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Matemáticas y Lógica SAT - Geometría

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la geometría, como "radián", "parábola", "asíntota", etc., que necesitarás para aprobar tus SATs.

Revisión

Tarjetas de memoria

Ortografía

Cuestionario

Empezar a aprender
SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
slope
slope
[Sustantivo]

the measure of the steepness of a line, calculated as the change in vertical distance divided by the change in horizontal distance

pendiente,  inclinación

pendiente, inclinación

Ex: The teacher asked us to find the slope of the graph. 
arc
arc
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a part of a circle, which is curved

arco

arco

Ex: In a pie chart, each section can be represented by an arc of the circle. 
angle
angle
[Sustantivo]

the space between two lines or surfaces that are joined, measured in degrees or radians

ángulo

ángulo

Ex: The angle between the two roads created a sharp turn that drivers needed to navigate carefully. 
radian
radian
[Sustantivo]

a unit for measuring angles, defined by the angle made when the radius of a circle is laid along its edge

radián, unidad de medida para ángulos

radián, unidad de medida para ángulos

Ex: The unit circle helps visualize angles measured in radians. 

El círculo unitario ayuda a visualizar ángulos medidos en radianes.

right angle
right angle
[Sustantivo]

an angle measuring exactly 90 degrees

ángulo recto

ángulo recto

Ex: The painter meticulously ensured that the lines on the canvas formed right angles to create a sense of balance in the composition. 

El pintor aseguró meticulosamente que las líneas en el lienzo formaran ángulos rectos para crear un sentido de equilibrio en la composición.

acute angle
acute angle
[Sustantivo]

(mathematics) an angle that measures greater than 0 degrees but less than 90 degrees

ángulo agudo, ángulo agudo

ángulo agudo, ángulo agudo

Ex: An acute angle looks sharp and narrow compared to a right angle. 
vertical angle
vertical angle
[Sustantivo]

one of a pair of opposite angles made by two intersecting lines, which are always equal

ángulo vertical, ángulo opuesto por el vértice

ángulo vertical, ángulo opuesto por el vértice

Ex: In the diagram, angle A and angle B are vertical angles and thus have the same measure. 

En el diagrama, el ángulo A y el ángulo B son ángulos verticales y por lo tanto tienen la misma medida.

consecutive angle
consecutive angle
[Sustantivo]

pairs of angles that share a common side and vertex in a polygon or between intersecting lines

ángulos consecutivos, ángulos adyacentes

ángulos consecutivos, ángulos adyacentes

Ex: When drawing a hexagon, you can see that each pair of consecutive angles shares a common side. 

Al dibujar un hexágono, se puede ver que cada par de ángulos consecutivos comparte un lado común.

polygon
polygon
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a flat shape consisting of three or more straight sides

polígono

polígono

Ex: The stop sign is an example of an octagonal polygon. 

La señal de stop es un ejemplo de un polígono octogonal.

parallelogram
parallelogram
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) any flat shape with four straight sides, the opposite sides of which are equal and parallel to each other

paralelogramo

paralelogramo

quadrilateral
quadrilateral
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a flat figure with four straight sides and four angles

cuadrilátero

cuadrilátero

hyperbola
hyperbola
[Sustantivo]

a geometric curve formed by the intersection of a plane with two cones, resulting in two symmetrical branches

hipérbola, curva hiperbólica

hipérbola, curva hiperbólica

Ex: The distance between a point on the hyperbola and its two foci is constant, defining its geometric properties. 

La distancia entre un punto en la hipérbola y sus dos focos es constante, definiendo sus propiedades geométricas.

parabola
parabola
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth

parábola

parábola

Ex: Designers use parabolas to create efficient lighting fixtures. 

Los diseñadores usan parábolas para crear accesorios de iluminación eficientes.

rhombus
rhombus
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a flat shape with four equal sides in which opposite angles are equal

rombo

rombo

pentagon
pentagon
[Sustantivo]

a geometric shape with five angles and five straight sides

pentágono

pentágono

Ex: The stop sign is shaped like a red pentagon to alert drivers to halt. 

