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an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person
暴力行為 (ぼうりょくこうい), 襲撃 (しゅうげき)
an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth
捜査 (そうさ), 調査 (ちょうさ)
a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity
a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison
受刑者 (じゅけいしゃ), 有罪者 (ゆうざいしゃ)
to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go
監禁する, 投獄する
proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it
アリバイ, 不在証明
to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong
自白する, 告白する
a personal account where someone openly admits to their mistakes or reveals private details about their life
告白 (こくはく), 自白 (じはく)
to break an agreement, law, etc.
違反する (いはんする), 破る (やぶる)
the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them
恐喝（おどかし）, 脅迫（きょうはく）
the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power
テロリズム, テロ行為
the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization
破壊活動 (はかいかつどう), 器物損壊 (きぶつそんかい)
the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them
誘拐 (ゆうかい), 人さらい (ひとさらい)
the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods
アイデンティティ盗用（あいでんてぃてぃとうよう）, 個人情報盗用（こじんじょうほうとうよう）
the act of cheating in order to make illegal money
詐欺 (さぎ), fraud (フラウド)
seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination
ハイジャック, 乗っ取り
the crime of transporting or controlling people and forcing them to work in the sex trade or other forms of forced labor
人身取引, 人身売買
the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them
万引き (まんびき), 店舗盗難 (てんぽとうなん)
the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money
強盗, 襲撃
the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage
賄賂行為 (わいろこうい), 賄賂 (わいろ)
the killing of a criminal as punishment
死刑 (しけい), capital punishment (キャピタル・パンニッシュメント)
the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime
終身刑, 無期懲役
the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person
判決, 刑罰
(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully
試みられた (こころみられた), 未遂の (みすいの)
to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner
捕まえる (つかまえる), 捕獲する (ほかくする)
to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime
有罪判決を下す (ゆうざいはんけつをくだす), 厳罰を科す (げんばつをかす)
using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit
腐敗した (ふはいした), 不正な (ふせいな)
to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law
罰金を科す (ばっきんをかす), 罰する (ばっする)
an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law
a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried
拘留 (こうりゅう), 監禁 (かんきん)
someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met
人質（ひとじち）, 囚人（しゅうじん）
not having committed a wrongdoing or offense
無罪の, 潔白な
| TOEFL のための基本語彙 |
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