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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa GRE - Kunin ang Batas sa Iyong mga Kamay!

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa batas, tulad ng "posas", "lumabag", "mag-litigate", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit na GRE.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for the GRE
affidavit
affidavit
[Pangngalan]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

sinumpaang pahayag, affidavit

sinumpaang pahayag, affidavit

Ex: She signed an affidavit, swearing under oath to tell the truth in her statement to the court. 

Pumirma siya ng affidavit, nanumpa sa ilalim ng panunumpa na sasabihin ang katotohanan sa kanyang pahayag sa korte.

to acquit
to acquit
[Pandiwa]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

absuwelto, ideklarang walang kasalanan

absuwelto, ideklarang walang kasalanan

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 

Ang kumpanya ay inakusahan ng pagkakamali, ngunit pagkatapos ng isang masusing pagsisiyasat, sila ay hinatulan ng pagkawalang-sala sa anumang ilegal na mga gawain.

annulment
annulment
[Pangngalan]

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

pagpapawalang-bisa, kawalan ng bisa

pagpapawalang-bisa, kawalan ng bisa

Ex: The annulment of the official document was required to correct the administrative error. 

Ang pagpapawalang-bisa ng opisyal na dokumento ay kinakailangan upang itama ang administratibong pagkakamali.

binding
binding
[pang-uri]

imposing a legal or formal obligation that must be obeyed

nakakabigkis

nakakabigkis

Ex: Both parties signed a legally binding agreement. 
conveyance
conveyance
[Pangngalan]

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

dokumento ng paglilipat, kasulatan ng paglilipat-ari

dokumento ng paglilipat, kasulatan ng paglilipat-ari

Ex: Her lawyer prepared a conveyance to finalize the transfer of the estate. 

Ang kanyang abogado ay naghanda ng kasulatan ng paglilipat upang tapusin ang paglilipat ng ari-arian.

to countersign

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

kontrapirma, pumirma bilang pangalawang nagpirma

kontrapirma, pumirma bilang pangalawang nagpirma

Ex: The manager asked her assistant to countersign the contract for final approval. 

Hiniling ng manager sa kanyang assistant na pirmahan ang kontrata para sa huling pag-apruba.

to cuff
to cuff
[Pandiwa]

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

posasan, lagyan ng posas

posasan, lagyan ng posas

Ex: The police officer decided to cuff the suspect to ensure safety during the arrest. 

Nagpasya ang pulis na posasan ang suspek upang matiyak ang kaligtasan sa panahon ng pag-aresto.

debenture
debenture
[Pangngalan]

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

debenture, bono

debenture, bono

Ex: The company issued a debenture to raise funds for its expansion project 

Ang kumpanya ay naglabas ng debenture upang makalikom ng pondo para sa proyekto nitong pagpapalawak.

decree
decree
[Pangngalan]

an official order or authoritative decision issued by a ruler, government, or other authority

dekrito,  kautusan

dekrito, kautusan

Ex: The king issued a decree requiring the gates to close at sunset. 
to draw up
to draw up
[Pandiwa]

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

bumuo, ihanda

bumuo, ihanda

Ex: The team gathered to draw up a strategic proposal for the upcoming project. 

Ang koponan ay nagtipon upang bumuo ng isang estratehikong panukala para sa darating na proyekto.

to enforce
to enforce
[Pandiwa]

to make sure that a law, rule, or regulation is obeyed

Ex: Police are responsible for enforcing traffic laws. 
impeachment
impeachment
[Pangngalan]

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

pag-impeach, proseso ng pag-alis sa puwesto

pag-impeach, proseso ng pag-alis sa puwesto

Ex: He faced impeachment over allegations of misconduct while in office. 

Humarap siya sa impeachment dahil sa mga alegasyon ng maling pag-uugali habang nasa puwesto.

indictment
indictment
[Pangngalan]

a formal accusation of a crime

paratang, akusasyon

paratang, akusasyon

Ex: The indictment revealed a complex web of illegal activities involving drug trafficking and money laundering. 

Ang indictment ay nagbunyag ng isang kumplikadong web ng ilegal na mga gawain na kinasasangkutan ng drug trafficking at money laundering.

to infringe
to infringe
[Pandiwa]

to violate someone's rights or property

lumabag, sumuway

lumabag, sumuway

Ex: The company was warned about potential legal consequences if it continued to infringe environmental regulations. 

Ang kumpanya ay binalaan tungkol sa posibleng legal na kahihinatnan kung ito ay patuloy na lalabag sa mga regulasyon sa kapaligiran.

tribunal
tribunal
[Pangngalan]

an official court or group of people appointed to decide particular legal disputes or cases

hukuman,  tribunal

hukuman, tribunal

Ex: The dispute was referred to an independent tribunal. 
inquest
inquest
[Pangngalan]

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

pagsisiyasat, pagsisiyasat na panghukuman

pagsisiyasat, pagsisiyasat na panghukuman

Ex: The inquest revealed that the death was caused by a drug overdose. 

Ipinakita ng imbestigasyon na ang kamatayan ay dulot ng drug overdose.

intestacy
intestacy
[Pangngalan]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

kamatay nang walang testamento, intestacy

kamatay nang walang testamento, intestacy

Ex: In the absence of a will, the deceased's estate will be subject to intestacy, and the distribution will follow legal guidelines. 

