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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Crimă și Pedepsă

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre crimă și pedeapsă, cum ar fi "condamnat", "alibi", "fraudă" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation
violation
[substantiv]

the act of breaking a legal code

încălcare, infracțiune

încălcare, infracțiune

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assault
assault
[substantiv]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

agresiune, atac

agresiune, atac

Ex: The police arrested the suspect for assault after he attacked a passerby on the street. 
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investigation
investigation
[substantiv]

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

investigație,  anchetă

investigație, anchetă

Ex: The detective launched an investigation into the mysterious disappearance of the jewelry. 
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suspect
suspect
[substantiv]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

suspect

suspect

Ex: The police arrested the suspect after matching his fingerprints to the crime scene. 
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criminal
criminal
[substantiv]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

criminal, delincvent

criminal, delincvent

Ex: The police arrested the criminal after a long investigation. 
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convict
convict
[substantiv]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

condamnat, deținut

condamnat, deținut

Ex: The convict was sentenced to ten years in prison for robbery. 
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to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

întemnița, încarcera

întemnița, încarcera

Ex: The court decided to imprison the convicted felon for a term of ten years. 
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alibi
alibi
[substantiv]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

alibi

alibi

Ex: The suspect's alibi placed him at a restaurant with friends at the time of the crime. 
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to confess

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

mărturisi, recunoaște

mărturisi, recunoaște

Ex: The suspect decided to confess to the crime during the police interrogation. 
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confession
confession
[substantiv]

a formal statement made by a person admitting that they are guilty of a crime

mărturisire,  confesiune

mărturisire, confesiune

Ex: The suspect's confession led to his arrest and subsequent trial. 
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to breach
to breach
[verb]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

încalca, viola

încalca, viola

Ex: The company faced legal action for breaching the terms of the contract. 
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blackmail
blackmail
[substantiv]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

șantaj, extorcare

șantaj, extorcare

Ex: She was a victim of blackmail after someone threatened to expose her personal emails. 
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terrorism
terrorism
[substantiv]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

terorism

terorism

Ex: Terrorism poses a significant challenge to global security and stability. 
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vandalism
vandalism
[substantiv]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

vandalism

vandalism

Ex: After the vandalism of the public library, the community came together to clean and restore the damaged areas. 
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kidnapping
kidnapping
[substantiv]

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

răpire, kidnapping

răpire, kidnapping

Ex: Kidnapping for ransom has become a serious crime in some regions. 
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identity theft
identity theft
[substantiv]

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

furt de identitate, fraudă de identitate

furt de identitate, fraudă de identitate

Ex: She became a victim of identity theft when someone used her Social Security number to open a bank account. 
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fraud
fraud
[substantiv]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

fraudă, înșelăciune

fraudă, înșelăciune

Ex: He was arrested for fraud after it was discovered that he had been falsifying financial records for years. 
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hijack
hijack
[substantiv]

the unlawful seizure of a vehicle in transit, usually to rob it or force it to change course

deturnare, piraterie

deturnare, piraterie

Ex: The hijack of the plane lasted for several tense hours. 
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human trafficking
human trafficking
[substantiv]

the illegal trade of people for forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of coercion

traficul de persoane, traficul de oameni

traficul de persoane, traficul de oameni

Ex: Authorities rescued victims of human trafficking. 
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shoplifting
shoplifting
[substantiv]

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

furt din magazin, shoplifting

furt din magazin, shoplifting

Ex: Shoplifting is considered a serious crime in most countries. 
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pickpocketing
pickpocketing
[substantiv]

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

hoție din buzunar, pickpocketing

hoție din buzunar, pickpocketing

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mugging
mugging
[substantiv]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

jaf, agresiune pentru jaf

jaf, agresiune pentru jaf

Ex: He reported the mugging to the police immediately. 
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bribery
bribery
[substantiv]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

mită,  corupție

mită, corupție

Ex: The politician was accused of bribery after it was revealed that he accepted money to influence his decisions. 
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capital punishment
capital punishment
[substantiv]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

pedeapsa capitală, pedeapsa cu moartea

pedeapsa capitală, pedeapsa cu moartea

Ex: The debate over capital punishment continues to be a contentious issue in many countries. 
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life sentence
life sentence
[substantiv]

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

închisoare pe viață

închisoare pe viață

Ex: The convicted murderer was given a life sentence for his crimes. 
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sentence
sentence
[substantiv]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

pedeapsă, sentință

pedeapsă, sentință

Ex: The judge handed down a life sentence for the crime. 
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offense
offense
[substantiv]

any act that is against a law

infracțiune, delict

infracțiune, delict

Ex: Shoplifting is considered a criminal offense in most countries. 
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attempted
attempted
[adjectiv]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

încercat

încercat

Ex: The police investigated an attempted robbery at the bank. 
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to capture

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

a captura, a prinde

a captura, a prinde

Ex: The zookeepers capture wild animals for conservation purposes. 
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to condemn

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

condamna, pedepsi sever

condamna, pedepsi sever

Ex: The court condemned the serial killer to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. 
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corrupt
corrupt
[adjectiv]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

corupt, mituit

corupt, mituit

Ex: The corrupt politician embezzled public funds for personal gain. 
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to fine
to fine
[verb]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

amenda, a aplica o amendă

amenda, a aplica o amendă

Ex: The police officer fined the driver for speeding in a school zone. 
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penalty
penalty
[substantiv]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

amendă, pedeapsă

amendă, pedeapsă

Ex: He paid a heavy penalty for parking illegally downtown. 
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custody
custody
[substantiv]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

arest, detenție

arest, detenție

Ex: The suspect was placed in custody pending a bail hearing. 
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hostage
hostage
[substantiv]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

ostag, prizonier

ostag, prizonier

Ex: The kidnappers took several employees hostage during the bank robbery, demanding a ransom for their release. 
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innocent
innocent
[adjectiv]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

nevinovat, nevinovată

nevinovat, nevinovată

Ex: The evidence presented in court proved that he was innocent of the crime he was accused of. 
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guilty
guilty
[adjectiv]

having done something that is not legal offense

vinovat

vinovat

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