pattern

Věda ACT - Život a evoluce zvířat

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související se životem a evolucí zvířat, jako je „endemický“, „denní“, „toxicita“ atd., která vám pomohou dosáhnout lepších výsledků.

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ACT Vocabulary for Science
insectivore
[Podstatné jméno]

an animal that primarily feeds on insects or other small invertebrates

hmyzožravec, hmyzožravý savec

hmyzožravec, hmyzožravý savec

carnivorous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of plants or animals) feeding on the meat or flesh of other animals

masožravý, karnivorní

masožravý, karnivorní

Ex: Some species of birds , like eagles and hawks , carnivorous and hunt small mammals and birds .
herbivorous
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal) solely feeding on plants

býložravý, fytivorní

býložravý, fytivorní

Ex: Caterpillars herbivorous larvae that feed on the leaves of plants before metamorphosing into butterflies or moths .
heterotroph
[Podstatné jméno]

an organism that cannot produce its own food and must obtain energy by consuming other organisms or organic matter

heterotrof, heterotrofní organismus

heterotrof, heterotrofní organismus

Ex: The study focused on the feeding habits heterotrophs in various aquatic environments .
detritivore
[Podstatné jméno]

an organism that breaks down and feeds on dead organic matter, such as decaying plant and animal material

detritivor, detritofág

detritivor, detritofág

parasitic
[Přídavné jméno]

relating to organisms that live on or inside other organisms, benefiting at the expense of their hosts

parazitární, parazitický

parazitární, parazitický

Ex: Parasitic fungi , like the cordyceps fungus , infect insects and alter their behavior to aid in their own reproduction .
endothermic
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal) generating and regulating their own body heat internally

endotermní, teplokrevný

endotermní, teplokrevný

arousal
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of waking up or becoming active and alert, often influenced by environmental stimuli or internal biological rhythms

vzrušení, probuzení

vzrušení, probuzení

Ex: arousal response in mammals can be rapid , allowing them to react quickly to potential threats upon waking .
to hibernate
[sloveso]

(of some animals or plants) to spend the winter sleeping deeply

hibernovat, přezimovat

hibernovat, přezimovat

Ex: Ground squirrels hibernate in their burrows, where they enter a state of deep torpor to survive the winter.
venom
[Podstatné jméno]

the poisonous substance produced by some snakes, scorpions, or spiders to kill their prey or to defend themselves from predators

jed, toxický sekret

jed, toxický sekret

Ex: The doctor administered an antivenom to counteract the effects of the snakevenom.
toxicity
[Podstatné jméno]

the harmful effects or potential for harm caused by a substance to living organisms or the environment

toxicity, toxická účinnost

toxicity, toxická účinnost

Ex: The scientist developed a method for measuring toxicity of wastewater discharged into rivers .
potency
[Podstatné jméno]

the capacity or ability of an organism, often referring to its genetic potential, reproductive success, or influence within its environment

potence, účinnost

potence, účinnost

Ex: Researchers study potency of certain traits to understand their impact on evolutionary fitness .
habitat
[Podstatné jméno]

the place or area in which certain animals, birds, or plants naturally exist, lives, and grows

habitat, životní prostředí

habitat, životní prostředí

Ex: Cacti are well adapted to the habitat of the desert .
predatory
[Přídavné jméno]

(of wild animals) living by preying on other animals, especially live animals

predátorský, dravý

predátorský, dravý

Ex: The owlpredatory gaze followed the movement of a mouse on the forest floor .
ecosystem
[Podstatné jméno]

a community of living organisms together with their physical environment, interacting as a system

ekosystém, ekologický systém

ekosystém, ekologický systém

Ex: Climate change poses a major threat to many ecosystems.
diurnal
[Přídavné jméno]

primarily active or occurring during the daytime

denní, diurnální

denní, diurnální

Ex: Hikers diurnal adventures , taking advantage of daylight to explore trails and enjoy nature .
nocturnal
[Přídavné jméno]

