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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Crimen y Castigo

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre crimen y castigo, como "convict", "alibi", "fraud", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation
[Sustantivo]

the act of breaking a legal code

violación

violación

assault
[Sustantivo]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

agresión

agresión

Ex: The assault was captured on surveillance cameras , providing crucial evidence for the investigation .El **asalto** fue captado por cámaras de vigilancia, proporcionando pruebas cruciales para la investigación.
investigation
[Sustantivo]

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

investigación

investigación

Ex: Law enforcement officials are carrying out an investigation to uncover the truth behind the incident .Los funcionarios encargados de hacer cumplir la ley están llevando a cabo una **investigación** para descubrir la verdad detrás del incidente.
suspect
[Sustantivo]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

sospechoso

sospechoso

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .
criminal
[Sustantivo]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

criminal

criminal

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .El **criminal** confesó haber robado el banco.
convict
[Sustantivo]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

convicto

convicto

Ex: The convict's family visited him regularly , offering support and encouragement .La familia del **condenado** lo visitaba regularmente, ofreciéndole apoyo y aliento.

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

encarcelar

encarcelar

Ex: By the end of the day , the court will have hopefully imprisoned all suspects involved in the case .Para el final del día, el tribunal habrá, con suerte, **encarcelado** a todos los sospechosos involucrados en el caso.
alibi
[Sustantivo]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

coartada

coartada

Ex: Her alibi of attending a family gathering was corroborated by multiple family members .Su **coartada** de asistir a una reunión familiar fue corroborada por múltiples miembros de la familia.
to confess
[Verbo]

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

confesar

confesar

Ex: If the evidence is strong , the accused will likely confess during the trial .Si la evidencia es fuerte, el acusado probablemente **confesará** durante el juicio.
confession
[Sustantivo]

a personal account where someone openly admits to their mistakes or reveals private details about their life

confesión

confesión

to breach
[Verbo]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

violar

violar

Ex: A legal dispute arose between the two parties due to one side breaching the terms of the partnership agreement .Surgió una disputa legal entre las dos partes debido a que una de ellas **incumplió** los términos del acuerdo de asociación.
blackmail
[Sustantivo]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

chantaje

chantaje

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case of blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .La policía inició una investigación sobre un caso de **chantaje** que involucra cartas amenazantes enviadas a un político local.
terrorism
[Sustantivo]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

terrorismo

terrorismo

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws against terrorism to protect national security .Muchos países están fortaleciendo sus leyes contra el **terrorismo** para proteger la seguridad nacional.
vandalism
[Sustantivo]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

vandalismo

vandalismo

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park .Los voluntarios organizaron un esfuerzo de limpieza para reparar el daño causado por el **vandalismo** en el parque local.
kidnapping
[Sustantivo]

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

secuestro

secuestro

Ex: International agencies are working together to prevent child kidnapping.Las agencias internacionales están trabajando juntas para prevenir el **secuestro** de niños.
identity theft
[Sustantivo]

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

usurpación de identidad, suplantación de identidad

usurpación de identidad, suplantación de identidad

Ex: He discovered the identity theft when he received bills for purchases he never made .Descubrió el **robo de identidad** cuando recibió facturas por compras que nunca hizo.
fraud
[Sustantivo]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

fraude

fraude

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used for fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .Ella quedó impactada al saber que su identidad había sido robada y utilizada para un **fraude**, dejándola con una puntuación de crédito dañada.
hijack
[Sustantivo]

seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination

secuestro

secuestro

human trafficking
[Sustantivo]

the crime of transporting or controlling people and forcing them to work in the sex trade or other forms of forced labor

trata de personas

trata de personas

shoplifting
[Sustantivo]

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

hurto

hurto

Ex: The security team implemented new measures to prevent shoplifting.El equipo de seguridad implementó nuevas medidas para prevenir el **robo en tiendas**.
pickpocketing
[Sustantivo]

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

robar a alguien la cartera

robar a alguien la cartera

mugging
[Sustantivo]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

asalto

asalto

Ex: The mugging left him without his wallet and phone .El **atraco** lo dejó sin su billetera y teléfono.
bribery
[Sustantivo]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

soborno

soborno

Ex: The anti-corruption campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers of bribery in both public and private sectors .La campaña contra la corrupción tiene como objetivo concienciar sobre los peligros del **soborno** en los sectores público y privado.
capital punishment
[Sustantivo]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

pena capital

pena capital

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .La **pena capital** está reservada para los crímenes considerados más graves bajo la ley, como el asesinato.
life sentence
[Sustantivo]

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

cadena perpetua, condena a perpetuidad

cadena perpetua, condena a perpetuidad

Ex: The notorious criminal was finally apprehended and given multiple life sentences for his violent crimes .El criminal notorio finalmente fue capturado y condenado a múltiples **cadenas perpetuas** por sus crímenes violentos.
sentence
[Sustantivo]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentencia

sentencia

Ex: He received a ten-year sentence for robbery .Recibió una **condena** de diez años por robo.
offense
[Sustantivo]

any act that is against a law

infracción

infracción

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .
attempted
[Adjetivo]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

intento de, tentativa

intento de, tentativa

Ex: He was charged with attempted murder after the altercation.Fue acusado de **intento** de asesinato después de la altercado.
to capture
[Verbo]

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

capturar

capturar

Ex: Last year , the researchers captured a specimen of a rare butterfly species .El año pasado, los investigadores **capturaron** un espécimen de una especie de mariposa rara.
to condemn
[Verbo]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

condenar

condenar

Ex: The court condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .El tribunal **condenó** al capo de la droga a décadas entre rejas por traficar grandes cantidades de sustancias ilegales.
corrupt
[Adjetivo]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

corrupto

corrupto

Ex: The corrupt police officers extorted money from citizens by threatening false charges .Los oficiales de policía **corruptos** extorsionaron dinero a los ciudadanos amenazando con cargos falsos.
to fine
[Verbo]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

multar

multar

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .Fue **multado** por tirar basura en un área pública.
penalty
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

castigo

castigo

Ex: A penalty was imposed for dumping waste into the river .Se impuso una **multa** por arrojar desechos al río.
custody
[Sustantivo]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

detención

detención

Ex: The inmate was released from custody after serving his sentence .El recluso fue liberado de **custodia** después de cumplir su condena.
hostage
[Sustantivo]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

rehén

rehén

Ex: After hours of negotiation , the police successfully freed the hostage and apprehended the criminals .Después de horas de negociación, la policía logró liberar **al rehén** y detener a los criminales.
innocent
[Adjetivo]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

inocente

inocente

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .El conductor **inocente** no tuvo la culpa del accidente de coche causado por la negligencia del otro conductor.
guilty
[Adjetivo]

having done something that is not legal offense

culpable

culpable

Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL
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