La señal de stop tiene forma de pentágono rojo para alertar a los conductores de que se detengan.

tetrahedron
tetrahedron
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a polyhedron with four flat sides, a triangular pyramid

tetraedro

tetraedro

trapezoid
trapezoid
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a flat shape with four flat sides, two of which are parallel

trapecio, trapezoide

trapecio, trapezoide

equilateral triangle

a type of triangle with all three sides of equal length

triángulo equilátero, triángulo equilátero

triángulo equilátero, triángulo equilátero

Ex: The fence surrounding the garden formed an equilateral triangle at each corner. 

La valla que rodeaba el jardín formaba un triángulo equilátero en cada esquina.

right triangle
right triangle
[Sustantivo]

a flat geometric shape consisting of three straight sides and one right angle

triángulo rectángulo

triángulo rectángulo

acute triangle
acute triangle
[Sustantivo]

a triangle in which all three interior angles are less than 90 degrees

triángulo acutángulo, triángulo agudo

triángulo acutángulo, triángulo agudo

Ex: An equilateral triangle is always an acute triangle since all its angles are 60 degrees. 

Un triángulo equilátero es siempre un triángulo agudo ya que todos sus ángulos son de 60 grados.

isosceles triangle
isosceles triangle
[Sustantivo]

a type of triangle that has two sides of equal length and two angles of equal measure

triángulo isósceles

triángulo isósceles

Ex: The altitude drawn from the vertex angle of an isosceles triangle bisects the base into two equal segments. 

La altitud trazada desde el ángulo del vértice de un triángulo isósceles divide la base en dos segmentos iguales.

scalene triangle
scalene triangle
[Sustantivo]

a type of triangle that has all three sides of different lengths

triángulo escaleno, triángulo desigual

triángulo escaleno, triángulo desigual

Ex: The bridge's supports created a scalene triangle pattern against the skyline. 

Los soportes del puente crearon un patrón de triángulo escaleno contra el horizonte.

obtuse triangle
obtuse triangle
[Sustantivo]

a triangle in which one of the interior angles is greater than 90 degrees

triángulo obtusángulo, triángulo obtuso

triángulo obtusángulo, triángulo obtuso

Ex: When drawing an obtuse triangle, ensure one angle is larger than 90 degrees while the other two are less. 

Al dibujar un triángulo obtuso, asegúrese de que un ángulo sea mayor de 90 grados mientras que los otros dos sean menores.

rectangular pyramid

a three-dimensional geometric shape that has a rectangular base and four triangular faces that meet at a single point called the apex

pirámide rectangular, pirámide de base rectangular

pirámide rectangular, pirámide de base rectangular

Ex: To find the surface area of a rectangular pyramid, you need to add the area of the rectangular base and the areas of the four triangular faces. 

Para encontrar el área superficial de una pirámide rectangular, necesitas sumar el área de la base rectangular y las áreas de las cuatro caras triangulares.

right circular cylinder

a three-dimensional geometric shape with two parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface at a right angle to the bases

cilindro circular recto, cilindro recto de base circular

cilindro circular recto, cilindro recto de base circular

Ex: In the experiment, we filled a right circular cylinder with water to measure its capacity. 

En el experimento, llenamos un cilindro circular recto con agua para medir su capacidad.

right circular cone

a solid figure with a circular base and a vertex that is perpendicular to the center of the base

cono circular recto, cono recto de base circular

cono circular recto, cono recto de base circular

Ex: The height of a right circular cone is the perpendicular distance from the vertex to the center of the base. 

La altura de un cono circular recto es la distancia perpendicular desde el vértice hasta el centro de la base.

epicycle
epicycle
[Sustantivo]

a small circle whose center moves around the circumference of a larger circle

epiciclo, círculo secundario

epiciclo, círculo secundario

Ex: The geometric properties of an epicycle can be explored by examining the resulting curves and paths generated by its motion. 

