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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - Tomar la Justicia por Tu Mano

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre ley, como "cuff", "infringe", "litigate", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
affidavit
affidavit
[Sustantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

afidávit

afidávit

Ex: Before submitting the document to the court, the attorney carefully reviewed the affidavit to ensure its accuracy and completeness. 

Antes de presentar el documento ante el tribunal, el abogado revisó cuidadosamente el affidavit para garantizar su precisión e integridad.

to acquit
to acquit
[Verbo]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absolver

absolver

Ex: Last month, the court acquitted the accused after a thorough trial. 

El mes pasado, el tribunal absolvió al acusado después de un juicio exhaustivo.

annulment
annulment
[Sustantivo]

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

anulación, revocación

anulación, revocación

Ex: She filed for an annulment of her marriage after discovering her spouse's deception. 

Ella solicitó una anulación de su matrimonio después de descubrir el engaño de su cónyuge.

binding
binding
[Adjetivo]

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

vinculante, obligatorio

vinculante, obligatorio

Ex: Once you accept an offer, it becomes a binding agreement, and you are obligated to follow through. 

Una vez que aceptas una oferta, se convierte en un acuerdo vinculante, y estás obligado a cumplirlo.

conveyance
conveyance
[Sustantivo]

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

traspaso, transferencia

traspaso, transferencia

Ex: They needed a conveyance to legally change the title of the land. 

Necesitaban un documento de transmisión para cambiar legalmente el título de la tierra.

to countersign

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

refrendar

refrendar

Ex: The official document was valid only after the secretary countersigned it. 

El documento oficial fue válido solo después de que el secretario lo refrendó.

to cuff
to cuff
[Verbo]

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

esposar

esposar

Ex: The detective chose to cuff the suspect before transporting them to the courthouse. 

El detective decidió esposar al sospechoso antes de transportarlo al juzgado.

debenture
debenture
[Sustantivo]

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

obligación, vale

obligación, vale

Ex: She purchased a debenture from the corporation to secure a steady income stream. 

Ella compró un bono de la corporación para asegurar un flujo de ingresos constante.

decree
decree
[Sustantivo]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

sentencia

sentencia

Ex: A royal decree was announced to change the national holiday schedule. 

Se anunció un decreto real para cambiar el calendario de días festivos nacionales.

to draw up
to draw up
[Verbo]

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

redactar, elaborar

redactar, elaborar

Ex: The team gathered to draw up a strategic proposal for the upcoming project. 

El equipo se reunió para elaborar una propuesta estratégica para el próximo proyecto.

to enforce
to enforce
[Verbo]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

hacer cumplir, hacer valer

Ex: It is important to enforce safety regulations to prevent workplace accidents. 

Es importante hacer cumplir las normas de seguridad para prevenir accidentes laborales.

impeachment
impeachment
[Sustantivo]

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

proceso de destitución

proceso de destitución

Ex: Impeachment of the official sparked widespread debate across the country. 

El juicio político al funcionario desató un amplio debate en todo el país.

indictment
indictment
[Sustantivo]

a formal accusation of a crime

acusación

acusación

Ex: The grand jury handed down an indictment, charging the suspect with multiple counts of fraud. 

El gran jurado emitió un indictamento, acusando al sospechoso de múltiples cargos de fraude.

to infringe

to violate someone's rights or property

infringir, violar

infringir, violar

Ex: Posting copyrighted material online without permission can infringe intellectual property rights. 

Publicar material con derechos de autor en línea sin permiso puede infringir los derechos de propiedad intelectual.

tribunal
tribunal
[Sustantivo]

a group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court

tribunal

tribunal

Ex: She appeared before the tribunal to present her defense. 

Ella compareció ante el tribunal para presentar su defensa.

inquest
inquest
[Sustantivo]

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

investigación

investigación

Ex: The inquest concluded that the death was a tragic accident. 

La investigación concluyó que la muerte fue un trágico accidente.

intestacy
intestacy
[Sustantivo]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

intestado

intestado

Ex: Without a will, the laws of intestacy dictate how the estate will be divided among the surviving family members. 

Sin un testamento, las leyes de intestatez dictan cómo se dividirá la herencia entre los miembros sobrevivientes de la familia.

judiciary
judiciary
[Sustantivo]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

poder judicial

poder judicial

Ex: The judiciary is composed of various levels of courts, from local to supreme. 

El poder judicial está compuesto por varios niveles de tribunales, desde los locales hasta el supremo.

legislation
legislation
[Sustantivo]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislación

legislación

Ex: The legislation on data privacy has changed how companies handle user information. 

La legislación sobre privacidad de datos ha cambiado cómo las empresas manejan la información del usuario.

legitimate
legitimate
[Adjetivo]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

legítimo, legal

legítimo, legal

Ex: Only legitimate voters are allowed to participate in the election process. 

