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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Crime and Punishment

Here you will learn some English words about crime and punishment, such as "convict", "alibi", "fraud", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
assault
[noun]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

Ex: assault was captured on surveillance cameras , providing crucial evidence for the investigation .
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an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

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criminal
[noun]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

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convict
[noun]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

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to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

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alibi
[noun]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

Ex: alibi of attending a family gathering was corroborated by multiple family members .
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to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

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to breach
[Verb]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

Ex: A legal dispute arose between the two parties due to one breaching the terms of the partnership agreement .
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blackmail
[noun]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

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terrorism
[noun]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws terrorism to protect national security .
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vandalism
[noun]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused vandalism in the local park .
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the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

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the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

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fraud
[noun]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

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the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

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mugging
[noun]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

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bribery
[noun]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

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the killing of a criminal as punishment

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the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

Ex: The notorious criminal was finally apprehended and given life sentences for his violent crimes .
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sentence
[noun]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

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attempted
[Adjective]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

Ex: The authorities responded to attempted break-in at the store .
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to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

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to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

Ex: The condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .
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corrupt
[Adjective]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

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to fine
[Verb]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

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penalty
[noun]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

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custody
[noun]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

Ex: The inmate was released custody after serving his sentence .
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hostage
[noun]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

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innocent
[Adjective]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

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