Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le GRE - La Loi

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

acquitter

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

annulation, nullité

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

qui engage, qui lie

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

acte de transfert, convention de transfert

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

contresigner, countersigner

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

menotter, ligoter

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

obligation

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

décret

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

rédiger, élaborer

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

faire appliquer, faire respecter

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

impeachment, mise en accusation

a formal accusation of a crime

inculpation

to violate someone's rights or property

enfreindre, contrevenir à, transgresser

a group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court

tribunal, cour

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

enquête, enquête judiciaire

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

décès intestat

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

système judiciaire

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

législation

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

légitime

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

législature

to initiate legal action against another party or person

intenter une action en justice, poursuivre en justice

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

magistrat

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

mémorandum, note de service

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

casser

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

pardonner à

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

liberté conditionnelle

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

plaignant, plaignante

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

plaider, implorer

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

procédure judiciaire, action en justice

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

disposition, clause

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

poursuites, poursuites judiciaires

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

renonciation, dispense

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

composter

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

témoignage, déposition

an officially written and established law

loi

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

témoigner

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

respecter

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

renvoyer

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

maintenir, soutenir