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Vocabular pentru IELTS Academic (Scor 6-7) - Lege

Aici, vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de Drept care sunt necesare pentru examenul academic IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
amendment
amendment
[substantiv]

a formal change or addition made to a law, constitution, contract, or other legal document

amendament,  modificare

amendament, modificare

Ex: Congress approved an amendment to the existing law. 
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legislation
legislation
[substantiv]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislație, lege

legislație, lege

Ex: Parliament passed legislation to improve access to mental health services. 
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decree
decree
[substantiv]

an official order or authoritative decision issued by a ruler, government, or other authority

decret,  hotărâre

decret, hotărâre

Ex: The king issued a decree requiring the gates to close at sunset. 
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statute
statute
[substantiv]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

statut

statut

Ex: The new statute limits the use of personal data. 
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litigation
litigation
[substantiv]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

litigiu, procedură judiciară

litigiu, procedură judiciară

Ex: The company is involved in litigation over patent rights. 

Compania este implicată într-un litigiu privind drepturile de brevet.

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prosecutor
prosecutor
[substantiv]

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

procuror, acuzator public

procuror, acuzator public

Ex: The prosecutor presented strong evidence in the case against the defendant. 

Procurorul a prezentat dovezi puternice în cazul împotriva inculpatului.

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attorney
attorney
[substantiv]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

avocat, reprezentant legal

avocat, reprezentant legal

Ex: The attorney presented a strong case in court on behalf of his client. 

Avocatul a prezentat un caz puternic în instanță în numele clientului său.

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solicitor
solicitor
[substantiv]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

solicitor, avocat consultant

solicitor, avocat consultant

Ex: The solicitor prepared the legal documents for the case. 
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plaintiff
plaintiff
[substantiv]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

reclamant, pârât

reclamant, pârât

Ex: As the plaintiff, she was responsible for proving her claims in court. 
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defendant
defendant
[substantiv]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

pârât, acuzat

pârât, acuzat

Ex: The courtroom was packed with spectators eager to hear the defendant's testimony. 
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conviction
conviction
[substantiv]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

condamnare

condamnare

Ex: The prosecutor secured a conviction after presenting the new evidence. 
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verdict
verdict
[substantiv]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

verdict,  sentință

verdict, sentință

Ex: The jury returned a guilty verdict. 
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bail
bail
[substantiv]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

cauțiune, eliberare sub cauțiune

cauțiune, eliberare sub cauțiune

Ex: The judge set bail at $10,000 for the defendant's release from jail before the trial. 
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jury duty
jury duty
[substantiv]

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

datoria de jurat, serviciul de jurat

datoria de jurat, serviciul de jurat

Ex: She was summoned for jury duty and had to report to the courthouse for potential selection. 

A fost chemată pentru serviciul de juriu și a trebuit să se prezinte la tribunal pentru o posibilă selecție.

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probation
probation
[substantiv]

a legal arrangement in which a convicted offender is released under specific conditions instead of serving time in prison

eliberare condiționată, perioadă de probă

eliberare condiționată, perioadă de probă

Ex: The judge sentenced him to five years' probation. 

Judecătorul l-a condamnat la cinci ani de eliberare condiționată.

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custody
custody
[substantiv]

the legal right and responsibility to care for a child and make decisions concerning them

custodie,  tutelă

custodie, tutelă

Ex: The court awarded custody of the children to their mother. 
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clemency
clemency
[substantiv]

compassion shown by a person in authority, especially by reducing a punishment

clemență, îndurare

clemență, îndurare

Ex: The president's clemency decision sparked public debate. 

Decizia de clemență a președintelui a stârnit dezbatere publică.

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to vindicate

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

reabilita, achita

reabilita, achita

Ex: The new evidence helped to vindicate him of all the charges. 

Noile dovezi au ajutat la achitarea lui de toate acuzațiile.

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to overrule

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

anula, respinge

anula, respinge

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 

Curtea de apel a decis să anuleze decizia instanței inferioare și să acorde un nou proces.

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to pass
to pass
[verb]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

adopta, aprobă

adopta, aprobă

Ex: The motion was passed by 16 votes to 11. 
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to intervene

to enter an existing lawsuit as a third party in order to protect an interest affected by its outcome

interveni

interveni

Ex: The company sought permission to intervene in the lawsuit. 
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to amend
to amend
[verb]

to change the wording or provisions of a document, law, agreement, or similar text

modifica,  amenda

modifica, amenda

Ex: Congress voted to amend the law the following year. 
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to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

urmări penal, acuzare

urmări penal, acuzare

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[verb]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

achita, declara nevinovat

achita, declara nevinovat

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 

Compania a fost acuzată de nereguli, dar după o anchetă amănunțită, a fost achitată de orice activități ilegale.

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to outlaw
to outlaw
[verb]

to officially state that something is illegal

interzice, declara ilegal

interzice, declara ilegal

Ex: The government decided to outlaw the sale of counterfeit goods to protect consumers. 

Guvernul a decis să interzică vânzarea de bunuri contrafăcute pentru a proteja consumatorii.

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to validate

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

valida, confirma

valida, confirma

Ex: The judge validated the witness's testimony by corroborating it with other evidence presented in the case. 

Judecătorul a validat mărturia martorului coroborând-o cu alte probe prezentate în caz.

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arbitration
arbitration
[substantiv]

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitraj

arbitraj

Ex: The construction contract included a clause requiring arbitration to settle any disputes between the contractor and the client. 

Contractul de construcție includea o clauză care impunea arbitrajul pentru a soluționa orice dispute între antreprenor și client.

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citation
citation
[substantiv]

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

citație

citație

Ex: The attorney provided a citation to a relevant Supreme Court case to support her argument in the brief. 

Avocatul a furnizat o citație dintr-un caz relevant al Curții Supreme pentru a-și susține argumentul în memoriu.

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to waive
to waive
[verb]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

renunța, ceda

renunța, ceda

Ex: He decided to waive his right to a trial. 

A decis să renunțe la dreptul său la un proces.

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