Sa kawalan ng isang testamento, ang estate ng namatay ay mapapailalim sa intestacy, at ang pamamahagi ay susunod sa mga legal na alituntunin.

judiciary
judiciary
[Pangngalan]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

hudikatura, kapangyarihang hudisyal

hudikatura, kapangyarihang hudisyal

Ex: The judiciary is responsible for interpreting the laws and ensuring justice. 

Ang hudikatura ay responsable sa pagpapakahulugan ng mga batas at pagtitiyak ng katarungan.

legislation
legislation
[Pangngalan]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

batas, legislasyon

batas, legislasyon

Ex: The legislation banning single-use plastics will take effect next year. 
legitimate
legitimate
[pang-uri]

allowed, authorized, or recognized by law

lehitimo

lehitimo

Ex: The police confirmed that the business was operating for legitimate purposes. 
legislature
legislature
[Pangngalan]

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

lehislatura, kapulungan ng mga mambabatas

lehislatura, kapulungan ng mga mambabatas

Ex: The governor can reject laws passed by the legislature if they are not in the state's best interest. 

Maaaring tanggihan ng gobernador ang mga batas na ipinasa ng lehislatura kung hindi ito para sa pinakamabuting interes ng estado.

to litigate
to litigate
[Pandiwa]

to initiate legal action against another party or person

magdemanda, maghabla

magdemanda, maghabla

Ex: He chose to litigate rather than settle the matter out of court. 

Pinili niyang magdemanda kaysa ayusin ang usapin sa labas ng korte.

magistrate
magistrate
[Pangngalan]

a judicial official who deals with less serious criminal cases or preliminary legal matters

mahistrado,  hukom

mahistrado, hukom

Ex: The magistrate ordered him to pay a substantial fine. 
memorandum
memorandum
[Pangngalan]

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

memorandum, nota

memorandum, nota

Ex: The team drafted a memorandum to outline the new project guidelines. 
to overturn
to overturn
[Pandiwa]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

pawalang-bisa, baligtarin

pawalang-bisa, baligtarin

Ex: The Supreme Court decided to overturn the lower court's ruling, citing a procedural error. 

Nagpasya ang Korte Suprema na ibaligtad ang pasya ng mas mababang hukuman, na binanggit ang isang procedural error.

to pardon
to pardon
[Pandiwa]

to officially forgive someone for a crime and cancel or reduce the legal punishment

Ex: The governor pardoned the prisoner after reviewing the case. 
parole
parole
[Pangngalan]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

parole

parole

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 

Matapos maglingkod ng kalahati ng kanyang sentensya sa bilangguan, ang bilanggo ay karapat-dapat sa parole, na sakop ng ilang mga kondisyon at pangangasiwa.

plaintiff
plaintiff
[Pangngalan]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

nagreklamo, demandante

nagreklamo, demandante

Ex: During the trial, the plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant's actions. 
to plead
to plead
[Pandiwa]

to officially state in court whether one is guilty or not guilty of a criminal charge

magpahayag,  umamin

magpahayag, umamin

Ex: Daniel pleaded not guilty to the charge. 
proceedings
proceedings
[Pangngalan]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

proseso,  paglilitis

proseso, paglilitis

Ex: The lawyer reviewed the court proceedings carefully before the trial. 

Muling sinuri ng abogado ang mga proseso ng korte nang maigi bago ang paglilitis.

provision
provision
[Pangngalan]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

probisyon,  kondisyon

probisyon, kondisyon

Ex: The will had a provision specifying how the estate should be divided among the heirs. 
prosecution
prosecution
[Pangngalan]

the legal process of officially accusing someone of a crime and trying to prove their guilt in court

Ex: The driver could face prosecution for leaving the scene of the accident. 
waiver
waiver
[Pangngalan]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

pag-ayaw, waiver

pag-ayaw, waiver

Ex: He signed a waiver to participate in the extreme sports event. 

Pumirma siya ng waiver para makalahok sa extreme sports event.

to void
to void
[Pandiwa]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

pawalang-bisa, kanselahin

pawalang-bisa, kanselahin

Ex: The court voided the contract due to a breach of terms by the seller. 

Binasag ng korte ang kontrata dahil sa paglabag sa mga tadhana ng nagbebenta.

testimony
testimony
[Pangngalan]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

patotoo, pahayag

patotoo, pahayag

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
statute
statute
[Pangngalan]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

batas

batas

Ex: The new statute limits the use of personal data. 
to testify
to testify
[Pandiwa]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

sumaksi, magpatotoo

sumaksi, magpatotoo

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 

Ang mga saksi ay tinatawag upang magpatotoo tungkol sa kanilang nakita sa aksidente.

to abide by
to abide by
[Pandiwa]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

Ex: The employees must abide by the supervisor's instructions at the construction site. 

Ang mga empleyado ay dapat sumunod sa mga tagubilin ng superbisor sa construction site.

to remand
to remand
[Pandiwa]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

ibalik, ipadala ulit

ibalik, ipadala ulit

Ex: The appellate court remanded the case to the lower court for further proceedings. 

Ipinadala ng hukuman ng apela ang kaso sa mas mababang hukuman para sa karagdagang mga proseso.

to uphold
to uphold
[Pandiwa]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

kumpirmahin, panatilihin

kumpirmahin, panatilihin

Ex: The Supreme Court decided to uphold the lower court's ruling, affirming the original verdict. 

Nagpasya ang Korte Suprema na panatilihin ang pasya ng mas mababang korte, na nagpapatunay sa orihinal na hatol.

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