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Vocabulário Essencial para o TOEFL - Crime e Castigo

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês sobre crime e punição, como "condenado", "álibi", "fraude", etc., que são necessárias para o exame TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
violation
[substantivo]

the act of breaking a legal code

violação, infração

violação, infração

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assault
[substantivo]

an act of crime in which someone physically attacks another person

agressão, assalto

agressão, assalto

Ex: The assault was captured on surveillance cameras , providing crucial evidence for the investigation .O **assalto** foi captado por câmeras de vigilância, fornecendo provas cruciais para a investigação.
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investigation
[substantivo]

an attempt to gather the facts of a matter such as a crime, incident, etc. to find out the truth

investigação,  inquérito

investigação, inquérito

Ex: Law enforcement officials are carrying out an investigation to uncover the truth behind the incident .Os oficiais da aplicação da lei estão realizando uma **investigação** para descobrir a verdade por trás do incidente.
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suspect
[substantivo]

someone who is believed to be guilty of an offence

suspeito

suspeito

Ex: Despite being a suspect, he insisted he was innocent until proven guilty .
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criminal
[substantivo]

a person who does or is involved in an illegal activity

criminoso, delinquente

criminoso, delinquente

Ex: The criminal confessed to robbing the bank .O **criminoso** confessou ter roubado o banco.
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convict
[substantivo]

a person found guilty of a crime and sent to prison

condenado, presidiário

condenado, presidiário

Ex: The convict's family visited him regularly , offering support and encouragement .A família do **condenado** visitava-o regularmente, oferecendo apoio e incentivo.
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to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

aprisionar, encarcerar

aprisionar, encarcerar

Ex: By the end of the day , the court will have hopefully imprisoned all suspects involved in the case .Até o final do dia, o tribunal terá, esperançosamente, **aprisionado** todos os suspeitos envolvidos no caso.
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alibi
[substantivo]

proof that indicates a person was somewhere other than the place where a crime took place and therefore could not have committed it

álibi

álibi

Ex: Her alibi of attending a family gathering was corroborated by multiple family members .Seu **álibi** de comparecer a uma reunião de família foi corroborado por vários membros da família.
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to confess
[verbo]

to admit, especially to the police or legal authorities, that one has committed a crime or has done something wrong

confessar, admitir

confessar, admitir

Ex: If the evidence is strong , the accused will likely confess during the trial .Se as evidências forem fortes, o acusado provavelmente **confessará** durante o julgamento.
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confession
[substantivo]

a personal account where someone openly admits to their mistakes or reveals private details about their life

confissão, admissão

confissão, admissão

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to breach
[verbo]

to break an agreement, law, etc.

violar, quebrar

violar, quebrar

Ex: A legal dispute arose between the two parties due to one side breaching the terms of the partnership agreement .Uma disputa legal surgiu entre as duas partes devido a uma **violação** dos termos do acordo de parceria por um dos lados.
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blackmail
[substantivo]

the crime of demanding money or benefits from someone by threatening to reveal secret or sensitive information about them

chantagem, extorsão

chantagem, extorsão

Ex: The police launched an investigation into a case of blackmail involving threatening letters sent to a local politician .A polícia lançou uma investigação sobre um caso de **chantagem** envolvendo cartas ameaçadoras enviadas a um político local.
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terrorism
[substantivo]

the act of using violence such as killing people, bombing, etc. to gain political power

terrorismo

terrorismo

Ex: Many countries are strengthening their laws against terrorism to protect national security .Muitos países estão fortalecendo suas leis contra o **terrorismo** para proteger a segurança nacional.
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vandalism
[substantivo]

the illegal act of purposefully damaging a property belonging to another person or organization

vandalismo

vandalismo

Ex: Volunteers organized a cleanup effort to repair the damage caused by vandalism in the local park .Os voluntários organizaram um esforço de limpeza para reparar os danos causados pelo **vandalismo** no parque local.
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kidnapping
[substantivo]

the act of taking someone against their will and imprisoning them

sequestro, rapto

sequestro, rapto

Ex: International agencies are working together to prevent child kidnapping.Agências internacionais estão trabalhando juntas para prevenir o **sequestro** de crianças.
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identity theft
[substantivo]

the illegal use of someone's name and personal information without their knowledge, particularly to gain money or goods

roubo de identidade, fraude de identidade

roubo de identidade, fraude de identidade

Ex: He discovered the identity theft when he received bills for purchases he never made .Ele descobriu o **roubo de identidade** quando recebeu contas por compras que nunca fez.
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fraud
[substantivo]

the act of cheating in order to make illegal money

fraude, burla

fraude, burla

Ex: She was shocked to learn that her identity had been stolen and used for fraud, leaving her with a damaged credit score .Ela ficou chocada ao descobrir que sua identidade havia sido roubada e usada para **fraude**, deixando-a com uma pontuação de crédito danificada.
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hijack
[substantivo]

