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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Crime and Punishment

Here you will learn some English words about crime and punishment, such as "convict", "alibi", "fraud", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation
violation
[noun]

the act of breaking a legal code

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assault
assault
[noun]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

Ex: The police arrested the suspect for assault after he attacked a passerby on the street. 
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investigation

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

Ex: The detective launched an investigation into the mysterious disappearance of the jewelry. 
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suspect
suspect
[noun]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

Ex: The police arrested the suspect after matching his fingerprints to the crime scene. 
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criminal
criminal
[noun]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

Ex: The police arrested the criminal after a long investigation. 
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convict
convict
[noun]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

Ex: The convict was sentenced to ten years in prison for robbery. 
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to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

Ex: The court decided to imprison the convicted felon for a term of ten years. 
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alibi
alibi
[noun]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

Ex: The suspect's alibi placed him at a restaurant with friends at the time of the crime. 
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to confess

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

Ex: The suspect decided to confess to the crime during the police interrogation. 
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confession

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

Ex: The suspect's confession led to his arrest and subsequent trial. 
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to breach
to breach
[Verb]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

Ex: The company faced legal action for breaching the terms of the contract. 
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blackmail
blackmail
[noun]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

Ex: She was a victim of blackmail after someone threatened to expose her personal emails. 
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terrorism
terrorism
[noun]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

Ex: Terrorism poses a significant challenge to global security and stability. 
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vandalism
vandalism
[noun]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

Ex: After the vandalism of the public library, the community came together to clean and restore the damaged areas. 
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kidnapping

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

Ex: Kidnapping for ransom has become a serious crime in some regions. 
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identity theft

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

Ex: She became a victim of identity theft when someone used her Social Security number to open a bank account. 
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fraud
fraud
[noun]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

Ex: He was arrested for fraud after it was discovered that he had been falsifying financial records for years. 
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hijack
hijack
[noun]

the unlawful seizure of a vehicle in transit, usually to rob it or force it to change course

Ex: The hijack of the plane lasted for several tense hours. 
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human trafficking

the illegal trade of people for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of coercion

Ex: Authorities rescued victims of human trafficking. 
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shoplifting

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

Ex: Shoplifting is considered a serious crime in most countries. 
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pickpocketing

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

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mugging
mugging
[noun]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

Ex: He reported the mugging to the police immediately. 
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bribery
bribery
[noun]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

Ex: The politician was accused of bribery after it was revealed that he accepted money to influence his decisions. 
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capital punishment

the killing of a criminal as punishment

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 
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life sentence

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

Ex: The convicted murderer was given a life sentence for his crimes. 
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sentence
sentence
[noun]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

Ex: The judge handed down a life sentence for the crime. 
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offense
offense
[noun]

any act that is against a law

Ex: Shoplifting is considered a criminal offense in most countries. 
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attempted
attempted
[Adjective]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

Ex: The police investigated an attempted robbery at the bank. 
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to capture

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

Ex: The zookeepers capture wild animals for conservation purposes. 
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to condemn

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

Ex: The court condemned the serial killer to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. 
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corrupt
corrupt
[Adjective]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

Ex: The corrupt politician embezzled public funds for personal gain. 
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to fine
to fine
[Verb]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

Ex: The police officer fined the driver for speeding in a school zone. 
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penalty
penalty
[noun]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

Ex: He paid a heavy penalty for parking illegally downtown. 
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custody
custody
[noun]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

Ex: The suspect was placed in custody pending a bail hearing. 
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hostage
hostage
[noun]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

Ex: The kidnappers took several employees hostage during the bank robbery, demanding a ransom for their release. 
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innocent
innocent
[Adjective]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

Ex: The evidence presented in court proved that he was innocent of the crime he was accused of. 
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guilty
guilty
[Adjective]

having done something that is not legal offense

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