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Απαραίτητο Λεξιλόγιο για το GRE - Πάρε το νόμο στα χέρια σου!

Εδώ θα μάθετε μερικές αγγλικές λέξεις σχετικές με το δίκαιο, όπως "χειροπέδες", "παραβιάζω", "ενάγω" κ.λπ., που απαιτούνται για τις εξετάσεις GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
affidavit
affidavit
[ουσιαστικό]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

ένορκη δήλωση, αφιδαβίτ

ένορκη δήλωση, αφιδαβίτ

Ex: She signed an affidavit, swearing under oath to tell the truth in her statement to the court. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[ρήμα]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

αθωώνω, κηρύσσω αθώο

αθωώνω, κηρύσσω αθώο

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
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annulment
annulment
[ουσιαστικό]

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

ακύρωση, ακυρότητα

ακύρωση, ακυρότητα

Ex: The annulment of the official document was required to correct the administrative error. 
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binding
binding
[επίθετο]

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

δεσμευτικός

δεσμευτικός

Ex: Signing the lease makes it a binding contract, so you're committed to paying rent for the agreed-upon period. 
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conveyance
conveyance
[ουσιαστικό]

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

πράξη μεταβίβασης, έγγραφο μεταβίβασης ιδιοκτησίας

πράξη μεταβίβασης, έγγραφο μεταβίβασης ιδιοκτησίας

Ex: Her lawyer prepared a conveyance to finalize the transfer of the estate. 
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to countersign
to countersign
[ρήμα]

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

συμπληρώνω υπογραφή, υπογράφω ως δεύτερος υπογράφων

συμπληρώνω υπογραφή, υπογράφω ως δεύτερος υπογράφων

Ex: The manager asked her assistant to countersign the contract for final approval. 
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to cuff
to cuff
[ρήμα]

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

περιβάλλω σε χειροπέδες, βάζω χειροπέδες

περιβάλλω σε χειροπέδες, βάζω χειροπέδες

Ex: The police officer decided to cuff the suspect to ensure safety during the arrest. 
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debenture
debenture
[ουσιαστικό]

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

ομόλογο, χρεωστική επιταγή

ομόλογο, χρεωστική επιταγή

Ex: The company issued a debenture to raise funds for its expansion project 
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decree
decree
[ουσιαστικό]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

διάταγμα, ψήφισμα

διάταγμα, ψήφισμα

Ex: The king issued a decree establishing a new tax law. 
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to draw up
to draw up
[ρήμα]

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

συντάσσω, ετοιμάζω

συντάσσω, ετοιμάζω

Ex: The lawyer was hired to draw up a contract outlining the terms of the business partnership. 
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to enforce
to enforce
[ρήμα]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

επιβάλλω, εξασφαλίζω την τήρηση

επιβάλλω, εξασφαλίζω την τήρηση

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
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impeachment
impeachment
[ουσιαστικό]

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

καθαίρεση, διαδικασία καθαίρεσης

καθαίρεση, διαδικασία καθαίρεσης

Ex: He faced impeachment over allegations of misconduct while in office. 
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indictment
indictment
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal accusation of a crime

κατηγορία, κυρώσεις

κατηγορία, κυρώσεις

Ex: The indictment revealed a complex web of illegal activities involving drug trafficking and money laundering. 
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to infringe
to infringe
[ρήμα]

to violate someone's rights or property

παραβιάζω, παρανομώ

παραβιάζω, παρανομώ

Ex: The company was warned about potential legal consequences if it continued to infringe environmental regulations. 
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tribunal
tribunal
[ουσιαστικό]

a group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court

δικαστήριο, σώμα ενόρκων

δικαστήριο, σώμα ενόρκων

Ex: He awaited the tribunal’s verdict on his appeal. 
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inquest
inquest
[ουσιαστικό]

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

έρευνα, δικαστική έρευνα

έρευνα, δικαστική έρευνα

Ex: The inquest revealed that the death was caused by a drug overdose. 
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intestacy
intestacy
[ουσιαστικό]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

θάνατος χωρίς διαθήκη, αδιαθεσία

θάνατος χωρίς διαθήκη, αδιαθεσία

Ex: In the absence of a will, the deceased's estate will be subject to intestacy, and the distribution will follow legal guidelines. 
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judiciary
judiciary
[ουσιαστικό]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

