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كتاب Total English - فوق المتوسط - الوحدة 5 - المرجع - الجزء 1

هنا ستجد المفردات من الوحدة 5 - مرجع - الجزء 1 في كتاب Total English Upper-Intermediate، مثل "expand"، "stake"، "gamble"، إلخ.

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Total English - Upper-intermediate
to lower
to lower
[فعل]

to reduce something in amount, degree, level, value, strength, or quality

خفض,  قلل

خفض, قلل

Ex: Daniel is trying to lower his monthly expenses. 
contract
contract
[اسم]

an official agreement between two or more sides that states what each of them has to do

عقد

عقد

Ex: The contract between the landlord and tenant specifies the rent and lease duration. 
to expand
to expand
[فعل]

to become something greater in quantity, importance, or size

توسيع, تمديد

توسيع, تمديد

Ex: The business expanded quickly after opening its second store. 
to extend
to extend
[فعل]

to enlarge or lengthen something

يمتد, يُطيل

يمتد, يُطيل

Ex: The artist was extending the canvas to create a larger painting. 
to reduce
to reduce
[فعل]

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

يقلل, يخفض

يقلل, يخفض

Ex: Cutting unnecessary expenses is one way to reduce financial stress. 
to shrink
to shrink
[فعل]

(of clothes or fabric) to become smaller when washed with hot water

ينكمش, يتقلص

ينكمش, يتقلص

Ex: Be careful, or your wool sweater might shrink in the laundry. 

كن حذرًا، وإلا قد ينكمش سترتك الصوفية في الغسيل.

to spread
to spread
[فعل]

to cause something to reach or affect a larger area or group of people

ينشر, يوزع

ينشر, يوزع

Ex: The campaign spread its influence to neighboring cities. 
to stretch
to stretch
[فعل]

to make something longer, looser, or wider, especially by pulling it

تمديد, إطالة

تمديد, إطالة

Ex: The fitness trainer will guide you on how to stretch your muscles properly. 
to risk
to risk
[فعل]

to put someone or something important in a situation where they could be harmed, lost, or destroyed

يخاطر, يعرض للخطر

يخاطر, يعرض للخطر

Ex: Building houses in flood-prone areas may risk property damage. 
gamble
gamble
[اسم]

an act that someone does while knowing that there is a risk but also possible success

مقامرة, مخاطرة محسوبة

مقامرة, مخاطرة محسوبة

Ex: Betting on the unproven player to win the championship was a risky gamble that thrilled the fans when he succeeded. 

المراهنة على اللاعب غير المثبت للفوز بالبطولة كانت مقامرة محفوفة بالمخاطر أثارت إعجاب المشجعين عندما نجح.

opportunity
opportunity
[اسم]

a situation or a chance where doing or achieving something particular becomes possible or easier

فرصة, مناسبة

فرصة, مناسبة

Ex: The job opening at the company seemed like the perfect opportunity for career advancement. 
chance
chance
[اسم]

a possibility arising from favorable circumstances

فرصة, مناسبة

فرصة, مناسبة

Ex: The lucky break gave him a chance at promotion. 
stake
stake
[اسم]

an amount of money invested in a business

حصة, مساهمة

حصة, مساهمة

Ex: He sold his stake in the technology company for a substantial profit after its successful IPO. 
ambition
ambition
[اسم]

something that a person strongly wants to achieve

طموح, أمنية

طموح, أمنية

Ex: Winning the championship was a lifelong ambition for Michael. 
substantial
substantial
[صفة]

significant in amount or degree

هام, كبير

هام, كبير

Ex: The scholarship offered substantial financial assistance to students in need. 

قدمت المنحة مساعدة مالية كبيرة للطلاب المحتاجين.

to put up with

to tolerate something or someone unpleasant, often without complaining

يتحمل, يصبر على

يتحمل, يصبر على

Ex: Teachers put up with the complexities of virtual classrooms to ensure students' education. 

المعلمون يتحملون تعقيدات الفصول الافتراضية لضمان تعليم الطلاب.

to deal with
to deal with
[فعل]

to take the necessary action regarding someone or something specific

يتعامل مع, يتناول

يتعامل مع, يتناول

Ex: As a therapist, she helps individuals deal with emotional challenges and personal growth. 

كمعالجة، فهي تساعد الأفراد على التعامل مع التحديات العاطفية والنمو الشخصي.

to focus
to focus
[فعل]

to pay full attention to someone or something specific

التركيز, ركز

التركيز, ركز

Ex: She focused on studying for the upcoming exam. 
to endure
to endure
[فعل]

to allow the presence or actions of someone or something disliked without interference or complaint

يتحمل, ي tolerate

يتحمل, ي tolerate

Ex: Despite their differences, colleagues must endure each other's working styles for the sake of the team. 
challenge
challenge
[اسم]

a difficult and new task that puts one's skill, ability, and determination to the test

تحد

تحد

Ex: The mountain climb posed a physical and mental challenge for the hikers. 
to battle
to battle
[فعل]

to overcome challenges, defend beliefs, or achieve a difficult thing

قاتل, ناضل

قاتل, ناضل

Ex: Individuals battling addiction require support and resilience to overcome it. 
effort
effort
[اسم]

an attempt to do something, particularly something demanding

جهد

جهد

Ex: His effort to climb the mountain was rewarded with a breathtaking view from the summit. 
campaign
campaign
[اسم]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

حملة

حملة

Ex: The fundraising campaign exceeded its goal, thanks to generous donations from the community. 
white water
white water
[اسم]

the part of water in a river that runs very fast and looks foamy

المياه البيضاء, المياه السريعة

المياه البيضاء, المياه السريعة

Ex: The guide warned them about the strong currents in the white water. 

