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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 罪と罰

TOEFL試験に必要な「有罪判決」「アリバイ」「詐欺」など、罪と罰に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation

the act of breaking a legal code

違反, 侵害

違反, 侵害

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[名詞]
assault

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

攻撃, 襲撃

攻撃, 襲撃

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[名詞]
investigation

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

調査, 捜査

調査, 捜査

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[名詞]
suspect

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

容疑者, 疑いのある人

容疑者, 疑いのある人

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[名詞]
criminal

someone who does or is involved in an illegal activity

犯罪者, 犯罪者

犯罪者, 犯罪者

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[名詞]
convict

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

受刑者, 有罪判決の人

受刑者, 有罪判決の人

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[名詞]
to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

監禁する, 拘束する

監禁する, 拘束する

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[動詞]
alibi

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

アリバイ

アリバイ

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[名詞]
to confess

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

自白する, 認める

自白する, 認める

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[動詞]
confession

a personal account where someone openly admits to their mistakes or reveals private details about their life

告白

告白

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[名詞]
to breach

to break an agreement, law, etc.

違反する, 破る

違反する, 破る

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[動詞]
blackmail

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

脅迫, 恐喝

脅迫, 恐喝

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[名詞]
terrorism

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

テロリズム

テロリズム

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[名詞]
vandalism

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

バンダリズム, 破壊行為

バンダリズム, 破壊行為

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[名詞]
kidnapping

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

誘拐, キッドナッピング

誘拐, キッドナッピング

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[名詞]
identity theft

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

アイデンティティ盗難, 個人情報盗用

アイデンティティ盗難, 個人情報盗用

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[名詞]
fraud

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

詐欺, 不正行為

詐欺, 不正行為

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[名詞]
hijack

seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination

ハイジャック, 強奪

ハイジャック, 強奪

Google Translate
[名詞]
human trafficking

the crime of transporting or controlling people and forcing them to work in the sex trade or other forms of forced labor

人身売買, 人間の密輸

人身売買, 人間の密輸

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[名詞]
shoplifting

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

万引き, ショップリフティング

万引き, ショップリフティング

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[名詞]
pickpocketing

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

スリ, ポケットからの盗み

スリ, ポケットからの盗み

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[名詞]
mugging

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

強奪, 襲撃

強奪, 襲撃

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[名詞]
bribery

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

賄賂, 汚職

賄賂, 汚職

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[名詞]
capital punishment

the killing of a criminal as punishment

死刑, 厳正なる罰

死刑, 厳正なる罰

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[名詞]
life sentence

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

無期懲役, 終身刑

無期懲役, 終身刑

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[名詞]
sentence

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

刑, 判決

刑, 判決

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[名詞]
offense

any act that is against a law

違反, 犯罪

違反, 犯罪

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[名詞]
attempted

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

試みられた, 未遂の

試みられた, 未遂の

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[形容詞]
to capture

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

捕まえる, キャッチする

捕まえる, キャッチする

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[動詞]
to condemn

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

有罪判決を下す, 非難する

有罪判決を下す, 非難する

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[動詞]
corrupt

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

腐敗した, 腐敗

腐敗した, 腐敗

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[形容詞]
to fine

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

罰金を科す, 罰する

罰金を科す, 罰する

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[動詞]
penalty

a punishment that someone receives for violating a law, contract, etc.

罰則, ペナルティ

罰則, ペナルティ

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[名詞]
custody

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

拘留, 逮捕

拘留, 逮捕

Google Translate
[名詞]
hostage

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

人質

人質

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[名詞]
innocent

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

無罪の, 無実の

無罪の, 無実の

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[形容詞]
guilty

having done something that is not legal offense

有罪の, 違法行為を行った

有罪の, 違法行為を行った

Google Translate
[形容詞]
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