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Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Crime and Punishment

Here you will learn some English words about crime and punishment, such as "convict", "alibi", "fraud", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation
violation
[noun]

the act of breaking a legal code

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assault
assault
[noun]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

Ex: The assault was captured on surveillance cameras , providing crucial evidence for the investigation .
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investigation

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

Ex: Law enforcement officials are carrying out an investigation to uncover the truth behind the incident .
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suspect
suspect
[noun]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .
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criminal
criminal
[noun]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .
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convict
convict
[noun]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

Ex: The convict's family visited him regularly , offering support and encouragement .
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to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

Ex: By the end of the day , the court will have hopefully imprisoned all suspects involved in the case .
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alibi
alibi
[noun]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

Ex: Her alibi of attending a family gathering was corroborated by multiple family members .
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to confess

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

Ex: If the evidence is strong , the accused will likely confess during the trial .
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confession

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

Ex: The confession was pivotal in solving the cold case that had baffled investigators for years .
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to breach
to breach
[Verb]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

Ex: A legal dispute arose between the two parties due to one side breaching the terms of the partnership agreement .
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blackmail
blackmail
[noun]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case of blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .
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terrorism
terrorism
[noun]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws against terrorism to protect national security .
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vandalism
vandalism
[noun]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park .
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kidnapping

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

Ex: International agencies are working together to prevent child kidnapping.
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identity theft

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

Ex: He discovered the identity theft when he received bills for purchases he never made .
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fraud
fraud
[noun]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used for fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .
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hijack
hijack
[noun]

the unlawful seizure of a vehicle in transit, usually to rob it or force it to change course

Ex: The movie depicts a dramatic train hijack.
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human trafficking

the illegal trade of people for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of coercion

Ex: Many NGOs work to support survivors of human trafficking.
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shoplifting

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

Ex: The security team implemented new measures to prevent shoplifting.
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pickpocketing

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

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mugging
mugging
[noun]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

Ex: The mugging left him without his wallet and phone .
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bribery
bribery
[noun]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

Ex: The anti-corruption campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers of bribery in both public and private sectors .
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capital punishment

the killing of a criminal as punishment

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .
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life sentence

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

Ex: The notorious criminal was finally apprehended and given multiple life sentences for his violent crimes .
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sentence
sentence
[noun]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

Ex: He received a ten-year sentence for robbery .
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offense
offense
[noun]

any act that is against a law

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .
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attempted
attempted
[Adjective]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

Ex: He was charged with attempted murder after the altercation.
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to capture

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

Ex: Last year , the researchers captured a specimen of a rare butterfly species .
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to condemn

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

Ex: The court condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .
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corrupt
corrupt
[Adjective]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

Ex: The corrupt police officers extorted money from citizens by threatening false charges .
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to fine
to fine
[Verb]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .
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penalty
penalty
[noun]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

Ex: A penalty was imposed for dumping waste into the river .
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custody
custody
[noun]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

Ex: The inmate was released from custody after serving his sentence .
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hostage
hostage
[noun]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

Ex: After hours of negotiation , the police successfully freed the hostage and apprehended the criminals .
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innocent
innocent
[Adjective]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .
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guilty
guilty
[Adjective]

having done something that is not legal offense

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