(of animals or organisms) primarily active during the night

noční, nocturnální

noční, nocturnální

Ex: Mosquitoes are nocturnal pests , becoming most active after dusk .
crepuscular
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal) active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk

šerožijní, svítání a soumrak aktivní

šerožijní, svítání a soumrak aktivní

Ex: Wildlife photographers set up their cameras before sunrise , eager to capture the elusive beauty crepuscular creatures in their natural habitats .

to bring up partially digested food from the stomach back into the mouth, often to feed young or as part of the digestive process

regurgitovat, vydávat (natrávené) jídlo

regurgitovat, vydávat (natrávené) jídlo

Ex: Insects like regurgitate nectar to produce honey for their hive .
endoskeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the internal bony structure of an animal that gives it form and supports its weight

endoskelet, vnitřní kostra

endoskelet, vnitřní kostra

exoskeleton
[Podstatné jméno]

the hard outer covering that supports the body of an animal, such as an arthropod

vnější kostra, exoSkeleton

vnější kostra, exoSkeleton

Ex: A grasshopperexoskeleton allows it to jump long distances .
extinct
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) not having any living members, either due to natural causes, environmental changes, or human activity

vyhynulý, zánikový

vyhynulý, zánikový

Ex: Conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and prevent them from extinct.
de-extinction
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of bringing extinct species back to life through scientific methods

deextinkce, oživení vyhynulých druhů

deextinkce, oživení vyhynulých druhů

domesticated
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a wild animal) tamed and adapted to live with or to the benefit of humans

zkrocený, domácí

zkrocený, domácí

Ex: Livestock such as cows, sheep, and goats are domesticated animals raised for food production and other purposes.
conservation
[Podstatné jméno]

the protection of the natural environment and resources from wasteful human activities

ochrana přírody, ochrana životního prostředí

ochrana přírody, ochrana životního prostředí

Ex: Many organizations focus on conservation to prevent species from becoming extinct .
cloning
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific process of creating an identical or near-identical copy of a living organism, cell, or DNA sequence through asexual reproduction or genetic engineering techniques

klonování, klon

klonování, klon

Ex: Dolly the sheep was the first mammal created cloning.
evolutionary
[Přídavné jméno]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

evoluční, vývojový

evoluční, vývojový

Ex: evolutionary relationship between species can be inferred through comparative anatomy and DNA analysis .
subspecies
[Podstatné jméno]

a taxonomic rank below species that represents a distinct population within a species, exhibiting consistent differences from other populations

poddruh, subdruh

poddruh, subdruh

primitive
[Přídavné jméno]

characteristic of an early stage of human or animal evolution

primitivní, původní

primitivní, původní

Ex: The island 's ecosystem still primitive species that have remained unchanged for centuries .
endangered
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an animal, plant, etc.) being at risk of extinction

ohrožený, ohrožený vyhynutím

ohrožený, ohrožený vyhynutím

Ex: Climate change poses a significant threat to many endangered species by altering their habitats and food sources.
endemic
[Přídavné jméno]

found or restricted to a specific geographic region or habitat

endemitní, endemický

endemitní, endemický

Ex: endemic species of fish is only found in the freshwater lakes of the mountain range .
mastodon
[Podstatné jméno]

an extinct large, elephant-like mammal with long, curved tusks and a body covered in hair, which lived during the Pleistocene epoch

mastodont, mastodon

mastodont, mastodon

Ex: Mastodons, unlike mammoths , had straighter tusks and different dental structures suited to their diet .
neanderthal
[Podstatné jméno]

an extinct hominid species closely related to modern humans, characterized by a robust build and distinctive facial features, that lived in Europe and parts of Asia until approximately 40,000 years ago

neandertálec, neandertálsko

neandertálec, neandertálsko

Ex: Neanderthals lived approximately 40,000 years ago and became extinct during the Pleistocene epoch .
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