seizure of a vehicle in transit either to rob it or divert it to an alternate destination

sequestro, hijacking

sequestro, hijacking

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human trafficking
[substantivo]

the crime of transporting or controlling people and forcing them to work in the sex trade or other forms of forced labor

tráfico de seres humanos, tráfico humano

tráfico de seres humanos, tráfico humano

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shoplifting
[substantivo]

the crime of taking goods from a store without paying for them

furto em lojas, roubo em lojas

furto em lojas, roubo em lojas

Ex: The security team implemented new measures to prevent shoplifting.A equipe de segurança implementou novas medidas para prevenir **furtos em lojas**.
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pickpocketing
[substantivo]

the action of stealing from a person's pocket or bag

furto de carteira, pickpocketing

furto de carteira, pickpocketing

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mugging
[substantivo]

the act of threatening someone or beating them in order to gain some money

assalto, roubo

assalto, roubo

Ex: The mugging left him without his wallet and phone .O **assalto** deixou-o sem sua carteira e telefone.
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bribery
[substantivo]

the act of offering money to an authority to gain advantage

suborno,  corrupção

suborno, corrupção

Ex: The anti-corruption campaign aims to raise awareness about the dangers of bribery in both public and private sectors .A campanha anticorrupção visa aumentar a conscientização sobre os perigos do **suborno** nos setores público e privado.
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capital punishment
[substantivo]

the killing of a criminal as punishment

pena capital, pena de morte

pena capital, pena de morte

Ex: Capital punishment is reserved for crimes deemed most severe under the law , such as murder .A **pena capital** é reservada para crimes considerados mais graves sob a lei, como assassinato.
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life sentence
[substantivo]

the punishment in which an individual is made to stay in jail for the rest of their life, typically for committing a serious crime

prisão perpétua

prisão perpétua

Ex: The notorious criminal was finally apprehended and given multiple life sentences for his violent crimes .O criminoso notório foi finalmente capturado e condenado a várias **penas de prisão perpétua** por seus crimes violentos.
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sentence
[substantivo]

the punishment that the court assigned for a guilty person

sentença, condenação

sentença, condenação

Ex: He received a ten-year sentence for robbery .Ele recebeu uma **sentença** de dez anos por roubo.
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offense
[substantivo]

any act that is against a law

infração, delito

infração, delito

Ex: He was arrested for a minor offense, but was released with a warning .
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attempted
[adjetivo]

(of a crime, suicide, etc.) not done successfully

tentado

tentado

Ex: He was charged with attempted murder after the altercation.Ele foi acusado de **tentativa** de homicídio após a altercação.
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to capture
[verbo]

to catch an animal or a person and keep them as a prisoner

capturar, apanhar

capturar, apanhar

Ex: Last year , the researchers captured a specimen of a rare butterfly species .No ano passado, os pesquisadores **capturaram** um espécime de uma espécie rara de borboleta.
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to condemn
[verbo]

to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime

condenar, punir severamente

condenar, punir severamente

Ex: The court condemned the drug lord to decades behind bars for trafficking large quantities of illegal substances .O tribunal **condenou** o chefe do tráfico a décadas atrás das grades por traficar grandes quantidades de substâncias ilegais.
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corrupt
[adjetivo]

using one's power or authority to do illegal things for personal gain or financial benefit

corrupto, desonesto

corrupto, desonesto

Ex: The corrupt police officers extorted money from citizens by threatening false charges .Os policiais **corruptos** extorquiram dinheiro dos cidadãos ameaçando com acusações falsas.
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to fine
[verbo]

to make someone pay a sum of money as punishment for violation of the law

multar, aplicar uma multa

multar, aplicar uma multa

Ex: He was fined for littering in a public area .Ele foi **multado** por jogar lixo em uma área pública.
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penalty
[substantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a rule or law

multa, penalidade

multa, penalidade

Ex: A penalty was imposed for dumping waste into the river .Uma **multa** foi imposta por despejar lixo no rio.
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custody
[substantivo]

a state in which a person is kept in jail or prison, particularly while waiting to be tried

custódia, detenção

custódia, detenção

Ex: The inmate was released from custody after serving his sentence .O preso foi libertado da **custódia** após cumprir sua sentença.
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hostage
[substantivo]

someone held prisoner by a person or group who will be set free if the demands of that person or group are met

refém, prisioneiro

refém, prisioneiro

Ex: After hours of negotiation , the police successfully freed the hostage and apprehended the criminals .Após horas de negociação, a polícia conseguiu libertar **o refém** e prender os criminosos.
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innocent
[adjetivo]

not having committed a wrongdoing or offense

inocente, não culpado

inocente, não culpado

Ex: The innocent driver was not at fault for the car accident caused by the other driver 's negligence .O motorista **inocente** não teve culpa no acidente de carro causado pela negligência do outro motorista.
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guilty
[adjetivo]

having done something that is not legal offense

culpado

culpado

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Vocabulário Essencial para o TOEFL
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