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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Crimen y Castigo

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre crimen y castigo, como "convict", "alibi", "fraud", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation
violation
[Sustantivo]

the act of breaking a legal code

violación

violación

assault
assault
[Sustantivo]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

agresión

agresión

Ex: Witnesses testified that the assault occurred in broad daylight outside the shopping mall. 

Los testigos declararon que el asalto ocurrió a plena luz del día fuera del centro comercial.

investigation
investigation
[Sustantivo]

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

investigación

investigación

Ex: The journalist's investigation revealed new information about the corruption scandal. 

La investigación del periodista reveló nueva información sobre el escándalo de corrupción.

suspect
suspect
[Sustantivo]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

sospechoso

sospechoso

Ex: Two suspects were questioned, but neither had a solid alibi. 

Dos sospechosos fueron interrogados, pero ninguno tenía una coartada sólida.

criminal
criminal
[Sustantivo]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

criminal

criminal

Ex: He became a wanted criminal after escaping from custody. 

Se convirtió en un criminal buscado después de escapar de la custodia.

convict
convict
[Sustantivo]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

convicto

convicto

Ex: After serving his sentence, the convict was released and began rebuilding his life. 

Después de cumplir su condena, el condenado fue liberado y comenzó a reconstruir su vida.

to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

encarcelar

encarcelar

Ex: The decision to imprison the suspect without bail was made due to the flight risk. 

La decisión de encarcelar al sospechoso sin fianza se tomó debido al riesgo de fuga.

alibi
alibi
[Sustantivo]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

coartada

coartada

Ex: The police verified the suspect's alibi through surveillance footage from a nearby gas station. 

La policía verificó el alibi del sospechoso a través de imágenes de vigilancia de una gasolinera cercana.

to confess
to confess
[Verbo]

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

confesar

confesar

Ex: Law enforcement encourages individuals to confess as it can contribute to resolving cases more efficiently. 

Las fuerzas del orden animan a los individuos a confesar ya que puede contribuir a resolver los casos de manera más eficiente.

confession
confession
[Sustantivo]

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

confesión

confesión

Ex: The judge accepted the confession as evidence in the courtroom. 

El juez aceptó la confesión como prueba en el tribunal.

to breach
to breach
[Verbo]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

violar

violar

Ex: The student was disciplined for breaching exam regulations by using unauthorized materials. 

El estudiante fue disciplinado por infringir las regulaciones del examen al usar materiales no autorizados.

blackmail
blackmail
[Sustantivo]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

chantaje

chantaje

Ex: The celebrity paid a large sum of money to prevent a tabloid from publishing a damaging story, which was considered blackmail. 

La celebridad pagó una gran suma de dinero para evitar que un tabloide publicara una historia perjudicial, lo que se consideró chantaje.

terrorism
terrorism
[Sustantivo]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

terrorismo

terrorismo

Ex: The organization was classified as a terrorist group due to its involvement in acts of terrorism. 

La organización fue clasificada como grupo terrorista debido a su participación en actos de terrorismo.

vandalism
vandalism
[Sustantivo]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

vandalismo

vandalismo

Ex: Vandalism of public transportation facilities has become a growing concern for city officials. 

El vandalismo en las instalaciones de transporte público se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente para los funcionarios de la ciudad.

kidnapping
kidnapping
[Sustantivo]

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

secuestro

secuestro

Ex: The police launched an investigation into the kidnapping of the businessman. 

La policía inició una investigación sobre el secuestro del empresario.

identity theft
identity theft
[Sustantivo]

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

usurpación de identidad, suplantación de identidad

usurpación de identidad, suplantación de identidad

Ex: He spent months resolving issues caused by identity theft after his personal information was stolen online. 

Pasó meses resolviendo problemas causados por el robo de identidad después de que su información personal fuera robada en línea.

fraud
fraud
[Sustantivo]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

fraude

fraude

Ex: The victim lost a significant amount of money to an online fraud scheme that promised high returns but was fake. 

La víctima perdió una cantidad significativa de dinero en un esquema de fraude en línea que prometía altos rendimientos pero era falso.

hijack
hijack
[Sustantivo]

the unlawful seizure of a vehicle in transit, usually to rob it or force it to change course

secuestro

secuestro

Ex: The crew managed to alert control during the hijack. 