Solo se permite que los votantes legítimos participen en el proceso electoral.

legislature
legislature
[Sustantivo]

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

asamblea legislativa, legislatura

asamblea legislativa, legislatura

Ex: The proposed bill is being discussed by the national legislature. 

El proyecto de ley propuesto está siendo discutido por la legislatura nacional.

to litigate

to initiate legal action against another party or person

litigar

litigar

Ex: She had to litigate to protect her intellectual property. 

Ella tuvo que litigar para proteger su propiedad intelectual.

magistrate
magistrate
[Sustantivo]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

juez de paz

juez de paz

Ex: She was appointed as a magistrate after years of experience as a practicing attorney. 

Fue nombrada magistrada después de años de experiencia como abogada en ejercicio.

memorandum
memorandum
[Sustantivo]

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

memorándum

memorándum

Ex: Before finalizing the deal, they signed a memorandum of understanding. 

Antes de finalizar el acuerdo, firmaron un memorándum de entendimiento.

to overturn

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

anular

anular

Ex: The new evidence presented in the case may lead to a decision to overturn the conviction. 

Las nuevas pruebas presentadas en el caso pueden llevar a una decisión de anular la condena.

to pardon
to pardon
[Verbo]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

indultar

indultar

Ex: The board voted to pardon the individual, clearing their criminal record. 

La junta votó para indultar al individuo, borrando su historial criminal.

parole
parole
[Sustantivo]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

Ex: While on parole, individuals must comply with strict rules and regulations, including regular check-ins with a parole officer. 

Mientras están en libertad condicional, los individuos deben cumplir con reglas y regulaciones estrictas, incluyendo registros regulares con un oficial de libertad condicional.

plaintiff
plaintiff
[Sustantivo]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

demandante

demandante

Ex: After filing the lawsuit, the plaintiff waited anxiously for the court date. 

Después de presentar la demanda, el demandante esperó ansiosamente la fecha del juicio.

to plead
to plead
[Verbo]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

defender

defender

Ex: In the court, the accused stood up and firmly stated, "I plead innocent, Your Honor." 

En el tribunal, el acusado se levantó y declaró firmemente: "Pleiteo inocente, Su Señoría."

proceedings
proceedings
[Sustantivo]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

proceso

proceso

Ex: Both parties agreed to settle the dispute outside of the formal court proceedings. 

Ambas partes acordaron resolver la disputa fuera de los procedimientos judiciales formales.

provision
provision
[Sustantivo]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

estipulación, disposición

estipulación, disposición

Ex: The agreement’s provision for dispute resolution was clear and detailed. 

La disposición del acuerdo para la resolución de disputas era clara y detallada.

prosecution
prosecution
[Sustantivo]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

enjuiciamiento

enjuiciamiento

Ex: Following the arrest, the prosecution moved forward with charges. 

Tras el arresto, la fiscalía procedió con los cargos.

waiver
waiver
[Sustantivo]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

documento de renuncia

documento de renuncia

Ex: He requested a waiver to bypass the standard application fees. 

Solicitó una exención para evitar las tarifas de solicitud estándar.

to void
to void
[Verbo]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

anular

anular

Ex: The board of directors decided to void the agreement with the supplier due to non-performance. 

La junta directiva decidió anular el acuerdo con el proveedor debido al incumplimiento.

testimony
testimony
[Sustantivo]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

testimonio, declaración

testimonio, declaración

Ex: Her testimony was crucial in establishing the defendant's guilt. 

Su testimonio fue crucial para establecer la culpabilidad del acusado.

statute
statute
[Sustantivo]

an officially written and established law

ley, estatuto

ley, estatuto

Ex: He challenged the statute in court, arguing that it was unconstitutional. 

Desafió el estatuto en la corte, argumentando que era inconstitucional.

to testify
to testify
[Verbo]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

testificar, declarar

testificar, declarar

Ex: Experts may be called to testify regarding their professional opinions on a case. 

Se puede llamar a los expertos a testificar respecto a sus opiniones profesionales sobre un caso.

to abide by

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

cumplir con

cumplir con

Ex: Children should learn to abide by their parents' guidance and rules. 

Los niños deberían aprender a acatar las orientaciones y reglas de sus padres.

to remand
to remand
[Verbo]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

remitir

remitir

Ex: The Supreme Court remanded the case to the lower court, citing errors in the original trial proceedings. 

El Tribunal Supremo devolvió el caso al tribunal inferior, citando errores en los procedimientos del juicio original.

to uphold
to uphold
[Verbo]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

conservar

conservar

Ex: The board voted to uphold the committee's decision to implement the new policy. 

La junta votó por mantener la decisión del comité de implementar la nueva política.

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