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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Crime et Punition

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur le crime et la punition, tels que "condamné", "alibi", "fraude", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation

the act of breaking a legal code

délit

délit

assault
assault
[nom]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

agression

agression

Ex: The victim sustained injuries during the assault and was taken to the hospital for treatment. 
investigation

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

enquête

enquête

Ex: The company conducted an internal investigation to determine the cause of the data breach. 
suspect
suspect
[nom]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

suspect, suspecte

suspect, suspecte

Ex: The main suspect in the robbery was seen fleeing the area on camera. 
criminal

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

criminel, criminelle

criminel, criminelle

Ex: The criminal was sentenced to five years in prison. 
convict
convict
[nom]

a person serving a prison sentence after being found guilty of a crime

détenu, détenue, prisonnier, prisonnière

détenu, détenue, prisonnier, prisonnière

Ex: Each convict was assigned a job within the prison. 
to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

emprisonner, mettre en prison

emprisonner, mettre en prison

Ex: Law enforcement authorities may imprison individuals found guilty of serious crimes. 

Les autorités chargées de l'application de la loi peuvent emprisonner les individus reconnus coupables de crimes graves.

alibi
alibi
[nom]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

alibi

alibi

Ex: The defense attorney presented several witnesses to support the defendant's alibi. 

L'avocat de la défense a présenté plusieurs témoins pour soutenir l'alibi du défendeur.

to confess
to confess
[verbe]

to admit that one has committed a crime or done something wrong

avouer

avouer

Ex: Daniel confessed that he had taken the money. 
confession

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

aveu

aveu

Ex: The detective obtained a signed confession from the perpetrator during interrogation. 

Le détective a obtenu une confession signée du coupable pendant l'interrogatoire.

to breach
to breach
[verbe]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

transgresser, violer

transgresser, violer

Ex: The employee was terminated for breaching the company's code of conduct. 
blackmail

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

chantage

chantage

Ex: The businessman was arrested for engaging in blackmail against a rival company. 

L'homme d'affaires a été arrêté pour s'être livré à du chantage contre une entreprise rivale.

terrorism

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

terrorisme

terrorisme

Ex: International efforts are ongoing to prevent terrorism and promote peace. 

Les efforts internationaux se poursuivent pour prévenir le terrorisme et promouvoir la paix.

vandalism

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

vandalisme

vandalisme

Ex: The park was closed temporarily due to vandalism that left graffiti on the playground equipment. 

Le parc a été fermé temporairement en raison de vandalisme qui a laissé des graffitis sur les équipements de jeux.

kidnapping

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

enlèvement, kidnapping

enlèvement, kidnapping

Ex: The child’s kidnapping shocked the entire community. 

L'enlèvement de l'enfant a choqué toute la communauté.

identity theft

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

vol d'identité

vol d'identité

Ex: Identity theft can lead to significant financial loss and damage to your credit score. 

Le vol d'identité peut entraîner des pertes financières importantes et des dommages à votre cote de crédit.

fraud
fraud
[nom]

the crime or act of deliberately deceiving someone in order to gain money or an unfair advantage

fraude

fraude

Ex: She was convicted of fraud after taking money from several clients. 
hijack
hijack
[nom]

the unlawful seizure of a vehicle in transit, usually to rob it or force it to change course

détournement

détournement

Ex: Authorities prevented a planned hijack at the airport. 

Les autorités ont empêché un détournement prévu à l'aéroport.

human trafficking

the illegal trade of people for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of coercion

traite des êtres humains

traite des êtres humains

Ex: Human trafficking is a serious global crime. 

La traite des êtres humains est un crime mondial grave.

shoplifting

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

vol à l’étalage

vol à l’étalage

Ex: The store installed cameras to reduce shoplifting incidents. 

Le magasin a installé des caméras pour réduire les incidents de vol à l'étalage.

pickpocketing

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

pickpocketing

pickpocketing

mugging
mugging
[nom]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

agression

agression

Ex: The mugging happened late at night near the train station. 

L'agression s'est produite tard dans la nuit près de la gare.

bribery
bribery
[nom]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

corruption, subornation

corruption, subornation

Ex: Bribery is a serious crime that undermines the fairness of government systems and businesses. 

La corruption est un crime grave qui sape l'équité des systèmes gouvernementaux et des entreprises.

capital punishment

the killing of a criminal as punishment

peine capitale

peine capitale

Ex: The state abolished capital punishment decades ago, opting for life imprisonment instead. 

L'État a aboli la peine capitale il y a des décennies, optant plutôt pour la prison à vie.

life sentence

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

réclusion à perpétuité, condamnation à perpétuité

réclusion à perpétuité, condamnation à perpétuité

Ex: Despite pleading for leniency, the judge imposed a life sentence on the defendant. 

Malgré des appels à la clémence, le juge a imposé une peine de prison à perpétuité au défendeur.

sentence

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentence, peine, condamnation

sentence, peine, condamnation

Ex: The court reduced her sentence due to good behavior. 
offense
offense
[nom]

any act that is against a law

délit, infraction

délit, infraction

Ex: The driver received a ticket for a traffic offense. 
attempted
attempted
[Adjectif]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

tentative de

tentative de

Ex: The report detailed several attempted arsons in the neighborhood. 

Le rapport a détaillé plusieurs tentatives d'incendie criminel dans le quartier.

to capture
to capture
[verbe]

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

capturer, prendre

capturer, prendre

Ex: The police officer captures criminals and ensures they face legal consequences. 
to condemn
to condemn
[verbe]

to officially sentence someone to a particular punishment

condamner

condamner

Ex: He was condemned to death after being convicted of murder. 
corrupt
corrupt
[Adjectif]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

corrompu

corrompu

Ex: The corrupt banker manipulated financial markets for his own profit, causing widespread economic harm. 

Le banquier corrompu a manipulé les marchés financiers pour son propre profit, causant des dommages économiques généralisés.

to fine
to fine
[verbe]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

donner une amende à, donner une contravention à

donner une amende à, donner une contravention à

Ex: The city council decided to fine residents who fail to properly sort their recycling. 
penalty
penalty
[nom]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

sanction

sanction

Ex: The company faced a large penalty for violating safety regulations. 
custody
custody
[nom]

the state of being kept under legal restraint by the police or other authorities, especially while awaiting trial

garde à vue, détention provisoire

garde à vue, détention provisoire

Ex: Daniel was taken into custody shortly after the incident. 
hostage
hostage
[nom]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

otage

otage

Ex: Negotiators worked tirelessly to secure the safe return of the hostage from the rebel camp. 
innocent
innocent
[Adjectif]

not guilty of a crime, offense, or wrongdoing

innocent

innocent

Ex: Daniel insisted that he was innocent. 
guilty
guilty
[Adjectif]

having done something that is not legal offense

coupable

coupable

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