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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 6-7) - Ley

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Ley que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (6-7)
amendment
amendment
[Sustantivo]

a formal change, addition, or alteration made to a law, contract, constitution, or other legal document

enmienda, modificación

enmienda, modificación

Ex: The company's board of directors approved an amendment to the employee benefits package. 

La junta directiva de la empresa aprobó una enmienda al paquete de beneficios para los empleados.

legislation
legislation
[Sustantivo]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislación

legislación

Ex: The legislation on data privacy has changed how companies handle user information. 

La legislación sobre privacidad de datos ha cambiado cómo las empresas manejan la información del usuario.

decree
decree
[Sustantivo]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

sentencia

sentencia

Ex: A royal decree was announced to change the national holiday schedule. 

Se anunció un decreto real para cambiar el calendario de días festivos nacionales.

statute
statute
[Sustantivo]

an officially written and established law

ley, estatuto

ley, estatuto

Ex: He challenged the statute in court, arguing that it was unconstitutional. 

Desafió el estatuto en la corte, argumentando que era inconstitucional.

litigation
litigation
[Sustantivo]

the formal procedure of resolving disputes through the court system

litigio

litigio

Ex: They avoided litigation by settling out of court. 

Evitaron el litigio llegando a un acuerdo extrajudicial.

prosecutor
prosecutor
[Sustantivo]

a legal official who represents the state in criminal proceedings and brings charges against individuals or organizations suspected of breaking the law

fiscal, procurador

fiscal, procurador

Ex: The defense lawyer cross-examined the prosecutor to weaken the case. 

El abogado defensor interrogó al fiscal para debilitar el caso.

attorney
attorney
[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

representante legal, apoderado

representante legal, apoderado

Ex: The attorney prepared the necessary documents for the property transfer. 

El abogado preparó los documentos necesarios para la transferencia de propiedad.

solicitor
solicitor
[Sustantivo]

(in the UK) a lawyer who is entitled to give legal advice, prepare legal documents for contracts and defend people in lower courts of law

abogado

abogado

Ex: In the UK, solicitors handle most client interactions. 

En el Reino Unido, los solicitors manejan la mayoría de las interacciones con los clientes.

plaintiff
plaintiff
[Sustantivo]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

demandante

demandante

Ex: After filing the lawsuit, the plaintiff waited anxiously for the court date. 

Después de presentar la demanda, el demandante esperó ansiosamente la fecha del juicio.

defendant
defendant
[Sustantivo]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

acusado

acusado

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to cast doubt on the defendant's involvement. 

El abogado defensor interrogó al testigo para poner en duda la participación del acusado.

conviction
conviction
[Sustantivo]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

condena

condena

Ex: The lawyer appealed the conviction, claiming there was a miscarriage of justice. 

El abogado apeló la condena, alegando que hubo un error judicial.

verdict
verdict
[Sustantivo]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

veredicto

veredicto

Ex: The defense team was surprised by the unexpected verdict of not guilty. 

El equipo de defensa se sorprendió por el veredicto inesperado de no culpable.

bail
bail
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

fianza

fianza

Ex: The bail bondsman agreed to post bail on behalf of the defendant in exchange for a fee. 

El agente de fianzas aceptó pagar la fianza en nombre del acusado a cambio de una tarifa.

jury duty
jury duty
[Sustantivo]

a civic obligation requiring individuals to serve as members of a jury in a court of law

deber de jurado, servicio de jurado

deber de jurado, servicio de jurado

Ex: Serving on jury duty allowed her to gain a firsthand understanding of the legal system. 

Servir en el jurado le permitió obtener una comprensión directa del sistema legal.

probation
probation
[Sustantivo]

a legal arrangement in which a convicted offender is released under specific conditions instead of serving time in prison

libertad condicional

libertad condicional

Ex: Probation allows offenders to remain in the community under supervision. 

La libertad condicional permite a los delincuentes permanecer en la comunidad bajo supervisión.

custody
custody
[Sustantivo]

the legal right or responsibility to care for and make decisions regarding a child, especially after a divorce or separation

custodia, tenencia

custodia, tenencia

Ex: He lost custody after failing to meet court requirements. 

Perdió la custodia después de no cumplir con los requisitos del tribunal.

clemency
clemency
[Sustantivo]

compassion shown by a person in authority, especially by reducing a punishment

clemencia

clemencia

Ex: The judge showed clemency due to the defendant's remorse. 

El juez mostró clemencia debido al remordimiento del acusado.

to vindicate

to clear someone from blame or suspicion and prove their innocence

vindicar

vindicar

Ex: After years of allegations, the results of the inquiry finally vindicated her actions. 

Después de años de acusaciones, los resultados de la investigación finalmente vindicaron sus acciones.

to overrule

to use one's official or political authority to change or reject a previously made decision

anular, invalidar

anular, invalidar

Ex: The speaker of the parliament has the power to overrule certain motions during a session. 

El presidente del parlamento tiene el poder de anular ciertas mociones durante una sesión.

to pass
to pass
[Verbo]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

aprobar, decretar

aprobar, decretar

Ex: The first Transport Act was passed in 1907. 

La primera Ley de Transporte fue aprobada en 1907.

to intervene

to become a party in a lawsuit because of a vested interest in the outcome

intervenir, interponerse

intervenir, interponerse

Ex: A group of affected businesses moved to intervene, asserting that the lawsuit could have detrimental effects on their economic interests. 

Un grupo de empresas afectadas solicitó intervenir, afirmando que la demanda podría tener efectos perjudiciales en sus intereses económicos.

to amend
to amend
[Verbo]

to make changes or additions to a document, law, contract, or similar text in order to correct or update it

modificar, enmendar

modificar, enmendar

Ex: In response to public feedback, the city council decided to amend the zoning regulations. 

En respuesta a los comentarios del público, el consejo de la ciudad decidió modificar las regulaciones de zonificación.

to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

procesar

procesar

Ex: The prosecutor’s office chose not to prosecute, citing insufficient evidence. 

La fiscalía optó por no procesar, citando pruebas insuficientes.

to acquit
to acquit
[Verbo]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absolver

absolver

Ex: Last month, the court acquitted the accused after a thorough trial. 

El mes pasado, el tribunal absolvió al acusado después de un juicio exhaustivo.

to outlaw
to outlaw
[Verbo]

to officially state that something is illegal

prohibir

prohibir

Ex: The new legislation sought to outlaw discrimination based on gender, race, and sexual orientation. 

La nueva legislación buscaba prohibir la discriminación basada en género, raza y orientación sexual.

to validate

to confirm or verify the legality or legitimacy of something, typically a document, contract, or action

validar, confirmar

validar, confirmar

Ex: The legal team worked diligently to validate the evidence collected during the investigation. 

El equipo legal trabajó diligentemente para validar las pruebas recopiladas durante la investigación.

arbitration
arbitration
[Sustantivo]

a process where parties resolve disputes through a neutral third party

arbitraje

arbitraje

Ex: The labor union and management agreed to arbitration to negotiate a new collective bargaining agreement. 

El sindicato y la gerencia acordaron un arbitraje para negociar un nuevo acuerdo de negociación colectiva.

citation
citation
[Sustantivo]

a reference to a specific legal source, like a law or court case, used to support arguments or statements in legal documents and writings

cita

cita

Ex: The legal memo contained numerous citations to relevant regulations governing environmental policy. 

El memorándum legal contenía numerosas citas a regulaciones relevantes que rigen la política ambiental.

to waive
to waive
[Verbo]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

renunciar a

renunciar a

Ex: She waived her claim to the inheritance. 

Ella renunció a su reclamo de la herencia.

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