Akademicki IELTS (Pasmo 6-7) - Law

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

poprawka, zmiana

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

legislacja, ustawa

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

dekret, zarządzenie

an officially written and established law

ustawa, status

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

postępowanie sądowe, litigacja

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

prokurator, oskarżyciel

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

adwokat, radca prawny

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

adwokat, prawnik

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

powód, wnioskodawca

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

pozwany, oskarżony

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

wyrok skazujący, orzeczenie

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

wyrok, orzeczenie

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

kaucja, poręczenie

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

służba w ławie przysięgłych, obowiązek przysięgłego

(law) a specific supervised period of time outside prison granted to a criminal, given they do not break a law during this period

wyrok w zawieszeniu, okres próby

the legal right to keep a thing or to take care of a person

opieka, przechowanie

to mercy or leniency shown by a person or authority, typically in granting forgiveness or lessening the severity of a punishment

łaskawość, miłosierdzie

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

uniewinnić, rehabilitować

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

uchylać, unieważniać

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

uchwalić, zatwierdzić

to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome

interweniować, angażować się

to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to improve, correct, or update it

poprawić, zmienić

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

oskarżać, prowadzić sprawę

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

uniewinnić

to officially state that something is illegal

zakazać, uznać za nielegalne

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

walidować, potwierdzać

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitraż

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

cytat, odniesienie

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

zrezygnować, zrzec się