Академический IELTS (Уровень 6-7) - Law

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

поправка, изменение

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

законодательство

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

декрет

an officially written and established law

законодательный акт

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

судебный процесс

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

прокурор

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

адвокат

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

юрист

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

истец

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

ответчик

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

признание

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

приговор

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

залог

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

должность присяжного, служба присяжных

(law) a specific supervised period of time outside prison granted to a criminal, given they do not break a law during this period

пробация

the legal right to keep a thing or to take care of a person

опека

to mercy or leniency shown by a person or authority, typically in granting forgiveness or lessening the severity of a punishment

снисходительность

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

оправдывать

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

отменять

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

принимать

to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome

вмешиваться, вступать

to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to correct or update it

вносить изменения, исправлять

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

преследовать в судебном порядке

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

оправдывать

to officially state that something is illegal

объявить вне закона

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

подтверждать, узаконить

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

арбитраж

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

цитата, ссылка

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

отказываться