La tripulación logró alertar al control durante el secuestro.

human trafficking
human trafficking
[Sustantivo]

the illegal trade of people for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of coercion

trata de personas

trata de personas

Ex: The police arrested a gang involved in human trafficking. 

La policía arrestó a una banda involucrada en la trata de personas.

shoplifting
shoplifting
[Sustantivo]

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

hurto

hurto

Ex: The store owner reported several cases of shoplifting last month. 

El dueño de la tienda reportó varios casos de hurto en tiendas el mes pasado.

pickpocketing
pickpocketing
[Sustantivo]

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

robar a alguien la cartera

robar a alguien la cartera

mugging
mugging
[Sustantivo]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

asalto

asalto

Ex: She was frightened after witnessing a mugging in the park. 

Ella se asustó después de presenciar un atraco en el parque.

bribery
bribery
[Sustantivo]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

soborno

soborno

Ex: The investigation uncovered a network of bribery, with officials accepting kickbacks in exchange for favorable contracts. 

La investigación descubrió una red de soborno, con funcionarios aceptando sobornos a cambio de contratos favorables.

capital punishment
capital punishment
[Sustantivo]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

pena capital

pena capital

Ex: The court sentenced the convicted murderer to capital punishment by lethal injection. 

El tribunal sentenció al asesino convicto a la pena capital por inyección letal.

life sentence
life sentence
[Sustantivo]

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

cadena perpetua, condena a perpetuidad

cadena perpetua, condena a perpetuidad

Ex: Serving a life sentence can be mentally and emotionally challenging for inmates. 

Cumplir una cadena perpetua puede ser mental y emocionalmente desafiante para los reclusos.

sentence
sentence
[Sustantivo]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentencia

sentencia

Ex: His lawyer appealed the harsh sentence. 

Su abogado apeló la sentencia severa.

offense
offense
[Sustantivo]

any act that is against a law

infracción

infracción

Ex: Committing fraud is a serious offense that can lead to jail time. 

Cometer fraude es un delito grave que puede llevar a tiempo en la cárcel.

attempted
attempted
[Adjetivo]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

intento de, tentativa

intento de, tentativa

Ex: She survived an attempted suicide and sought help afterward. 

Sobrevivió a un intento de suicidio y buscó ayuda después.

to capture
to capture
[Verbo]

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

capturar

capturar

Ex: The soldiers are capturing enemy combatants during the mission. 

Los soldados están capturando a los combatientes enemigos durante la misión.

to condemn
to condemn
[Verbo]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

condenar

condenar

Ex: In some countries, certain crimes can lead to being condemned to death penalty by lethal injection. 

En algunos países, ciertos delitos pueden llevar a ser condenado a la pena de muerte por inyección letal.

corrupt
corrupt
[Adjetivo]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

corrupto

corrupto

Ex: The corrupt mayor awarded government contracts to friends and family members without fair competition. 

El alcalde corrupto otorgó contratos gubernamentales a amigos y familiares sin competencia justa.

to fine
to fine
[Verbo]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

multar

multar

Ex: The company was fined heavily for violating environmental regulations. 

La empresa fue multada severamente por violar las regulaciones ambientales.

penalty
penalty
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

castigo

castigo

Ex: She received a penalty after missing the tax deadline. 

Recibió una multa después de perder el plazo de impuestos.

custody
custody
[Sustantivo]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

detención

detención

Ex: The police took the suspect into custody after the car chase ended. 

La policía tomó al sospechoso bajo custodia después de que terminara la persecución en coche.

hostage
hostage
[Sustantivo]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

rehén

rehén

Ex: The movie depicted a tense standoff where the hero had to rescue the hostage without alerting the captors. 

La película representó un tenso enfrentamiento donde el héroe tenía que rescatar al rehén sin alertar a los captores.

innocent
innocent
[Adjetivo]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

inocente

inocente

Ex: The jury found the defendant innocent of all charges due to lack of evidence. 

El jurado encontró al acusado inocente de todos los cargos debido a la falta de pruebas.

guilty
guilty
[Adjetivo]

having done something that is not legal offense

culpable

culpable

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