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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Loi

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au droit qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
amendment

a formal change or addition made to a law, constitution, contract, or other legal document

amendement,  modification

amendement, modification

Ex: The constitution was changed through a formal amendment. 
legislation

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

législation

législation

Ex: Parliament passed legislation to improve access to mental health services. 
decree
decree
[nom]

an official order or authoritative decision issued by a ruler, government, or other authority

décret

décret

Ex: The new decree took effect at the beginning of the month. 
statute
statute
[nom]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

loi

loi

Ex: The court ruled that the statute did not apply to this case. 
litigation

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

procès

procès

Ex: Litigation can be lengthy and expensive, especially in civil cases. 

Litige peut être long et coûteux, en particulier dans les affaires civiles.

prosecutor

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

procureur, avocat général

procureur, avocat général

Ex: She worked alongside the police to gather evidence as the lead prosecutor in the case. 

Elle a travaillé aux côtés de la police pour recueillir des preuves en tant que procureur principal dans l'affaire.

attorney

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

avocat, avocate

avocat, avocate

Ex: She consulted an attorney to help with her legal issues regarding the contract. 

Elle a consulté un avocat pour l'aider avec ses problèmes juridiques concernant le contrat.

solicitor

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

notaire

notaire

Ex: The solicitor prepared the legal documents for the case. 
plaintiff

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

plaignant, plaignante

plaignant, plaignante

Ex: As the plaintiff, she was responsible for proving her claims in court. 
defendant

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

défendeur, défenderesse, accusé, accusée

défendeur, défenderesse, accusé, accusée

Ex: The courtroom was packed with spectators eager to hear the defendant's testimony. 
conviction

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

condamnation

condamnation

Ex: Michael appealed his conviction to a higher court. 
verdict
verdict
[nom]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

verdict

verdict

Ex: The court is expected to announce the verdict tomorrow. 
bail
bail
[nom]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

caution

caution

Ex: The accused was unable to afford the bail amount and remained in custody until the court date. 
jury duty

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

devoir de juré, service de juré

devoir de juré, service de juré

Ex: He was excused from jury duty due to his medical condition. 

Il a été exempté du devoir de jury en raison de son état de santé.

probation

a legal arrangement in which a convicted offender is released under specific conditions instead of serving time in prison

sursis avec mise à l'épreuve

sursis avec mise à l'épreuve

Ex: Violating probation conditions can lead to imprisonment. 

Enfreindre les conditions de liberté conditionnelle peut conduire à l'emprisonnement.

custody
custody
[nom]

the legal right and responsibility to care for a child and make decisions concerning them

garde

garde

Ex: Daniel is seeking joint custody of his son. 
clemency

compassion shown by a person in authority, especially by reducing a punishment

clémence, douceur

clémence, douceur

Ex: They appealed for clemency on behalf of the convicted man. 

Ils ont fait appel à la clémence en faveur de l'homme condamné.

to vindicate

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

innocenter

innocenter

Ex: She hopes that the upcoming trial will vindicate her reputation. 

Elle espère que le procès à venir blanchira sa réputation.

to overrule

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

ne pas tenir compte de l'avis de

ne pas tenir compte de l'avis de

Ex: The CEO had the authority to overrule the manager's decision and implement a different strategy. 

Le PDG avait l'autorité pour annuler la décision du manager et mettre en œuvre une stratégie différente.

to pass
to pass
[verbe]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

faire passer, adopter

faire passer, adopter

Ex: Plans to extend the hotel have now been passed. 
to intervene

to enter an existing lawsuit as a third party in order to protect an interest affected by its outcome

intervenir

intervenir

Ex: The court allowed the environmental group to intervene in the case. 
to amend
to amend
[verbe]

to change the wording or provisions of a document, law, agreement, or similar text

modifier,  amender

modifier, amender

Ex: The company amended the contract after negotiations with Sarah. 
to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

intenter une action

intenter une action

Ex: She was asked to prosecute the case, bringing the defendant to trial for fraud. 

On lui a demandé de poursuivre l'affaire, amenant le défendeur à être jugé pour fraude.

to acquit
to acquit
[verbe]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

acquitter

acquitter

Ex: The jury unanimously decided to acquit the defendant due to lack of evidence. 

Le jury a décidé à l'unanimité d'acquitter l'accusé en raison d'un manque de preuves.

to outlaw
to outlaw
[verbe]

to officially state that something is illegal

interdire, proscrire

interdire, proscrire

Ex: In an effort to promote public safety, the city council chose to outlaw the use of fireworks within city limits. 

Dans un effort pour promouvoir la sécurité publique, le conseil municipal a choisi d'interdire l'utilisation des feux d'artifice dans les limites de la ville.

to validate

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

valider, confirmer

valider, confirmer

Ex: The notary public validated the signature on the contract to certify its authenticity. 

Le notaire a validé la signature sur le contrat pour certifier son authenticité.

arbitration

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitrage

arbitrage

Ex: Rather than engaging in lengthy court battles, the parties opted for arbitration to resolve their disagreement swiftly. 

Plutôt que de s'engager dans de longues batailles judiciaires, les parties ont opté pour l'arbitrage pour résoudre leur différend rapidement.

citation

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

citation

citation

Ex: The judge referenced a citation from a statute when rendering the court's decision. 

Le juge a fait référence à une citation d'un statut lors du rendu de la décision du tribunal.

to waive
to waive
[verbe]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

renoncer à

renoncer à

Ex: The company agreed to waive the fee. 

L'entreprise a accepté de renoncer aux frais.

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