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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Vezměte zákon do svých rukou!

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o právu, jako je „cuff“, „infringe“, „litigate“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
affidavit
[Podstatné jméno]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

prohlášení učiněné pod přísahou, čestné prohlášení

prohlášení učiněné pod přísahou, čestné prohlášení

Ex: Falsifying information in affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .
to acquit
[sloveso]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

osvobodit, zprostit viny

osvobodit, zprostit viny

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .
annulment
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

zrušení, neplatnost

zrušení, neplatnost

Ex: Due to annulment, all contractual obligations were erased as if the contract had never existed .
binding
[Přídavné jméno]

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

závazný, povinný

závazný, povinný

conveyance
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

převod, převodní dokument

převod, převodní dokument

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

podepsat, potvrdit

podepsat, potvrdit

Ex: For the contract to be enforceable , the director countersign the agreement .
to cuff
[sloveso]

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

spoutat, přikovat

spoutat, přikovat

debenture
[Podstatné jméno]

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

dluhopis, pohledávka

dluhopis, pohledávka

decree
[Podstatné jméno]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

nařízení, dekreta

nařízení, dekreta

to draw up
[sloveso]

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

vypracovat, sepsat

vypracovat, sepsat

to enforce
[sloveso]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

prosazovat, vynucovat

prosazovat, vynucovat

impeachment
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

impeachment, odvolání

impeachment, odvolání

indictment
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal accusation of a crime

obžaloba, obvinění

obžaloba, obvinění

to infringe
[sloveso]

to violate someone's rights or property

porušit, narušit

porušit, narušit

tribunal
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court

tribunál, soudní výbor

tribunál, soudní výbor

inquest
[Podstatné jméno]

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

šetření, vyšetřování

šetření, vyšetřování

intestacy
[Podstatné jméno]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

neplatnost závěti, dědění bez závěti

neplatnost závěti, dědění bez závěti

judiciary
[Podstatné jméno]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

soudnictvo, justiční systém

soudnictvo, justiční systém

legitimate
[Přídavné jméno]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

legitimní, oprávněný

legitimní, oprávněný

legislature
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

zákonodárný sbor, legislativa

zákonodárný sbor, legislativa

Ex: legislature has two parts : the House of Representatives and the Senate .
to litigate
[sloveso]

to initiate legal action against another party or person

žalovat, soudně uplatnit

žalovat, soudně uplatnit

Ex: She litigate to protect her intellectual property .
magistrate
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

soudce, magistrát

soudce, magistrát

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .
memorandum
[Podstatné jméno]

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

memorandum, zápis

memorandum, zápis

Ex: The company sent memorandum to all employees about the upcoming policy changes .
to overturn
[sloveso]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

zrušit, převrátit

zrušit, převrátit

to pardon
[sloveso]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

omilostnit, pardonovat

omilostnit, pardonovat

parole
[Podstatné jméno]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

podmíněné propuštění, parole

podmíněné propuštění, parole

plaintiff
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

žalobce, navrhovatel

žalobce, navrhovatel

to plead
[sloveso]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

přiznat se, vznášet obhajobu

přiznat se, vznášet obhajobu

proceedings
[Podstatné jméno]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

řízení, postup

řízení, postup

provision
[Podstatné jméno]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

ustanovení, podmínka

ustanovení, podmínka

prosecution
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

stíhání, prokuratura

stíhání, prokuratura

waiver
[Podstatné jméno]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

vzdaní se, podání o vzdání se práv

vzdaní se, podání o vzdání se práv

to void
[sloveso]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

zrušit, neplatný

zrušit, neplatný

testimony
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

svědectví, výpověď

svědectví, výpověď

statute
[Podstatné jméno]

an officially written and established law

statut, zákon

statut, zákon

to testify
[sloveso]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

svědčit, dosvědčit

svědčit, dosvědčit

to abide by
[sloveso]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

dodržovat, řídit se

dodržovat, řídit se

Ex: During the court trial , witnesses are required abide by the judge 's directives .
to remand
[sloveso]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

vrátit případ, předat případ zpět

vrátit případ, předat případ zpět

to uphold
[sloveso]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

potvrdit, zachovat

potvrdit, zachovat

Ex: The disciplinary upheld the suspension after reviewing all the evidence and testimonies .
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