δικαστική εξουσία, δικαστικό σώμα

δικαστική εξουσία, δικαστικό σώμα

Ex: The judiciary is responsible for interpreting the laws and ensuring justice. 
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legislation
legislation
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

νομοθεσία, νόμος

νομοθεσία, νόμος

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
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legitimate
legitimate
[επίθετο]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

νόμιμος, εξουσιοδοτημένος

νόμιμος, εξουσιοδοτημένος

Ex: The company's operations were deemed legitimate after passing all regulatory inspections. 
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legislature
legislature
[ουσιαστικό]

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

νομοθετικό σώμα, νομοθετική συνέλευση

νομοθετικό σώμα, νομοθετική συνέλευση

Ex: The legislature passed new laws to protect the environment. 
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to litigate
to litigate
[ρήμα]

to initiate legal action against another party or person

εκδικηθεί με δικαστικά μέσα, καταφεύγω στη δικαιοσύνη

εκδικηθεί με δικαστικά μέσα, καταφεύγω στη δικαιοσύνη

Ex: The company decided to litigate after the breach of contract. 
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magistrate
magistrate
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

δικαστής, μαγιστράτος

δικαστής, μαγιστράτος

Ex: The magistrate presided over the small claims court, resolving disputes between individuals. 
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memorandum
memorandum
[ουσιαστικό]

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

υπόμνημα, σημείωμα

υπόμνημα, σημείωμα

Ex: The team drafted a memorandum to outline the new project guidelines. 
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to overturn
to overturn
[ρήμα]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

αναιρώ, ακυρώνω

αναιρώ, ακυρώνω

Ex: The Supreme Court decided to overturn the lower court's ruling, citing a procedural error. 
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to pardon
to pardon
[ρήμα]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

συγχωρώ, χαρίζω

συγχωρώ, χαρίζω

Ex: The governor decided to pardon the prisoner after reviewing his case. 
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parole
parole
[ουσιαστικό]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

εκτίμηση ποινής

εκτίμηση ποινής

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 
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plaintiff
plaintiff
[ουσιαστικό]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

ενάγων, κατήγορος

ενάγων, κατήγορος

Ex: The plaintiff presented compelling evidence to support their case. 
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to plead
to plead
[ρήμα]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

εκθέτω

εκθέτω

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of robbery and assault. 
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proceedings
proceedings
[ουσιαστικό]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

διαδικασίες,  πρακτικά

διαδικασίες, πρακτικά

Ex: The lawyer reviewed the court proceedings carefully before the trial. 
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provision
provision
[ουσιαστικό]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

διάταξη,  ρήτρα

διάταξη, ρήτρα

Ex: The contract includes a provision for early termination with a penalty. 
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prosecution
prosecution
[ουσιαστικό]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

δίωξη, κατηγορία

δίωξη, κατηγορία

Ex: The lengthy prosecution involved several months of court hearings. 
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waiver
waiver
[ουσιαστικό]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

απαλλαγή, αποποίηση

απαλλαγή, αποποίηση

Ex: He signed a waiver to participate in the extreme sports event. 
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to void
to void
[ρήμα]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

ακυρώνω, αναιρώ

ακυρώνω, αναιρώ

Ex: The court voided the contract due to a breach of terms by the seller. 
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testimony
testimony
[ουσιαστικό]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

μαρτυρία, κατάθεση

μαρτυρία, κατάθεση

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
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statute
statute
[ουσιαστικό]

an officially written and established law

νόμος, καταστατικό

νόμος, καταστατικό

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
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to testify
to testify
[ρήμα]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

καταθέτω, μαρτυρώ

καταθέτω, μαρτυρώ

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
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to abide by
to abide by
[ρήμα]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

τηρώ, υπακούω

τηρώ, υπακούω

Ex: The employees must abide by the supervisor's instructions at the construction site. 
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to remand
to remand
[ρήμα]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

αποστέλλω πίσω, επιστρέφω

αποστέλλω πίσω, επιστρέφω

Ex: The appellate court remanded the case to the lower court for further proceedings. 
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to uphold
to uphold
[ρήμα]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

επιβεβαιώνω, διατηρώ

επιβεβαιώνω, διατηρώ

Ex: The Supreme Court decided to uphold the lower court's ruling, affirming the original verdict. 
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