Las propiedades geométricas de un epiciclo se pueden explorar examinando las curvas y trayectorias resultantes generadas por su movimiento.

hypotenuse
hypotenuse
[Sustantivo]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

hipotenusa

hipotenusa

Ex: A ladder leaning against a wall forms a right triangle, with the hypotenuse representing the ladder's length. 

Una escalera apoyada contra una pared forma un triángulo rectángulo, con la hipotenusa representando la longitud de la escalera.

base
base
[Sustantivo]

the side of a geometric shape, usually the one considered as the bottom, from which the height is measured

base, lado base

base, lado base

Ex: To find the area of a trapezoid, you need the lengths of both bases and the height. 
diameter
diameter
[Sustantivo]

a straight line passing through the center of a circle or other round object from one side to the other, or the length of that line

diámetro

diámetro

Ex: The tree trunk is nearly a meter in diameter. 
radius
radius
[Sustantivo]

the length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary

radio

radio

Ex: The architect calculated the radius of the dome to ensure its proportions were aesthetically pleasing. 

El arquitecto calculó el radio de la cúpula para asegurarse de que sus proporciones fueran estéticamente agradables.

vertex
vertex
[Sustantivo]

a point where two or more lines, edges, or rays meet to form an angle, or the point at which the sides of a polygon intersect

vértice

vértice

Ex: The meeting point of the two arms of an angle is referred to as the vertex of the angle. 

El punto de encuentro de los dos brazos de un ángulo se denomina vértice del ángulo.

perimeter
perimeter
[Sustantivo]

the total length of the external boundary of something

perímetro

perímetro

Ex: The farmer used a long measuring tape to determine the perimeter of his rectangular cornfield before installing a new fence. 

El agricultor usó una cinta métrica larga para determinar el perímetro de su campo de maíz rectangular antes de instalar una nueva cerca.

circumference
circumference
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

circunferencia

circunferencia

Ex: To find the circumference of a wheel, you need to know its radius or diameter. 

Para encontrar la circunferencia de una rueda, necesitas saber su radio o diámetro.

area
area
[Sustantivo]

the measurement of a piece of land or a flat surface

área

área

Ex: The area of a piece of land is important for property valuation. 
surface area
surface area
[Sustantivo]

the total area that the surface of a three-dimensional object occupies

área de superficie,  superficie

área de superficie, superficie

Ex: Architects must consider the surface area of materials needed to cover a building. 

Los arquitectos deben considerar el área de superficie de los materiales necesarios para cubrir un edificio.

volume
volume
[Sustantivo]

the amount of space that a substance or object takes or the amount of space inside an object

volumen

volumen

Ex: Engineers calculated the volume of the water tank to ensure it could hold enough water for the community. 
asymptote
asymptote
[Sustantivo]

a straight line that a curve approaches indefinitely but never intersects, characterizing the limiting behavior of the curve

asíntota, línea asintótica

asíntota, línea asintótica

Ex: A horizontal asymptote occurs when the values of a function approach a constant as the input goes to positive or negative infinity. 

Una asíntota horizontal ocurre cuando los valores de una función se acercan a una constante a medida que la entrada tiende a infinito positivo o negativo.

tangent
tangent
[Sustantivo]

a straight line that touches a curve or surface at exactly one point, known as the point of tangency

tangente

tangente

Ex: In geometry class, we learned how to draw a tangent to a circle, ensuring it only touched the circle at a single point. 

En la clase de geometría, aprendimos cómo dibujar una tangente a un círculo, asegurando que solo toque el círculo en un único punto.

protractor
protractor
[Sustantivo]

a measuring instrument used to measure and draw angles

transportador, goniómetro

transportador, goniómetro

Ex: The protractor helped the student draw precise angles for the math assignment. 