حذرهم الدليل من التيارات القوية في المياه البيضاء.

rafting
rafting
[اسم]

the practice of using a raft to travel with the flow of a river as a sport or hobby

التجديف, السباحة في النهر باستخدام الطوافة

التجديف, السباحة في النهر باستخدام الطوافة

Ex: Rafting can be dangerous without proper safety gear. 

يمكن أن يكون التجديف خطيرًا دون معدات السلامة المناسبة.

rock climbing

a type of sport in which a person climbs rock surfaces that are very steep

تسلق الصخور, تسلق

تسلق الصخور, تسلق

Ex: The group joined a rock climbing class for beginners. 

انضم المجموعة إلى فصل تسلق الصخور للمبتدئين.

horse riding
horse riding
[اسم]

a sport that involves riders performing specific tasks like jumping over obstacles or showcasing their skills on horseback

ركوب الخيل, رياضة الفروسية

ركوب الخيل, رياضة الفروسية

Ex: He injured his arm during a horse riding competition last year. 

أصاب ذراعه خلال منافسة ركوب الخيل العام الماضي.

off-road
off-road
[صفة]

able to be driven or ridden on rough ground

على الطرق الوعرة, خارج الطريق

على الطرق الوعرة, خارج الطريق

Ex: Off-road racing requires durable and powerful vehicles. 

سباق الطرق الوعرة يتطلب مركبات متينة وقوية.

mountain biking

the activity or sport of riding a mountain bike over rough ground

ركوب الدراجات الجبلية, MTB

ركوب الدراجات الجبلية, MTB

Ex: Beginners often start mountain biking on easier trails. 

غالبًا ما يبدأ المبتدئون في ركوب الدراجات الجبلية على مسارات أسهل.

rugby
rugby
[اسم]

a game played by two teams of thirteen or fifteen players, who kick or carry an oval ball over the other team's line to score points

رغبي

رغبي

Ex: They train for rugby three times a week. 
archery
archery
[اسم]

a martial art and sport that is practiced using arrows and bows

الرماية, فن الرماية

الرماية, فن الرماية

Ex: The camp offers archery lessons for beginners. 

يقدم المخيم دروس الرماية للمبتدئين.

helmet
helmet
[اسم]

a hard hat worn by soldiers, bikers, etc. for protection

خوذة, قبعة صلبة

خوذة, قبعة صلبة

Ex: The astronaut secured her space helmet before stepping onto the launchpad. 

قامت رائدة الفضاء بتأمين خوذتها الفضائية قبل الصعود إلى منصة الإطلاق.

harness
harness
[اسم]

a system of straps worn on the human body to provide support, distribute weight, or secure an object

حِزَام, رِبَاط

حِزَام, رِبَاط

Ex: Construction crews must wear harnesses when on scaffolding. 

يجب على فرق البناء ارتداء أحزمة الأمان عند التواجد على السقالات.

swimsuit
swimsuit
[اسم]

a piece of clothing worn for swimming, especially by women and girls

ملابس السباحة, بدلة السباحة

ملابس السباحة, بدلة السباحة

Ex: She wore her swimsuit to the beach and enjoyed swimming in the ocean. 
wetsuit
wetsuit
[اسم]

a tight-fitting piece of clothing made of rubber that is worn by underwater swimmers to remain warm

بدلة الغوص, ملابس الغوص المطاطية

بدلة الغوص, ملابس الغوص المطاطية

Ex: After a day of snorkeling, she peeled off her wetsuit, feeling exhilarated from her underwater adventures. 

بعد يوم من الغطس بالسنوركل، خلعت بدلة الغوص الخاصة بها، وهي تشعر بالنشوة من مغامراتها تحت الماء.

life jacket
life jacket
[اسم]

a special type of vest worn to help keep a person afloat in water, especially in case of an emergency

سترة النجاة, سترة الطفو

سترة النجاة, سترة الطفو

Ex: He felt much safer in the life jacket as the waves grew stronger. 

شعر بأمان أكبر وهو يرتدي سترة النجاة بينما كانت الأمواج تزداد قوة.

trainer
trainer
[اسم]

a light, comfortable shoe worn for sports, exercise, or casual use

حذاء رياضي,  سنيكر

حذاء رياضي, سنيكر

Ex: These trainers are comfortable enough to wear all day. 
goggles
goggles
[اسم]

a type of eyewear that are designed to protect the eyes from harm

نظارات واقية, نظارات السباحة

نظارات واقية, نظارات السباحة

Ex: The racer’s goggles fogged up during the high-speed motorcycle race. 

ضبابت نظارات المتسابق أثناء سباق الدراجات النارية عالي السرعة.

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