Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Law

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au droit qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen académique IELTS.

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amendment

[nom]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

amendement, modification

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .L'enseignant a apporté un **amendement** au programme pour inclure un devoir supplémentaire.

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legislation

[nom]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

législation

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decree

[nom]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

décret

Ex: The local mayor issued a decree to improve public safety measures .Le maire local a émis un **décret** pour améliorer les mesures de sécurité publique.

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statute

[nom]

an officially written and established law

loi

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .En vertu du **statut**, l'entreprise doit fournir une formation annuelle en matière de sécurité aux employés.

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litigation

[nom]

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

procès

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prosecutor

[nom]

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

procureur, avocat général

Ex: As the prosecutor, she was responsible for presenting the state 's case in court .En tant que **procureur**, elle était responsable de présenter l'affaire de l'État devant le tribunal.

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attorney

[nom]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

avocat, avocate

Ex: The attorney advised her on the best course of action for the lawsuit .L'**avocat** lui a conseillé la meilleure ligne de conduite pour le procès.

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solicitor

[nom]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

notaire

Ex: The solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly .Le **solicitor** a clairement expliqué les termes du contrat.

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plaintiff

[nom]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

plaignant, plaignante

Ex: During the trial , the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .Pendant le procès, le **demandeur** a témoigné de l'impact des actions du défendeur.

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defendant

[nom]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

défendeur, défenderesse, accusé, accusée

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .Le **défendeur** est resté calme tout au long du procès, maintenant son innocence malgré les arguments solides de l'accusation.

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conviction

[nom]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

condamnation

Ex: She was shocked by his conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .Elle a été choquée par sa **condamnation**, car il avait toujours maintenu son innocence.

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verdict

[nom]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdict

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .Les médias ont rendu compte du verdict **historique** qui a établi un nouveau précédent en droit pénal.

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bail

[nom]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

caution

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.La famille du suspect s'est rassemblée pour collecter de l'argent pour sa **liberté sous caution**.

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jury duty

[nom]

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

devoir de juré, service de juré

Ex: Jury duty can be an inconvenience for some individuals , but it is an essential part of our justice system .Le **service de jury** peut être une gêne pour certaines personnes, mais c'est une partie essentielle de notre système judiciaire.

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probation

[nom]

(law) a specific supervised period of time outside prison granted to a criminal, given they do not break a law during this period

sursis avec mise à l'épreuve

Ex: The court ordered community service as part of the probation requirements for the juvenile offender .Le tribunal a ordonné un service communautaire dans le cadre des exigences de **liberté conditionnelle** pour le délinquant juvénile.

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custody

[nom]

the legal right to keep a thing or to take care of a person

garde

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clemency

[nom]

compassion shown by a person in authority, especially by reducing a punishment

clémence, douceur

Ex: Clemency can be a powerful tool for justice when used wisely .

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to vindicate

[verbe]

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

innocenter

Ex: The judge 's ruling vindicated him , confirming his innocence beyond a doubt .Le jugement du juge l'a **disculpé**, confirmant son innocence sans aucun doute.

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to overrule

[verbe]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

ne pas tenir compte de l'avis de

Ex: In constitutional law , a higher court can overrule legislation if it is deemed unconstitutional .En droit constitutionnel, une cour supérieure peut **annuler** une législation si elle est jugée inconstitutionnelle.

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to pass

[verbe]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

faire passer, adopter

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies a **adopté** une résolution demandant aux deux pays de reprendre les négociations de paix.

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to intervene

[verbe]

to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome

intervenir, s'interposer

Ex: The insurance company sought permission to intervene, claiming a substantial interest in the resolution of the legal dispute .La compagnie d'assurance a demandé la permission d'**intervenir**, affirmant avoir un intérêt substantiel dans la résolution du litige juridique.

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to amend

[verbe]

to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to correct or update it

modifier, amender

Ex: The team worked collaboratively to amend the contract and include additional terms .L'équipe a travaillé en collaboration pour **modifier** le contrat et inclure des termes supplémentaires.

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to prosecute

[verbe]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

intenter une action

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .Il a engagé un expert pour aider à **poursuivre** l'affaire, en s'assurant que tous les angles juridiques étaient couverts.

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to acquit

[verbe]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

acquitter

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .Le processus d'exonération a finalement conduit à la décision du tribunal de **acquitter** le défendeur de toutes les accusations.

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to outlaw

[verbe]

to officially state that something is illegal

interdire, proscrire

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved to outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .Pour répondre aux préoccupations concernant la vie privée, le gouvernement a décidé d'**interdire** certaines pratiques de surveillance intrusives.

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to validate

[verbe]

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

valider, confirmer

Ex: The prosecutor sought to validate the search warrant used to obtain evidence in the criminal case .Le procureur a cherché à **valider** le mandat de perquisition utilisé pour obtenir des preuves dans l'affaire pénale.

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arbitration

[nom]

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitrage

Ex: The consumer opted for arbitration instead of pursuing a lawsuit against the product manufacturer for damages .Le consommateur a opté pour l'**arbitrage** au lieu de poursuivre un procès contre le fabricant du produit pour des dommages.

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citation

[nom]

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

citation

Ex: The legal brief submitted to the Supreme Court included citations to international treaties relevant to the case 's subject matter .Le mémoire juridique soumis à la Cour suprême comprenait des **citations** de traités internationaux pertinents pour l'objet de l'affaire.

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to waive

[verbe]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

renoncer à

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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7)

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Vocabulaire pour l'IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Law