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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Katiyakan at Pagdududa

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa katiyakan at pagdududa, tulad ng "duda", "siguraduhin", "asahan", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na TOEFL.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
certainty
certainty
[Pangngalan]

the state of being sure about something, usually when there is proof

katiyakan

katiyakan

Ex: Her certainty in her ability to complete the marathon came from months of dedicated training. 

Ang kanyang katiyakan sa kanyang kakayahang makumpleto ang marathon ay nagmula sa mga buwan ng tapat na pagsasanay.

doubt
doubt
[Pangngalan]

a feeling of disbelief or uncertainty about something

duda, kawalan ng katiyakan

duda, kawalan ng katiyakan

Ex: The decision was made quickly, leaving no room for doubt. 

Ang desisyon ay mabilis na ginawa, na walang puwang para sa duda.

confusion
confusion
[Pangngalan]

a state of being confused and not having a clear understanding of an action, behavior, etc.

pagkakalito

pagkakalito

Ex: The student's confusion was evident when he couldn't solve the math problem. 

Ang pagkalito ng estudyante ay halata nang hindi niya masolusyunan ang problema sa matematika.

confidence
confidence
[Pangngalan]

a state of hopeful expectation that things will turn out favorably

kumpiyansa, tiwala

kumpiyansa, tiwala

Ex: She faced the challenge with confidence. 

Hinarap niya ang hamon nang may kumpiyansa.

probability
probability
[Pangngalan]

the likelihood or chance of an event occurring or being true

posibilidad

posibilidad

Ex: The probability of winning the lottery is extremely low. 

Ang probabilidad na manalo sa loterya ay lubhang mababa.

probable
probable
[pang-uri]

having a high possibility of happening or being true based on available evidence or circumstances

malamang

malamang

Ex: With clear skies and no signs of storm, it seems probable that the outdoor event will proceed as planned. 

Sa malinaw na kalangitan at walang mga palatandaan ng bagyo, tila malamang na magpapatuloy ang outdoor event ayon sa plano.

to suspect
to suspect
[Pandiwa]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

maghinala, hinalaan

maghinala, hinalaan

Ex: I suspect he's been lying about where he was last night. 

Nagdududa ako na nagsisinungaling siya tungkol sa kung nasaan siya kagabi.

to assure
to assure
[Pandiwa]

to make someone feel confident or certain about someone or something

tiyakin, garantiyahan

tiyakin, garantiyahan

Ex: The company assured its customers of the product's quality 

Tiniyak ng kumpanya sa kanyang mga customer ang kalidad ng produkto.

to hesitate
to hesitate
[Pandiwa]

to pause before saying or doing something because of uncertainty or nervousness

mag-atubili, mag-alinlangan

mag-atubili, mag-alinlangan

Ex: When asked about the promotion, Sarah hesitated before responding. 

Nang tinanong tungkol sa promosyon, nag-atubili si Sarah bago sumagot.

hesitation
hesitation
[Pangngalan]

a feeling of doubt, uncertainty, or reluctance before acting

pag-aatubili, pagtitigil

pag-aatubili, pagtitigil

Ex: She showed hesitation before agreeing to the risky plan. 

Nagpakita siya ng pag-aatubili bago sumang-ayon sa mapanganib na plano.

conviction
conviction
[Pangngalan]

a belief or opinion that is very strong

paniniwala, matibay na paniniwala

paniniwala, matibay na paniniwala

Ex: Despite criticism, she held onto her conviction that renewable energy is the key to a sustainable future. 

Sa kabila ng mga puna, nanatili siya sa kanyang paniniwala na ang renewable energy ang susi sa isang sustainable na hinaharap.

to guarantee
to guarantee
[Pandiwa]

to make sure that something will occur

garantiyahan, siguraduhin

garantiyahan, siguraduhin

Ex: The meticulous planning guarantees that the event will run smoothly without any hitches. 

Ang masusing pagpaplano ay nagagarantiya na ang kaganapan ay magaganap nang maayos.

to ensure
to ensure
[Pandiwa]

to make sure that something will happen

siguraduhin, garantiyahin

siguraduhin, garantiyahin

Ex: The captain ensured the safety of the passengers during the storm. 

Tiniyak ng kapitan ang kaligtasan ng mga pasahero sa panahon ng bagyo.

to expect
to expect
[Pandiwa]

to think or believe that it is possible for something to happen or for someone to do something

asahan, inaasahan

asahan, inaasahan

Ex: He expects a promotion after all his hard work this year. 

Inaasahan niya ang isang promosyon pagkatapos ng lahat ng kanyang pagsusumikap sa taong ito.

speculative
speculative
[pang-uri]

according to opinions or guesses instead of facts or evidence

mapaghulo, haka-haka

mapaghulo, haka-haka

Ex: The article contained speculative theories about the origins of the universe. 

Ang artikulo ay naglalaman ng mga spekulatibong teorya tungkol sa pinagmulan ng sansinukob.

concrete
concrete
[pang-uri]

according to facts instead of opinions

kongkreto, nasasalat

kongkreto, nasasalat

Ex: In scientific research, it is crucial to provide concrete evidence to support hypotheses and conclusions. 

