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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - Tomar la Justicia por Tu Mano

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre ley, como "cuff", "infringe", "litigate", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
affidavit
[Sustantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

afidávit

afidávit

Ex: Falsifying information in affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .Falsificar información en un **affidávit** puede resultar en serias consecuencias legales, incluyendo cargos de perjurio.
to acquit
[Verbo]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absolver

absolver

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .El proceso de exoneración finalmente llevó a la decisión del tribunal de **absolver** al acusado de todos los cargos.
annulment
[Sustantivo]

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

anulación, revocación

anulación, revocación

Ex: Due to annulment, all contractual obligations were erased as if the contract had never existed .Debido a la **anulación**, todas las obligaciones contractuales fueron borradas como si el contrato nunca hubiera existido.
binding
[Adjetivo]

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

vinculante, obligatorio

vinculante, obligatorio

Ex: The terms and conditions outlined in the user agreement are binding upon acceptance.Los términos y condiciones establecidos en el acuerdo de usuario son **vinculantes** tras su aceptación.
conveyance
[Sustantivo]

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

traspaso, transferencia

traspaso, transferencia

Ex: He reviewed conveyance to ensure all terms of the sale were accurately documented .Revisó la **escritura de traspaso** para asegurarse de que todos los términos de la venta estuvieran documentados con precisión.

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

refrendar

refrendar

Ex: For the contract to be enforceable , the director countersign the agreement .Para que el contrato sea ejecutable, el director debe **refrendar** el acuerdo.
to cuff
[Verbo]

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

esposar

esposar

Ex: The security team cuffed the unruly individual until order was restored .El equipo de seguridad logró **esposar** al individuo revoltoso hasta que se restauró el orden.
debenture
[Sustantivo]

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

obligación, vale

obligación, vale

Ex: Unlike secured bonds , debenture was not tied to any specific assets .A diferencia de los bonos garantizados, este **debenture** no estaba vinculado a ningún activo específico.
decree
[Sustantivo]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

sentencia

sentencia

Ex: The local mayor issued decree to improve public safety measures .El alcalde local emitió un **decreto** para mejorar las medidas de seguridad pública.
to draw up
[Verbo]

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

redactar, elaborar

redactar, elaborar

Ex: The government officials collaborated draw up new regulations for environmental protection .Los funcionarios del gobierno colaboraron para **redactar** nuevas regulaciones para la protección del medio ambiente.
to enforce
[Verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

Ex: Security enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .El personal de seguridad **hace cumplir** las reglas del lugar para garantizar la seguridad y el disfrute de todos los asistentes.
impeachment
[Sustantivo]

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

proceso de destitución

proceso de destitución

Ex: Public opinion was divided on whether impeachment was justified .La opinión pública estaba dividida sobre si el **juicio político** estaba justificado.
indictment
[Sustantivo]

a formal accusation of a crime

acusación

acusación

Ex: Upon receiving indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .Tras recibir el **acta de acusación**, el acusado fue arrestado y puesto bajo custodia por los agentes del orden.

to violate someone's rights or property

infringir, violar

infringir, violar

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty infringing the patent rights of a competing company .El tribunal declaró al acusado culpable de **infringir** los derechos de patente de una empresa competidora.
tribunal
[Sustantivo]

a group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court

tribunal

tribunal

Ex: A panel of judges from tribunal heard the arguments presented by both sides .Un panel de jueces del **tribunal** escuchó los argumentos presentados por ambas partes.
inquest
[Sustantivo]

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

investigación

investigación

Ex: The official report from inquest was released to the public .El informe oficial de la **investigación** fue publicado al público.
intestacy
[Sustantivo]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

intestado

intestado

Ex: The family faced complications in settling the deceased 's affairs due to the absence of a will and the application intestacy laws .La familia enfrentó complicaciones al resolver los asuntos del fallecido debido a la ausencia de un testamento y la aplicación de las leyes de **intestate**.
judiciary
[Sustantivo]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

poder judicial

poder judicial

Ex: judiciary operates independently from the executive and legislative branches .El **poder judicial** opera independientemente de los poderes ejecutivo y legislativo.
legislation
[Sustantivo]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

legislación

legislación

legitimate
[Adjetivo]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

legítimo, legal

legítimo, legal

Ex: The agreement was negotiated and signed legitimate terms and conditions .El acuerdo fue negociado y firmado bajo términos y condiciones **legítimos**.
legislature
[Sustantivo]

