

[pang-uri]

(of a system) organized or structured according to social or economic classes, where individuals are grouped based on their social status, income level, or occupation

batay sa uri, nakaayon sa uri

Ex: Many social reforms aim to dismantle class-based barriers that prevent equal access to resources .Maraming repormang panlipunan ang naglalayong buwagin ang mga hadlang **na nakabatay sa uri** na pumipigil sa pantay na pag-access sa mga mapagkukunan.

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moderate

[pang-uri]

(of a person or ideology) not extreme or radical and considered reasonable by a majority of people

katamtaman, moderado

Ex: She is a moderate person who listens to all sides before making decisions .Siya ay isang **katamtaman** na tao na nakikinig sa lahat ng panig bago gumawa ng desisyon.

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private

[pang-uri]

used by or belonging to only a particular individual, group, institution, etc.

pribado, personal

Ex: They rented a private cabin for their vacation in the mountains .Umarkila sila ng isang **pribadong** cabin para sa kanilang bakasyon sa bundok.

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radical

[pang-uri]

(of actions, ideas, etc.) very new and different from the norm

radikal, rebolusyonaryo

Ex: She took a radical step by quitting her job to travel the world .Gumawa siya ng **radikal** na hakbang sa pamamagitan ng pag-alis sa kanyang trabaho para maglakbay sa buong mundo.

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spiritual

[pang-uri]

relating to or connected with the human spirit, rather than the body or mind

espirituwal, relihiyoso

Ex: The music had a spiritual quality that moved everyone in the audience deeply .Ang musika ay may **espirituwal** na kalidad na malalim na gumalaw sa bawat isa sa madla.

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Aklat Insight - Itaas na Intermediate - Yunit 10 - 10A