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Slovní zásoba pro IELTS Academic (Skóre 6-7) - Law

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s právem, která jsou nezbytná pro zkoušku Academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
amendment
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

návrh změny, doplňující ustanovení

návrh změny, doplňující ustanovení

Ex: The teacher made amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .
legislation
[Podstatné jméno]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

legislativa, zákonodárství

legislativa, zákonodárství

decree
[Podstatné jméno]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

nařízení, dekreta

nařízení, dekreta

Ex: The local mayor issued decree to improve public safety measures .
statute
[Podstatné jméno]

an officially written and established law

statut, zákon

statut, zákon

Ex: Under statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .
litigation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

právní spor, žaloba

právní spor, žaloba

prosecutor
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

prokurátor, státní zástupce

prokurátor, státní zástupce

Ex: As prosecutor, she was responsible for presenting the state 's case in court .
attorney
[Podstatné jméno]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

advokát, právník

advokát, právník

Ex: attorney advised her on the best course of action for the lawsuit .
solicitor
[Podstatné jméno]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

právník, advokát

právník, advokát

Ex: solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly .
plaintiff
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

žalobce, navrhovatel

žalobce, navrhovatel

Ex: During the trial , plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .
defendant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

obžalovaný, žalovaný

obžalovaný, žalovaný

Ex: defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .
conviction
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

odsouzení, rozsudek

odsouzení, rozsudek

Ex: She was shocked by conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .
verdict
[Podstatné jméno]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdikt, rozsudek

verdikt, rozsudek

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .
bail
[Podstatné jméno]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

kauce, záloha

kauce, záloha

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.
jury duty
[Podstatné jméno]

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

soudní porota, služba v porotě

soudní porota, služba v porotě

Ex: Jury duty can be an inconvenience for some individuals , but it is an essential part of our justice system .
probation
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) a specific supervised period of time outside prison granted to a criminal, given they do not break a law during this period

podmíněné propuštění, zkušební doba

podmíněné propuštění, zkušební doba

Ex: The court ordered community service as part of probation requirements for the juvenile offender .
custody
[Podstatné jméno]

the legal right to keep a thing or to take care of a person

opatrovnictví, péče

opatrovnictví, péče

clemency
[Podstatné jméno]

to mercy or leniency shown by a person or authority, typically in granting forgiveness or lessening the severity of a punishment

milosrdenství, změknutí trestu

milosrdenství, změknutí trestu

Ex: The parole board clemency to the inmate , releasing him early for good behavior .
to vindicate
[sloveso]

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

osvobodit, činit nevinným

osvobodit, činit nevinným

Ex: The judge 's vindicated him , confirming his innocence beyond a doubt .
to overrule
[sloveso]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

překročit, zrušit

překročit, zrušit

Ex: In constitutional law , a higher court overrule legislation if it is deemed unconstitutional .
to pass
[sloveso]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

přijmout, schválit

přijmout, schválit

Ex: The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
to intervene
[sloveso]

to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome

zasáhnout, intervenovat

zasáhnout, intervenovat

Ex: The insurance company sought permission intervene, claiming a substantial interest in the resolution of the legal dispute .
to amend
[sloveso]

to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to correct or update it

pozměnit, novelizovat

pozměnit, novelizovat

Ex: The team worked collaboratively amend the contract and include additional terms .
to prosecute
[sloveso]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

stíhat, prosecutovat

stíhat, prosecutovat

Ex: He hired an expert to prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .
to acquit
[sloveso]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

osvobodit, zprostit viny

osvobodit, zprostit viny

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .
to outlaw
[sloveso]

to officially state that something is illegal

zakázat, prohlásit za nelegální

zakázat, prohlásit za nelegální

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .
to validate
[sloveso]

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

ověřit, potvrdit

ověřit, potvrdit

Ex: The prosecutor sought to validate the search warrant used to obtain evidence in the criminal case.
arbitration
[Podstatné jméno]

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitráž, rozhodčí řízení

arbitráž, rozhodčí řízení

Ex: The consumer opted arbitration instead of pursuing a lawsuit against the product manufacturer for damages .
citation
[Podstatné jméno]

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

citace, odkaz

citace, odkaz

Ex: The legal brief submitted to the Supreme Court citations to international treaties relevant to the case 's subject matter .
to waive
[sloveso]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

vzdat se, sejmout (právo)

vzdat se, sejmout (právo)

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