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

asamblea legislativa, legislatura

asamblea legislativa, legislatura

Ex: legislature has two parts : the House of Representatives and the Senate .La **legislatura** consta de dos partes: la Cámara de Representantes y el Senado.

to initiate legal action against another party or person

litigar

litigar

Ex: She litigate to protect her intellectual property .Ella tuvo que **litigar** para proteger su propiedad intelectual.
magistrate
[Sustantivo]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

juez de paz

juez de paz

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .Los **magistrados** desempeñan un papel crucial en el sistema judicial, manejando una amplia gama de casos desde violaciones de tráfico hasta delitos menores.
memorandum
[Sustantivo]

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

memorándum

memorándum

Ex: The company sent memorandum to all employees about the upcoming policy changes .La empresa envió un **memorándum** a todos los empleados sobre los próximos cambios en la política.

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

anular

anular

Ex: The athlete's suspension was overturned after a thorough review of the doping test results.La suspensión del atleta fue **revocada** después de una revisión exhaustiva de los resultados de las pruebas de dopaje.
to pardon
[Verbo]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

indultar

indultar

Ex: The clemency petition resulted in the decision pardon the non-violent offenders .La petición de clemencia resultó en la decisión de **indultar** a los delincuentes no violentos.
parole
[Sustantivo]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.La **libertad condicional** ofrece a los delincuentes la oportunidad de rehabilitación y reintegración en la sociedad bajo supervisión, con el objetivo de reducir la reincidencia.
plaintiff
[Sustantivo]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

demandante

demandante

Ex: During the trial , plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .Durante el juicio, el **demandante** testificó sobre el impacto de las acciones del acusado.
to plead
[Verbo]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

defender

defender

Ex: Despite the evidence against him , the defendant chose plead not guilty by reason of insanity .A pesar de las pruebas en su contra, el acusado optó por **declararse** no culpable por razones de locura.
proceedings
[Sustantivo]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

proceso

proceso

Ex: proceedings were marked by intense arguments between the opposing counsels .Los **procedimientos** estuvieron marcados por intensos argumentos entre los abogados opuestos.
provision
[Sustantivo]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

estipulación, disposición

estipulación, disposición

Ex: The will had provision specifying how the estate should be divided among the heirs .El testamento tenía una **disposición** que especificaba cómo se debía dividir la herencia entre los herederos.
prosecution
[Sustantivo]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

enjuiciamiento

enjuiciamiento

Ex: He faced a prosecution, which included multiple trials .Enfrentó un **procesamiento** riguroso, que incluyó múltiples juicios.
waiver
[Sustantivo]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

documento de renuncia

documento de renuncia

Ex: Before enrolling in the course , students had to sign waiver acknowledging the risks .Antes de inscribirse en el curso, los estudiantes tenían que firmar una **renuncia** reconociendo los riesgos.
to void
[Verbo]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

anular

anular

Ex: The voided the warranty when the product was found to be tampered with .La empresa **anuló** la garantía cuando se descubrió que el producto había sido manipulado.
testimony
[Sustantivo]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

testimonio, declaración

testimonio, declaración

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of testimony.El abogado defensor interrogó al testigo para desafiar la credibilidad de su **testimonio**.
statute
[Sustantivo]

an officially written and established law

ley, estatuto

ley, estatuto

Ex: Under statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .Según el **estatuto**, la empresa debe proporcionar capacitación anual en seguridad para los empleados.
to testify
[Verbo]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

testificar, declarar

testificar, declarar

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing testify truthfully for a fair trial .El tribunal depende de testigos que están dispuestos a **testificar** con veracidad para un juicio justo.

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

cumplir con

cumplir con

Ex: During the court trial , witnesses are required abide by the judge 's directives .Durante el juicio, se requiere que los testigos **acaten** las directrices del juez.
to remand
[Verbo]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

remitir

remitir

Ex: The judge 's decision remand the juvenile offender to a rehabilitation facility was aimed at providing appropriate intervention and support .La decisión del juez de **remitir** al delincuente juvenil a un centro de rehabilitación tenía como objetivo proporcionar una intervención y apoyo adecuados.
to uphold
[Verbo]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

conservar

conservar

Ex: The disciplinary upheld the suspension after reviewing all the evidence and testimonies .El panel disciplinario **confirmó** la suspensión después de revisar todas las pruebas y testimonios.
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