Sa pananaliksik na pang-agham, mahalagang magbigay ng kongkretong ebidensya upang suportahan ang mga hinuha at konklusyon.

undeniable
undeniable
[pang-uri]

clearly true and therefore impossible to deny or question

hindi matatanggihan, hindi mapag-aalinlanganan

hindi matatanggihan, hindi mapag-aalinlanganan

Ex: The impact of climate change on the environment is undeniable, as evidenced by rising temperatures and melting ice caps. 

Ang epekto ng pagbabago ng klima sa kapaligiran ay hindi matatanggihan, gaya ng pinatutunayan ng tumataas na temperatura at natutunaw na yelo.

debatable
debatable
[pang-uri]

subject to argument or disagreement

mapagtalunan, maipapagtalo

mapagtalunan, maipapagtalo

Ex: His actions in the situation are debatable, as some believe he made the right call while others disagree. 

Ang kanyang mga aksyon sa sitwasyon ay napagdedebatihan, dahil naniniwala ang ilan na tama ang kanyang desisyon habang ang iba ay hindi sumasang-ayon.

inevitable
inevitable
[pang-uri]

unable to be prevented

hindi maiiwasan

hindi maiiwasan

Ex: As technology advances, it becomes increasingly inevitable that automation will replace certain jobs. 

Habang sumusulong ang teknolohiya, lalong nagiging di maiiwasan na papalitan ng automation ang ilang mga trabaho.

bound
bound
[pang-uri]

likely to happen or sure to experience something

malamang na mangyari, tiyak na mararanasan ang isang bagay

malamang na mangyari, tiyak na mararanasan ang isang bagay

Ex: If they continue to follow the new guidelines, they are bound to see improvements in their results. 

Kung patuloy nilang susundin ang mga bagong alituntunin, sila ay tiyak na makakakita ng mga pagpapabuti sa kanilang mga resulta.

tentative
tentative
[pang-uri]

not firmly established or decided, with the possibility of changes in the future

pansamantala, di-tiyak

pansamantala, di-tiyak

Ex: The plan for the project is tentative, with room for adjustments as more information becomes available. 

Ang plano para sa proyekto ay pansamantala, na may puwang para sa mga pag-aayos habang mas maraming impormasyon ang nagiging available.

convinced
convinced
[pang-uri]

having a strong belief in something

kumbinsido, tiyak

kumbinsido, tiyak

Ex: After the meeting, she was convinced that the new strategy was the best approach. 

Pagkatapos ng pulong, siya ay nakumbinsi na ang bagong estratehiya ang pinakamahusay na paraan.

set
set
[pang-uri]

prepared or likely prepared for something

handa, nakahanda

handa, nakahanda

Ex: After months of planning and rehearsals, the cast was set for the opening night of the play. 

Matapos ang mga buwan ng pagpaplano at pagsasanay, ang cast ay handa na para sa opening night ng play.

inconclusive
inconclusive
[pang-uri]

not producing a clear result or decision

hindi tiyak, hindi konklusibo

hindi tiyak, hindi konklusibo

Ex: The inconclusive examination findings prompted the doctor to order additional tests. 

Ang hindi tiyak na mga natuklasan sa pagsusuri ang nag-udyok sa doktor na mag-utos ng karagdagang mga pagsusuri.

presumably
presumably
[pang-abay]

used to say that the something is believed to be true based on available information or evidence

siguro, marahil

siguro, marahil

Ex: She left the office early, presumably to attend a family event. 

Maaga siyang umalis sa opisina, marahil upang dumalo sa isang family event.

to assume
to assume
[Pandiwa]

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

ipalagay, akalain

ipalagay, akalain

Ex: She often assumes that everyone agrees with her perspective. 

Madalas niyang ipagpalagay na lahat ay sumasang-ayon sa kanyang pananaw.

assumption
assumption
[Pangngalan]

an idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof

palagay, haka-haka

palagay, haka-haka

Ex: His assumption about the meeting time was incorrect. 

Ang kanyang palagay tungkol sa oras ng pulong ay hindi tama.

decidedly
decidedly
[pang-abay]

in a way that is certain and beyond any doubt

tiyak, walang duda

tiyak, walang duda

Ex: The weather was decidedly colder than the forecast suggested. 

Ang panahon ay talagang mas malamig kaysa sa inaasahan ng forecast.

supposedly
supposedly
[pang-abay]

used to suggest that something is assumed to be true, often with a hint of doubt

daw, sinasabing

daw, sinasabing

Ex: She was supposedly the last person to leave the building, according to eyewitnesses. 

Ayon sa mga saksi, siya ay parang ang huling taong umalis sa gusali.

doubtful
doubtful
[pang-uri]

improbable or unlikely to happen or be the case

duda, hindi tiyak

duda, hindi tiyak

Ex: The weather forecast makes it doubtful that we will have a sunny weekend for the picnic. 

Ang weather forecast ay nagpapaduda na magkakaroon tayo ng sunny weekend para sa picnic.

dubious
dubious
[pang-uri]

causing doubt or suspicion

kahina-hinala, nagdududa

kahina-hinala, nagdududa

Ex: His dubious explanation for being late didn’t seem believable. 

Ang kanyang kahina-hinala na paliwanag sa pagiging huli ay hindi mukhang kapani-paniwala.

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