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a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document
修正, 改正
a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament
立法 (りっぽう), 法律 (ほうりつ)
an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country
法令（ほうれい）, 勅令（ちょくれい）
a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law
検察官（けんさつかん）, 検事（けんじ）
(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law
弁護士, 法律家
a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime
被告 (ひこく), 被告人 (ひこくにん)
a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law
有罪判決（ゆうざいはんけつ）, 有罪（ゆうざい）
an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings
評決 (ひょうけつ), 判決 (はんけつ)
an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial
保釈金 (ほしゃくきん), バail
a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law
陪審義務（ばいしんぎむ）, 陪審員の義務（ばいしんいんのぎむ）
(law) a specific supervised period of time outside prison granted to a criminal, given they do not break a law during this period
保護観察（ほごかんさつ）, 試用期間（しようきかん）
to mercy or leniency shown by a person or authority, typically in granting forgiveness or lessening the severity of a punishment
恩恵 (おんけい), 寛大さ (かんだいさ)
to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence
無実を証明する（むじつをしょうめいする）, 名誉を回復する（めいよをかいふくする）
to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision
覆す（くつがえす）, 無効にする（むこうにする）
to make or accept a law by voting or by decree
可決する (かけつする), 成立させる (せいりつさせる)
to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome
介入する, 訴訟に参加する
to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to correct or update it
修正する, 改正する
to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser
起訴する, 告訴する
to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime
無罪を言い渡す (むざいをいいわたす), 無罪放免とする (むざいほうめんとする)
to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action
確認する, 検証する
a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party
仲裁（ちゅうさい）, 調停（ちょうてい）
a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings
引用文献, 裁判例
