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Certainty and Doubt - Assessment and Speculation

Here you will learn some English words related to assessment and speculation, such as "surmise", "underestimate", and "predict".

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Words Related to Certainty and Doubt
notional
notional
[Adjective]

being solely based on imagination or theory rather that reality

Ex: The notional model of the universe was intriguing but lacked practical application. 
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off the mark
off the mark
[phrase]

wrong and inaccurate

Ex: Bedini and Curzi were probably not far off the mark in their analysis. 
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off the top of {one's} head

from one's memory, without spending time to carefully consider or think

Ex: Off the top of my head, there were about forty people at the meeting. 
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to overrate

to give something or someone more credit than is deserved

Ex: Many people overrate luxury brands, assuming higher prices mean better quality. 
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to predict

to say that something is going to happen before it actually takes place

Ex: The meteorologist predicted rain for the weekend based on weather patterns. 
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prediction

the act of saying what one thinks is going to happen in the future or what the outcome of something will be

Ex: Her prediction about the weather was surprisingly accurate. 
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to [put] two and two together

to evaluate the situation and all its possible outcomes in order to draw a conclusion

Ex: She heard the budget had been frozen and the interviews had been canceled, so she put two and two together and stopped expecting the job. 
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to reappraise

to review someone or something to see whether one's opinion was correct or not

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to reassess

to put something under further consideration or evaluation

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reassessment

the reevaluation someone or reconsideration of one's opinion of something to see whether it needs revising

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to reevaluate

to reconsider something, especially with the intention to make changes or form another opinion about it

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to reexamine

to inspect something in detail, especially to confirm or change the previously held opinion

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to [read] {one's} (mind|thoughts)

to know what another person is thinking

Ex: Tell me what you want—I can't read your mind! 
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re-evaluation

‌the act of reconsidering something, especially with the intention to make changes or form another opinion about it

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re-examination

a process that involves detailed inspection of something, especially to confirm or change the previously held opinion

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to second-guess

to predict or anticipate an event or someone's reaction

Ex: You can't second-guess how the team will react to the new strategy until they try it. 
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(shot|stab) in the dark

an attempt to guess or do something without having sufficient information or knowing the consequences

Ex: I didn't know the answer, so my response was just a shot in the dark. 
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to speculate

to form a theory or opinion about a subject without knowing all the facts

Ex: Observing the unusual behavior, scientists began to speculate about the potential causes of the phenomenon. 
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speculation

the creation of theories or opinions about something with no fact or proof

Ex: The stock market is often influenced by speculation about future trends. 
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speculative
speculative
[Adjective]

according to opinions or guesses instead of facts or evidence

Ex: The article contained speculative theories about the origins of the universe. 
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speculatively

in a way that shows one's decisions are merely based on estimations or personal opinions rather than actual facts

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to surmise

to come to a conclusion without enough evidence

Ex: Unable to find the missing document, he could only surmise that it might have been misplaced. 
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surmise
surmise
[noun]

an idea or conclusion formed on the basis of limited or uncertain evidence

Ex: His surmise about the cause of the accident proved to be correct. 
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to suspect

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

Ex: I suspect he's been lying about where he was last night. 
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to suppose

to think or believe that something is possible or true, without being sure

Ex: I suppose she’ll be at the meeting since she confirmed her attendance earlier. 
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supposition

an idea accepted as true without proof, often used as a basis for reasoning

Ex: The theory rests on the supposition that all particles behave identically. 
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to survey
to survey
[Verb]

to take a closer look at something, especially thoroughly in order to investigate

Ex: The inspector will survey the building to assess its structural integrity. 
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survey
survey
[noun]

a collection of opinions or experiences from a specific group, typically gathered via questions

Ex: The company conducted a survey to measure customer satisfaction. 
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ten out of ten

used to describe something perfect, flawless, or highly impressive

Ex: That cake was ten out of ten, seriously the best I've ever had. 
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to toss
to toss
[Verb]

to make a decision by throwing a coin in the air and guessing which of its sides will be facing upward when it lands

Ex: We couldn't decide who should go first, so we tossed a coin. 
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to underestimate

to regard something or someone as smaller or less important than they really are

Ex: She warned him not to underestimate the challenges of starting a new business from scratch. 
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underestimation

an unfavorable judgment or estimation that is too low

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value judgement

an assessment of the worth or quality of someone or something that is mostly based on personal opinions rather than facts

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warm
warm
[Adjective]

indicating that someone is getting closer to the correct answer or finding a hidden person or object

Ex: During the game of hide-and-seek, the children shouted "warm" whenever their friend got closer to the hiding spot. 
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