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Словарный запас для IELTS Academic (Оценка 6-7) - Law

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова, связанные с законом, которые необходимы для академического экзамена IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
amendment
amendment
[существительное]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

поправка, изменение

поправка, изменение

Ex: The proposed amendment to the constitution aims to guarantee equal rights for all citizens. 
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legislation
legislation
[существительное]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

законодательство

законодательство

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
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decree
decree
[существительное]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

декрет

декрет

Ex: The king issued a decree establishing a new tax law. 
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statute
statute
[существительное]

an officially written and established law

законодательный акт

законодательный акт

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
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litigation
litigation
[существительное]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

судебный процесс

судебный процесс

Ex: The company is involved in litigation over patent rights. 
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prosecutor
prosecutor
[существительное]

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

прокурор

прокурор

Ex: The prosecutor presented strong evidence in the case against the defendant. 
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attorney
attorney
[существительное]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

адвокат

адвокат

Ex: The attorney presented a strong case in court on behalf of his client. 
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solicitor
solicitor
[существительное]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

юрист

юрист

Ex: She consulted a solicitor for advice on buying a house. 
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plaintiff
plaintiff
[существительное]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

истец

истец

Ex: The plaintiff presented compelling evidence to support their case. 
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defendant
defendant
[существительное]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

ответчик

ответчик

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
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conviction
conviction
[существительное]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

признание

признание

Ex: The defendant's conviction was based on solid evidence presented during the trial. 
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verdict
verdict
[существительное]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

приговор

приговор

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
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bail
bail
[существительное]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

залог

залог

Ex: The judge set bail at $10,000 for the defendant's release from jail before the trial. 
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jury duty
jury duty
[существительное]

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

обязанность присяжного, служба в присяжных

обязанность присяжного, служба в присяжных

Ex: She was summoned for jury duty and had to report to the courthouse for potential selection. 
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probation
probation
[существительное]

a legal arrangement in which a convicted offender is released under specific conditions instead of serving time in prison

пробация

пробация

Ex: The judge sentenced him to five years' probation. 
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custody
custody
[существительное]

the legal right or responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a child, especially after a divorce or separation

опека

опека

Ex: The court awarded full custody to the mother. 
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clemency
clemency
[существительное]

compassion shown by a person in authority, especially by reducing a punishment

снисходительность

снисходительность

Ex: The governor granted clemency to the prisoner, reducing his sentence. 
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to vindicate
to vindicate
[глагол]

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

оправдывать

оправдывать

Ex: The new evidence helped to vindicate him of all the charges. 
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to overrule
to overrule
[глагол]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

отменять

отменять

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 
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to pass
to pass
[глагол]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

принимать

принимать

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 
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to intervene
to intervene
[глагол]

to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome

вмешиваться, вступать в дело

вмешиваться, вступать в дело

Ex: The trade union filed a motion to intervene, asserting that the interests of its members were directly affected by the outcome of the case. 
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to amend
to amend
[глагол]

to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to correct or update it

изменять, поправлять

изменять, поправлять

Ex: The committee decided to amend the proposal to address concerns raised during the discussion. 
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to prosecute
to prosecute
[глагол]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

преследовать в судебном порядке

преследовать в судебном порядке

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[глагол]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

оправдывать

оправдывать

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
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to outlaw
to outlaw
[глагол]

to officially state that something is illegal

объявить вне закона

объявить вне закона

Ex: The government decided to outlaw the sale of counterfeit goods to protect consumers. 
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to validate
to validate
[глагол]

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

подтверждать, удостоверять

подтверждать, удостоверять

Ex: The judge validated the witness's testimony by corroborating it with other evidence presented in the case. 
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arbitration
arbitration
[существительное]

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

арбитраж

арбитраж

Ex: The construction contract included a clause requiring arbitration to settle any disputes between the contractor and the client. 
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citation
citation
[существительное]

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

цитирование

цитирование

Ex: The attorney provided a citation to a relevant Supreme Court case to support her argument in the brief. 
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to waive
to waive
[глагол]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

отказываться

отказываться

Ex: He decided to waive his right to a trial. 
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