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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS Academic (Score 6-7) - Batas

Dito, matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa Batas na kinakailangan para sa Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
amendment
amendment
[Pangngalan]

a formal change or addition made to a law, constitution, contract, or other legal document

pagbabago,  susog

pagbabago, susog

Ex: Congress approved an amendment to the existing law. 
legislation
legislation
[Pangngalan]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

batas, legislasyon

batas, legislasyon

Ex: The legislation banning single-use plastics will take effect next year. 
decree
decree
[Pangngalan]

an official order or authoritative decision issued by a ruler, government, or other authority

dekrito,  kautusan

dekrito, kautusan

Ex: The king issued a decree requiring the gates to close at sunset. 
statute
statute
[Pangngalan]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

batas

batas

Ex: The new statute limits the use of personal data. 
litigation
litigation
[Pangngalan]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

paglilitis, proseso sa korte

paglilitis, proseso sa korte

Ex: The company is involved in litigation over patent rights. 

Ang kumpanya ay kasangkot sa isang paglilitis tungkol sa mga karapatan sa patent.

prosecutor
prosecutor
[Pangngalan]

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

tagausig, piskal

tagausig, piskal

Ex: The prosecutor presented strong evidence in the case against the defendant. 

Ang tagausig ay nagharap ng malakas na ebidensya sa kaso laban sa akusado.

attorney
attorney
[Pangngalan]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

abogado, tagapagtanggol

abogado, tagapagtanggol

Ex: The attorney presented a strong case in court on behalf of his client. 

Ang abogado ay nagharap ng isang malakas na kaso sa korte sa ngalan ng kanyang kliyente.

solicitor
solicitor
[Pangngalan]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

solicitor, abogadong tagapayo

solicitor, abogadong tagapayo

Ex: The solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly. 
plaintiff
plaintiff
[Pangngalan]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

nagreklamo, demandante

nagreklamo, demandante

Ex: During the trial, the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant's actions. 
defendant
defendant
[Pangngalan]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

nasasakdal, akusado

nasasakdal, akusado

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial, maintaining innocence despite the prosecution's strong arguments. 
conviction
conviction
[Pangngalan]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

kondena

kondena

Ex: The prosecutor secured a conviction after presenting the new evidence. 
verdict
verdict
[Pangngalan]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

Ex: The jury returned a guilty verdict. 
bail
bail
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

piyansa, kalayaan sa ilalim ng piyansa

piyansa, kalayaan sa ilalim ng piyansa

Ex: The judge set bail at $10,000 for the defendant's release from jail before the trial. 
jury duty
jury duty
[Pangngalan]

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

tungkulin ng hurado, serbisyo ng hurado

tungkulin ng hurado, serbisyo ng hurado

Ex: She was summoned for jury duty and had to report to the courthouse for potential selection. 

Siya ay tinawag para sa tungkulin ng hurado at kailangang magreport sa korte para sa posibleng pagpili.

probation
probation
[Pangngalan]

a legal arrangement in which a convicted offender is released under specific conditions instead of serving time in prison

probasyon, pagsubok na panahon

probasyon, pagsubok na panahon

Ex: The judge sentenced him to five years' probation. 

Hinatulan siya ng hukom ng limang taong probasyon.

custody
custody
[Pangngalan]

the legal right and responsibility to care for a child and make decisions concerning them

pag-iingat,  kustodiya

pag-iingat, kustodiya

Ex: The court awarded custody of the children to their mother. 
clemency
clemency
[Pangngalan]

compassion shown by a person in authority, especially by reducing a punishment

awà, habag

awà, habag

Ex: Clemency is sometimes granted in cases involving humanitarian reasons. 

Ang awà ay minsang ipinagkakaloob sa mga kasong may kinalaman sa mga dahilang makatao.

to vindicate
to vindicate
[Pandiwa]

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

magpawalang-sala, patunayang inosente

magpawalang-sala, patunayang inosente

Ex: The new evidence helped to vindicate him of all the charges. 

Ang bagong ebidensya ay nakatulong upang magpawalang-sala sa kanya sa lahat ng mga paratang.

to overrule
to overrule
[Pandiwa]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

pawalang-bisa, ibalewala

pawalang-bisa, ibalewala

Ex: The appellate court decided to overrule the lower court's decision and grant a new trial. 

Nagpasya ang hukuman ng apela na ibalewala ang desisyon ng mas mababang hukuman at magbigay ng bagong paglilitis.

to pass
to pass
[Pandiwa]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ipasa, aprubahan

ipasa, aprubahan

Ex: The government has passed new legislation to protect consumers. 
to intervene
to intervene
[Pandiwa]

to enter an existing lawsuit as a third party in order to protect an interest affected by its outcome

mamagitan

mamagitan

Ex: The company sought permission to intervene in the lawsuit. 
to amend
to amend
[Pandiwa]

to change the wording or provisions of a document, law, agreement, or similar text

baguhin,  amyendahan

baguhin, amyendahan

Ex: Congress voted to amend the law the following year. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[Pandiwa]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

usigin, paratangin

usigin, paratangin

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 

Ang abogado ay inupahan upang usigin ang kaso sa ngalan ng pamilya ng biktima.

to acquit
to acquit
[Pandiwa]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absuwelto, ideklarang walang kasalanan

absuwelto, ideklarang walang kasalanan

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 

Ang kumpanya ay inakusahan ng pagkakamali, ngunit pagkatapos ng isang masusing pagsisiyasat, sila ay hinatulan ng pagkawalang-sala sa anumang ilegal na mga gawain.

to outlaw
to outlaw
[Pandiwa]

to officially state that something is illegal

ipagbawal, gawing ilegal

ipagbawal, gawing ilegal

Ex: The government decided to outlaw the sale of counterfeit goods to protect consumers. 

Nagpasya ang pamahalaan na ipagbawal ang pagbebenta ng pekeng mga produkto upang protektahan ang mga mamimili.

to validate
to validate
[Pandiwa]

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

patunayan, kumpirmahin

patunayan, kumpirmahin

Ex: The judge validated the witness's testimony by corroborating it with other evidence presented in the case. 

Pinatunayan ng hukom ang pahayag ng saksi sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatibay nito sa iba pang ebidensyang iniharap sa kaso.

arbitration
arbitration
[Pangngalan]

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitrasyon

arbitrasyon

Ex: The construction contract included a clause requiring arbitration to settle any disputes between the contractor and the client. 

Ang kontrata ng konstruksyon ay may kasamang probisyon na nangangailangan ng arbitrasyon upang malutas ang anumang hindi pagkakaunawaan sa pagitan ng kontratista at kliyente.

citation
citation
[Pangngalan]

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

sipi

sipi

Ex: The attorney provided a citation to a relevant Supreme Court case to support her argument in the brief. 

Ang abogado ay nagbigay ng sipi mula sa isang kaugnay na kaso ng Korte Suprema upang suportahan ang kanyang argumento sa brief.

to waive
to waive
[Pandiwa]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

talikuran, iwan

talikuran, iwan

Ex: He decided to waive his right to a trial. 

Nagpasya siyang talikuran ang kanyang karapatan sa isang paglilitis.

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