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Необходимый Словарный Запас для GRE - Закон

Здесь вы выучите некоторые английские слова о праве, такие как "наручники", "нарушать", "судиться" и т.д., которые необходимы для экзамена GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
affidavit
affidavit
[существительное]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

письменное свидетельство

письменное свидетельство

Ex: She signed an affidavit, swearing under oath to tell the truth in her statement to the court. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[глагол]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

оправдывать

оправдывать

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
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annulment
annulment
[существительное]

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

аннулирование

аннулирование

Ex: The annulment of the official document was required to correct the administrative error. 
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binding
binding
[прилагательное]

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

обязывающий

обязывающий

Ex: Signing the lease makes it a binding contract, so you're committed to paying rent for the agreed-upon period. 
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conveyance
conveyance
[существительное]

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

перевозка

перевозка

Ex: Her lawyer prepared a conveyance to finalize the transfer of the estate. 
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to countersign
to countersign
[глагол]

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

подпись

подпись

Ex: The manager asked her assistant to countersign the contract for final approval. 
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to cuff
to cuff
[глагол]

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

надевать наручники

надевать наручники

Ex: The police officer decided to cuff the suspect to ensure safety during the arrest. 
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debenture
debenture
[существительное]

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

долговое обязательство

долговое обязательство

Ex: The company issued a debenture to raise funds for its expansion project 
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decree
decree
[существительное]

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

декрет

декрет

Ex: The king issued a decree establishing a new tax law. 
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to draw up
to draw up
[глагол]

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

составлять, подготавливать

составлять, подготавливать

Ex: The lawyer was hired to draw up a contract outlining the terms of the business partnership. 
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to enforce
to enforce
[глагол]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

обеспечивать исполнение

обеспечивать исполнение

Ex: The police are tasked with enforcing the laws to maintain public order. 
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impeachment
impeachment
[существительное]

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

импичмент

импичмент

Ex: He faced impeachment over allegations of misconduct while in office. 
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indictment
indictment
[существительное]

a formal accusation of a crime

обвинительный акт

обвинительный акт

Ex: The indictment revealed a complex web of illegal activities involving drug trafficking and money laundering. 
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to infringe
to infringe
[глагол]

to violate someone's rights or property

преступать, нарушать

преступать, нарушать

Ex: The company was warned about potential legal consequences if it continued to infringe environmental regulations. 
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tribunal
tribunal
[существительное]

a group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court

трибунал

трибунал

Ex: He awaited the tribunal’s verdict on his appeal. 
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inquest
inquest
[существительное]

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

расследование

расследование

Ex: The inquest revealed that the death was caused by a drug overdose. 
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intestacy
intestacy
[существительное]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

отсутствие завещания

отсутствие завещания

Ex: In the absence of a will, the deceased's estate will be subject to intestacy, and the distribution will follow legal guidelines. 
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judiciary
judiciary
[существительное]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

судебные органы

судебные органы

Ex: The judiciary is responsible for interpreting the laws and ensuring justice. 
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legislation
legislation
[существительное]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

законодательство

законодательство

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
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legitimate
legitimate
[прилагательное]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

законный

законный

Ex: The company's operations were deemed legitimate after passing all regulatory inspections. 
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legislature
legislature
[существительное]

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

законодательная власть

законодательная власть

Ex: The legislature passed new laws to protect the environment. 
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to litigate
to litigate
[глагол]

to initiate legal action against another party or person

судиться

судиться

Ex: The company decided to litigate after the breach of contract. 
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magistrate
magistrate
[существительное]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

магистрат

магистрат

Ex: The magistrate presided over the small claims court, resolving disputes between individuals. 
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memorandum
memorandum
[существительное]

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

меморандум

меморандум

Ex: The team drafted a memorandum to outline the new project guidelines. 
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to overturn
to overturn
[глагол]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

опровергать

опровергать

Ex: The Supreme Court decided to overturn the lower court's ruling, citing a procedural error. 
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to pardon
to pardon
[глагол]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

помиловать

помиловать

Ex: The governor decided to pardon the prisoner after reviewing his case. 
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parole
parole
[существительное]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

досрочное освобождение

досрочное освобождение

Ex: After serving half of his sentence in prison, the inmate was eligible for parole, subject to certain conditions and supervision. 
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plaintiff
plaintiff
[существительное]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

истец

истец

Ex: The plaintiff presented compelling evidence to support their case. 
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to plead
to plead
[глагол]

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

признавать

признавать

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of robbery and assault. 
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proceedings
proceedings
[существительное]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

судебное разбирательство

судебное разбирательство

Ex: The lawyer reviewed the court proceedings carefully before the trial. 
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provision
provision
[существительное]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

предоставление

предоставление

Ex: The contract includes a provision for early termination with a penalty. 
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prosecution
prosecution
[существительное]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

судебное преследование

судебное преследование

Ex: The lengthy prosecution involved several months of court hearings. 
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waiver
waiver
[существительное]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

отказ от права

отказ от права

Ex: He signed a waiver to participate in the extreme sports event. 
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to void
to void
[глагол]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

делать недействительным

делать недействительным

Ex: The court voided the contract due to a breach of terms by the seller. 
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testimony
testimony
[существительное]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

свидетельство

свидетельство

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
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statute
statute
[существительное]

an officially written and established law

законодательный акт

законодательный акт

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
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to testify
to testify
[глагол]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

свидетельствовать

свидетельствовать

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
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to abide by
to abide by
[глагол]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

соблюдать, Подчиняться

соблюдать, Подчиняться

Ex: The employees must abide by the supervisor's instructions at the construction site. 
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to remand
to remand
[глагол]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

возвращать

возвращать

Ex: The appellate court remanded the case to the lower court for further proceedings. 
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to uphold
to uphold
[глагол]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

поддерживать

поддерживать

Ex: The Supreme Court decided to uphold the lower court's ruling, affirming the original verdict. 
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