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托福必备词汇 - 罪与罚

在这里,你将学习一些关于犯罪和惩罚的英语单词,如“定罪”、“不在场证明”、“欺诈”等,这些都是托福考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation
[名词]

the act of breaking a legal code

违反, 犯罪

违反, 犯罪

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assault
[名词]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

袭击, 攻击

袭击, 攻击

Ex: The assault was captured on surveillance cameras , providing crucial evidence for the investigation .**袭击**被监控摄像头拍下,为调查提供了关键证据。
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an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

调查,  侦查

调查, 侦查

Ex: Law enforcement officials are carrying out an investigation to uncover the truth behind the incident .执法人员正在进行一项**调查**,以揭露事件背后的真相。
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suspect
[名词]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

嫌疑犯

嫌疑犯

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .
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criminal
[名词]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

罪犯, 犯罪分子

罪犯, 犯罪分子

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .**罪犯**承认抢劫了银行。
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convict
[名词]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

罪犯, 囚犯

罪犯, 囚犯

Ex: The convict's family visited him regularly , offering support and encouragement .**罪犯**的家人定期探望他,提供支持和鼓励。
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to imprison
[动词]

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

监禁, 关押

监禁, 关押

Ex: By the end of the day , the court will have hopefully imprisoned all suspects involved in the case .到一天结束时,法院将有希望**监禁**所有涉及此案的嫌疑人。
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alibi
[名词]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

不在场证明

不在场证明

Ex: Her alibi of attending a family gathering was corroborated by multiple family members .她参加家庭聚会的**不在场证明**得到了多位家庭成员的证实。
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to confess
[动词]

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

供认, 承认

供认, 承认

Ex: If the evidence is strong , the accused will likely confess during the trial .如果证据确凿,被告可能会在审判期间**供认**。
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confession
[名词]

a personal account where someone openly admits to their mistakes or reveals private details about their life

坦白, 忏悔

坦白, 忏悔

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to breach
[动词]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

违反, 破坏

违反, 破坏

Ex: A legal dispute arose between the two parties due to one side breaching the terms of the partnership agreement .由于一方**违反**了合伙协议的条款,双方之间发生了法律纠纷。
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blackmail
[名词]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

敲诈, 勒索

敲诈, 勒索

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case of blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .警方对一起涉及向当地政治家发送威胁信的**勒索**案件展开了调查。
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terrorism
[名词]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

恐怖主义

恐怖主义

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws against terrorism to protect national security .许多国家正在加强反对**恐怖主义**的法律以保护国家安全。
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vandalism
[名词]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

故意破坏

故意破坏

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park .志愿者们组织了一次清理工作,以修复当地公园因**破坏行为**造成的损害。
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kidnapping
[名词]

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

绑架, 劫持

绑架, 劫持

Ex: International agencies are working together to prevent child kidnapping.国际机构正在共同努力防止儿童**绑架**。
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the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

身份盗窃, 身份欺诈

身份盗窃, 身份欺诈

Ex: He discovered the identity theft when he received bills for purchases he never made .当他收到从未进行过的购买的账单时,他发现了**身份盗窃**。
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fraud
[名词]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

欺诈, 诈骗

欺诈, 诈骗

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used for fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .她震惊地发现自己的身份被盗并用于**欺诈**,导致她的信用评分受损。
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hijack
[名词]

seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination

劫持, 劫机

劫持, 劫机

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the crime of transporting or controlling people and forcing them to work in the sex trade or other forms of forced labor

人口贩运, 贩卖人口

人口贩运, 贩卖人口

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shoplifting
[名词]

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

商店行窃, 店内盗窃

商店行窃, 店内盗窃

Ex: The security team implemented new measures to prevent shoplifting.安全团队实施了新措施以防止**商店行窃**。
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the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

扒窃, 掏包

扒窃, 掏包

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mugging
[名词]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

抢劫, 为了钱财而威胁或殴打他人

抢劫, 为了钱财而威胁或殴打他人

Ex: The mugging left him without his wallet and phone .**抢劫**让他失去了钱包和手机。
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bribery
[名词]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

贿赂,  贪污

贿赂, 贪污

Ex: The anti-corruption campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers of bribery in both public and private sectors .反腐败运动旨在提高人们对公共和私营部门中**贿赂**危险的认识。
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the killing of a criminal as punishment

死刑, 极刑

死刑, 极刑

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .**死刑**是为法律上认为最严重的罪行保留的,例如谋杀。
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the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

无期徒刑

无期徒刑

Ex: The notorious criminal was finally apprehended and given multiple life sentences for his violent crimes .臭名昭著的罪犯终于被抓获,并因其暴力犯罪被判处多项**无期徒刑**。
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sentence
[名词]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

判决, 刑罚

判决, 刑罚

Ex: He received a ten-year sentence for robbery .他因抢劫被判处十年**徒刑**。
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offense
[名词]

any act that is against a law

违法, 犯罪

违法, 犯罪

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .
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attempted
[形容词]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

未遂

未遂

Ex: He was charged with attempted murder after the altercation.在争执之后,他被指控**企图**谋杀。
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to capture
[动词]

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

捕捉, 捕获

捕捉, 捕获

Ex: Last year , the researchers captured a specimen of a rare butterfly species .去年,研究人员**捕获**了一只稀有蝴蝶物种的标本。
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to condemn
[动词]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

谴责, 严惩

谴责, 严惩

Ex: The court condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .法院因贩运大量非法物质**判处**毒枭数十年监禁。
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corrupt
[形容词]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

腐败的, 贪污的

腐败的, 贪污的

Ex: The corrupt police officers extorted money from citizens by threatening false charges .**腐败的**警察通过威胁虚假指控向市民勒索钱财。
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to fine
[动词]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

罚款, 处以罚款

罚款, 处以罚款

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .他因在公共场所乱扔垃圾而被**罚款**。
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penalty
[名词]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

罚款, 处罚

罚款, 处罚

Ex: A penalty was imposed for dumping waste into the river .因向河流倾倒废物而被处以**罚款**。
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custody
[名词]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

拘留, 羁押

拘留, 羁押

Ex: The inmate was released from custody after serving his sentence .在服刑期满后,这名囚犯从**拘留**中被释放。
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hostage
[名词]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

人质, 囚犯

人质, 囚犯

Ex: After hours of negotiation , the police successfully freed the hostage and apprehended the criminals .经过数小时的谈判,警方成功解救了**人质**并逮捕了罪犯。
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innocent
[形容词]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

无辜的, 清白的

无辜的, 清白的

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .**无辜的**司机对另一名司机的疏忽造成的车祸没有责任。
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guilty
[形容词]

having done something that is not legal offense

有罪的

有罪的

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托福必备词汇
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