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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 確実性と疑い

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「疑い」「保証する」「期待する」など、確実性と疑いに関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
certainty
certainty
[名詞]

the state of being completely sure that something is true or will happen

確信,  確実性

確信, 確実性

Ex: She knew with absolute certainty that she had locked the door. 
doubt
doubt
[名詞]

a feeling of disbelief or uncertainty about something

疑い, 不確実性

疑い, 不確実性

Ex: She couldn't shake the nagging doubt that she had made the wrong decision. 
confusion
confusion
[名詞]

a state of being unable to think clearly or understand something

Ex: Emma looked at the instructions in confusion. 
confidence
confidence
[名詞]

a state of hopeful expectation that things will turn out favorably

自信, 確信

自信, 確信

Ex: The students entered the exam room with confidence. 
probability
probability
[名詞]

the likelihood that something will happen or be true

確率,  見込み

確率, 見込み

Ex: There is a high probability of rain this evening. 
probable
probable
[形容詞]

having a high possibility of happening or being true based on available evidence or circumstances

可能性が高い

可能性が高い

Ex: With clear skies and no signs of storm, it seems probable that the outdoor event will proceed as planned. 
to suspect
to suspect
[動詞]

to think that something is probably true, especially something bad, without having proof

疑う, 不審に思う

疑う, 不審に思う

Ex: She suspects there's more to the story than he's telling her. 
to assure
to assure
[動詞]

to make someone feel certain, confident, or less worried about something

安心させる,  請け合う

安心させる, 請け合う

Ex: The doctor's calm explanation assured Emma that there was no serious problem. 
to hesitate
to hesitate
[動詞]

to pause before acting or deciding because of uncertainty, nervousness, or reluctance

ためらう,  躊躇する

ためらう, 躊躇する

Ex: Emma hesitated before opening the unfamiliar email. 
hesitation
hesitation
[名詞]

a feeling of doubt, uncertainty, or reluctance before acting

ためらい, 躊躇

ためらい, 躊躇

Ex: She showed hesitation before agreeing to the risky plan. 

彼女は危険な計画に同意する前に ためらい を示した。

conviction
conviction
[名詞]

a firmly held belief or opinion

Ex: Sarah has a strong conviction that education can change lives. 
to guarantee
to guarantee
[動詞]

to make sure that something will occur

保証する, 確実にする

保証する, 確実にする

Ex: The thorough training program guarantees that employees will be well-prepared to handle any situation. 
to ensure
to ensure
[動詞]

to make sure that something will happen

保証する, 確保する

保証する, 確保する

Ex: The chef is ensuring that each dish meets the restaurant's standards. 
to expect
to expect
[動詞]

to think or believe that it is possible for something to happen or for someone to do something

期待する, 予想する

期待する, 予想する

Ex: The teacher outlined what students could expect on the upcoming exam. 
speculative
speculative
[形容詞]

according to opinions or guesses instead of facts or evidence

推測の, 仮説の

推測の, 仮説の

Ex: The article contained speculative theories about the origins of the universe. 

その記事には宇宙の起源に関する推測的な理論が含まれていました。

concrete
concrete
[形容詞]

specific, definite, and based on actual facts or details rather than general ideas

具体的な,  明確な

具体的な, 明確な

Ex: We need concrete evidence before making a decision. 
undeniable
undeniable
[形容詞]

clearly true and therefore impossible to deny or question

否定できない, 明白な

否定できない, 明白な

Ex: The impact of climate change on the environment is undeniable, as evidenced by rising temperatures and melting ice caps. 

気候変動が環境に与える影響は、気温の上昇や氷冠の融解によって証明されるように否定できないものです。

debatable
debatable
[形容詞]

subject to argument or disagreement

議論の余地がある, 疑わしい

議論の余地がある, 疑わしい

Ex: The fairness of the election process has been a debatable topic for years. 

選挙プロセスの公平性は、長年にわたって議論の余地のある話題となっています。

inevitable
inevitable
[形容詞]

certain to happen and impossible to prevent or avoid

避けられない,  不可避の

避けられない, 不可避の

Ex: Some delays were inevitable because of the severe weather. 
bound
bound
[形容詞]

certain or extremely likely to happen or be true

きっと, 必ず

きっと, 必ず

Ex: You're bound to make a few mistakes when learning something new. 
tentative
tentative
[形容詞]

not firmly established or decided, with the possibility of changes in the future

暫定的な, 仮の

暫定的な, 仮の

Ex: The date for the event is tentative, as we're still waiting to confirm the availability of the venue. 

イベントの日付は暫定的です、会場の利用可能性を確認するのをまだ待っているためです。

convinced
convinced
[形容詞]

having a strong belief in something

確信している, 納得した

確信している, 納得した

Ex: After the meeting, she was convinced that the new strategy was the best approach. 

会議の後、彼女は新しい戦略が最善のアプローチだと確信していました。

set
set
[形容詞]

prepared or likely prepared for something

準備ができた, 準備万端

準備ができた, 準備万端

Ex: The company is set to launch its new product line next month after extensive market research and development. 
inconclusive
inconclusive
[形容詞]

not producing a clear result or decision

決定的でない, 結論に至らない

決定的でない, 結論に至らない

Ex: The inconclusive meeting left the team uncertain about the next steps to take. 

結論の出ない会議は、チームに次のステップについての不確実性を残した。

presumably
presumably
[副詞]

used to say that the something is believed to be true based on available information or evidence

おそらく, 推定される

おそらく, 推定される

Ex: She left the office early, presumably to attend a family event. 

彼女は早くオフィスを出た、おそらく家族の行事に出席するため。

to assume
to assume
[動詞]

to think that something is true without having proof or evidence

仮定する, 想定する

仮定する, 想定する

Ex: They assumed the project would be easy, but it turned out to be quite challenging. 
assumption
assumption
[名詞]

an idea or belief that one thinks is true without having a proof

仮定, 仮説

仮定, 仮説

Ex: It's a common assumption that older cars are less reliable. 
decidedly
decidedly
[副詞]

in a way that is certain and beyond any doubt

断然, 疑いなく

断然, 疑いなく

Ex: The weather was decidedly colder than the forecast suggested. 

天気は予報よりも確実に寒かった。

supposedly
supposedly
[副詞]

used to suggest that something is assumed to be true, often with a hint of doubt

おそらく, 言われているところによると

おそらく, 言われているところによると

Ex: She was supposedly the last person to leave the building, according to eyewitnesses. 

目撃者によると、彼女はおそらく建物を出た最後の人だった。

doubtful
doubtful
[形容詞]

improbable or unlikely to happen or be the case

疑わしい, 不確かな

疑わしい, 不確かな

Ex: It seems doubtful that they will finish the project on time given the current delays. 

現在の遅れを考えると、彼らがプロジェクトを時間通りに終わらせるのは疑わしいようです。

dubious
dubious
[形容詞]

causing doubt or suspicion

疑わしい, 不審な

疑わしい, 不審な

Ex: His dubious explanation for being late didn’t seem believable. 

遅刻したことに対する彼の疑わしい説明は信じがたいものだった。

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