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Total English - Upper-intermediate - Unit 5 - Reference - Part 1

Here you will find the vocabulary from Unit 5 - Reference - Part 1 in the Total English Upper-Intermediate coursebook, such as "expand", "stake", "gamble", etc.

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Total English - Upper-intermediate
to lower
[Verb]

to reduce something in degree, amount, quality, or strength

Ex: The lowered the difficulty of the exam to ensure fairness for all students .
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contract
[noun]

an official agreement between two or more sides that states what each of them has to do

Ex: contract with the client includes deadlines for completing the project milestones .
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to expand
[Verb]

to become something greater in quantity, importance, or size

Ex: Over time , his expanded beyond literature to include philosophy , art , and music .
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to extend
[Verb]

to enlarge or lengthen something

Ex: The city council plans extend the park by adding more green space .
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to reduce
[Verb]

to make something smaller in amount, degree, price, etc.

Ex: The chef suggested using alternative ingredients reduce the calorie content of the dish .
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to shrink
[Verb]

(of clothes or fabric) to become smaller when washed with hot water

Ex: Be careful , or your wool sweater shrink in the laundry .
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to spread
[Verb]

to cause something to reach or affect a larger area or group of people

Ex: The government is working spread access to quality healthcare services to remote regions of the country .
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to make something longer, looser, or wider, especially by pulling it

Ex: stretched the rubber tubing before securing it to the metal frame .
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to risk
[Verb]

to put someone or something important in a situation where they could be harmed, lost, or destroyed

Ex: risked his job by confronting the supervisor about workplace conditions .
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gamble
[noun]

an act that someone does while knowing that there is a risk but also possible success

Ex: Betting on the unproven player to win the championship was a gamble that thrilled the fans when he succeeded .
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a situation or a chance where doing or achieving something particular becomes possible or easier

Ex: Learning a new language opportunities for travel and cultural exchange .
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chance
[noun]

a possibility that something will happen

Ex: There 's a chance we 'll finish the project ahead of schedule if we stay focused .
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stake
[noun]

an amount of money invested in a business

Ex: The family-owned business decided to sell a stake to raise funds for expansion .
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ambition
[noun]

something that is greatly desired

Ex: ambition is to one day climb Mount Everest .
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substantial
[Adjective]

significant in amount or degree

Ex: The scholarship substantial financial assistance to students in need .
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to tolerate something or someone unpleasant, often without complaining

Ex: put up with the complexities of virtual classrooms to ensure students ' education .
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to take the necessary action regarding someone or something specific

Ex: As a therapist , she helps deal with emotional challenges and personal growth .
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to focus
[Verb]

to pay full attention to someone or something specific

Ex: The team focused on finding solutions to the problem .
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to endure
[Verb]

to allow the presence or actions of someone or something disliked without interference or complaint

Ex: Despite their differences , colleagues endure each other 's working styles for the sake of the team .
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challenge
[noun]

a difficult and new task that puts one's skill, ability, and determination to the test

Ex: The puzzle provided a challenge for everyone at the party .
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to battle
[Verb]

to overcome challenges, defend beliefs, or achieve a difficult thing

Ex: Communities battle against environmental issues to preserve their surroundings .
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effort
[noun]

an attempt to do something, particularly something demanding

Ex: The rescue team made effort to locate the missing hikers before nightfall .
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campaign
[noun]

a series of organized activities that are intended to achieve a particular goal

Ex: The campaign was successful in reaching vulnerable populations and preventing the spread of disease .
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the part of water in a river that runs very fast and looks foamy

Ex: The guide warned them about the strong currents in white water.
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rafting
[noun]

the practice of using a raft to travel with the flow of a river as a sport or hobby

Ex: Rafting can be dangerous without proper safety gear.
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a type of sport in which a person climbs rock surfaces that are very steep

Ex: The group joined rock climbing class for beginners .
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a sport that involves riders performing specific tasks like jumping over obstacles or showcasing their skills on horseback

Ex: He injured his arm during horse riding competition last year .
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off-road
[Adjective]

able to be driven or ridden on rough ground

Ex: Off-road racing requires durable and powerful vehicles.
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the activity or sport of riding a mountain bike over rough ground

Ex: Beginners often mountain biking on easier trails .
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rugby
[noun]

a game played by two teams of thirteen or fifteen players, who kick or carry an oval ball over the other team’s line to score points

Ex: We are watching rugby match on TV tonight .
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archery
[noun]

a martial art and sport that is practiced using arrows and bows

Ex: The camp archery lessons for beginners .
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helmet
[noun]

a hard hat worn by soldiers, bikers, etc. for protection

Ex: The astronaut secured her space helmet before stepping onto the launchpad.
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harness
[noun]

a supportive arrangement of straps or bands worn on the body to distribute weight or pressure evenly, provide stability for a body part or function, or secure an object in place

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swimsuit
[noun]

a piece of clothing worn for swimming, especially by women and girls

Ex: She wore swimsuit to the beach and enjoyed swimming in the ocean .
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wetsuit
[noun]

a tight-fitting piece of clothing made of rubber that is worn by underwater swimmers to remain warm

Ex: After a day of snorkeling , she peeled off wetsuit, feeling exhilarated from her underwater adventures .
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a special type of vest worn to help keep a person afloat in water, especially in case of an emergency

Ex: He felt much safer in life jacket as the waves grew stronger .
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trainer
[noun]

a sports shoe with a rubber sole that is worn casually or for doing exercise

Ex: She wore her trainers with jeans for a casual look .
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goggles
[noun]

a type of eyewear that are designed to protect the eyes from harm

Ex: The racergoggles fogged up during the high-speed motorcycle race .
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