Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Law

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Ley que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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amendment

[Sustantivo]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

enmienda, modificación

Ex: The teacher made an amendment to the syllabus to include an extra assignment .El profesor hizo una **enmienda** al plan de estudios para incluir una tarea adicional.

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legislation

[Sustantivo]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislación

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decree

[Sustantivo]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

sentencia

Ex: The local mayor issued a decree to improve public safety measures .El alcalde local emitió un **decreto** para mejorar las medidas de seguridad pública.

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statute

[Sustantivo]

an officially written and established law

ley, estatuto

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .Según el **estatuto**, la empresa debe proporcionar capacitación anual en seguridad para los empleados.

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litigation

[Sustantivo]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

litigio

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prosecutor

[Sustantivo]

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

fiscal, procurador

Ex: As the prosecutor, she was responsible for presenting the state 's case in court .Como **fiscal**, era responsable de presentar el caso del estado en el tribunal.

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attorney

[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

representante legal, apoderado

Ex: The attorney advised her on the best course of action for the lawsuit .El **abogado** le aconsejó sobre el mejor curso de acción para la demanda.

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solicitor

[Sustantivo]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

abogado

Ex: The solicitor explained the terms of the contract clearly .El **solicitor** explicó claramente los términos del contrato.

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plaintiff

[Sustantivo]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

demandante

Ex: During the trial , the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .Durante el juicio, el **demandante** testificó sobre el impacto de las acciones del acusado.

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defendant

[Sustantivo]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

acusado

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .El **acusado** permaneció sereno durante todo el juicio, manteniendo su inocencia a pesar de los fuertes argumentos de la fiscalía.

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conviction

[Sustantivo]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

condena

Ex: She was shocked by his conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .Ella quedó impactada por su **condena**, ya que siempre había mantenido su inocencia.

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verdict

[Sustantivo]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

veredicto

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .Los medios informaron sobre el **veredicto** histórico que sentó un nuevo precedente en el derecho penal.

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bail

[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

fianza

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.La familia del sospechoso se unió para recaudar dinero para su **fianza**.

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jury duty

[Sustantivo]

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

deber de jurado, servicio de jurado

Ex: Jury duty can be an inconvenience for some individuals , but it is an essential part of our justice system .El **servicio de jurado** puede ser un inconveniente para algunas personas, pero es una parte esencial de nuestro sistema de justicia.

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probation

[Sustantivo]

a legal arrangement in which a convicted offender is released under specific conditions instead of serving time in prison

libertad condicional

Ex: The court ordered community service as part of the probation requirements for the juvenile offender .Los oficiales de **libertad condicional** supervisan el cumplimiento de las órdenes judiciales.

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custody

[Sustantivo]

the legal right to keep a thing or to take care of a person

custodia, tenencia

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clemency

[Sustantivo]

compassion shown by a person in authority, especially by reducing a punishment

clemencia

Ex: Clemency can be a powerful tool for justice when used wisely .La **clemencia** puede ser una herramienta poderosa para la justicia cuando se usa sabiamente.

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to vindicate

[Verbo]

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

vindicar

Ex: The judge 's ruling vindicated him , confirming his innocence beyond a doubt .El fallo del juez lo **vindicó**, confirmando su inocencia más allá de toda duda.

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to overrule

[Verbo]

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

anular, invalidar

Ex: In constitutional law , a higher court can overrule legislation if it is deemed unconstitutional .En el derecho constitucional, un tribunal superior puede **anular** una legislación si se considera inconstitucional.

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to pass

[Verbo]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

aprobar, decretar

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .El Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas ha **aprobado** una resolución pidiendo a los dos países que reanuden las negociaciones de paz.

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to intervene

[Verbo]

to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome

intervenir, interponerse

Ex: The insurance company sought permission to intervene, claiming a substantial interest in the resolution of the legal dispute .La compañía de seguros solicitó permiso para **intervenir**, alegando un interés sustancial en la resolución de la disputa legal.

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to amend

[Verbo]

to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to correct or update it

modificar, enmendar

Ex: The team worked collaboratively to amend the contract and include additional terms .El equipo trabajó en colaboración para **modificar** el contrato e incluir términos adicionales.

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to prosecute

[Verbo]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

procesar

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .Contrató a un experto para ayudar a **procesar** el caso, asegurándose de que todos los ángulos legales estuvieran cubiertos.

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to acquit

[Verbo]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absolver

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision to acquit the defendant of all charges .El proceso de exoneración finalmente llevó a la decisión del tribunal de **absolver** al acusado de todos los cargos.

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to outlaw

[Verbo]

to officially state that something is illegal

prohibir

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved to outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .Para abordar las preocupaciones sobre la privacidad, el gobierno procedió a **prohibir** ciertas prácticas de vigilancia intrusivas.

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to validate

[Verbo]

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

validar, confirmar

Ex: The prosecutor sought to validate the search warrant used to obtain evidence in the criminal case .El fiscal buscó **validar** la orden de registro utilizada para obtener pruebas en el caso penal.

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arbitration

[Sustantivo]

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitraje

Ex: The consumer opted for arbitration instead of pursuing a lawsuit against the product manufacturer for damages .El consumidor optó por el **arbitraje** en lugar de presentar una demanda contra el fabricante del producto por daños.

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citation

[Sustantivo]

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

cita

Ex: The legal brief submitted to the Supreme Court included citations to international treaties relevant to the case 's subject matter .El escrito legal presentado ante la Corte Suprema incluía **citas** de tratados internacionales relevantes para el tema del caso.

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to waive

[Verbo]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

renunciar a

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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7)

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