El transportador ayudó al estudiante a dibujar ángulos precisos para la tarea de matemáticas.

line of symmetry
line of symmetry
[Sustantivo]

a line that divides a shape into two congruent parts

línea de simetría, eje de simetría

línea de simetría, eje de simetría

Ex: A square has four lines of symmetry: two along its diagonals and two along the midlines parallel to its sides. 

Un cuadrado tiene cuatro líneas de simetría: dos a lo largo de sus diagonales y dos a lo largo de las líneas medias paralelas a sus lados.

geometric series
geometric series
[Sustantivo]

a series of numbers in which each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number

serie geométrica, sucesión geométrica

serie geométrica, sucesión geométrica

Ex: Convergence of a geometric series occurs when the absolute value of the common ratio is less than 1. 

La convergencia de una serie geométrica ocurre cuando el valor absoluto de la razón común es menor que 1.

quadrant
quadrant
[Sustantivo]

one-fourth of a circle, formed by two perpendicular radii and the connecting arc

cuadrante, cuarto de círculo

cuadrante, cuarto de círculo

Ex: In a pie chart, each section can be divided into quadrants for detailed analysis. 

En un gráfico circular, cada sección puede dividirse en cuadrantes para un análisis detallado.

interior angle
interior angle
[Sustantivo]

an angle formed between two sides of a polygon that lies inside the shape

ángulo interior, ángulo interno

ángulo interior, ángulo interno

Ex: The interior angles of a quadrilateral add up to 360 degrees. 

Los ángulos interiores de un cuadrilátero suman 360 grados.

ellipse
ellipse
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a closed plane curve that has two focal points

elipse

elipse

chord
chord
[Sustantivo]

a straight line segment that connects two points on the edge of a circle

cuerda, acorde

cuerda, acorde

Ex: Any chord divides the circle into two arcs. 
diagonal
diagonal
[Adjetivo]

(of a straight line) joining opposite corners of a flat shape at an angle

diagonal

diagonal

Ex: The diagonal plane of the cube divided it into two symmetrical halves. 

El plano diagonal del cubo lo dividió en dos mitades simétricas.

congruent
congruent
[Adjetivo]

(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form

congruente

congruente

Ex: The congruent rectangles fit perfectly on top of each other. 

Los rectángulos congruentes encajan perfectamente uno encima del otro.

parallel
parallel
[Adjetivo]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

paralelo

paralelo

Ex: The beams of sunlight created parallel lines on the floor. 
transversal
transversal
[Adjetivo]

(of a line) intersecting two or more other lines at different points

transversal, secante

transversal, secante

Ex: The researcher analyzed the complex dynamics of the system, focusing on the transversal heteroclinic connections between saddle points in the phase space. 

El investigador analizó la dinámica compleja del sistema, centrándose en las conexiones heteroclínicas transversales entre los puntos de silla en el espacio de fases.

perpendicular
perpendicular
[Adjetivo]

(of lines or planes) intersecting each other at a 90 degree angle

perpendicular

perpendicular

Ex: The engineer emphasized the importance of installing perpendicular supports for the ceiling. 

El ingeniero enfatizó la importancia de instalar soportes perpendiculares para el techo.

to bisect
to bisect
[Verbo]

to divide something into two equal parts

dividir en dos partes iguales, partir en dos mitades iguales

dividir en dos partes iguales, partir en dos mitades iguales

Ex: The chef demonstrated how to bisect the cake to achieve identical slices. 

El chef demostró cómo bisecar el pastel para lograr rebanadas idénticas.

to translate

to move a geometric figure so that every point moves the same distance in the same direction without rotation or resizing

trasladar, trasladar

trasladar, trasladar

Ex: If you translate the figure, its size and orientation remain unchanged. 
asymmetry
asymmetry
[Sustantivo]

(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something

asimetría

asimetría

Ex: The artist used asymmetry to create an interesting visual effect. 

El artista utilizó la asimetría para crear un efecto visual interesante.

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