Podstawowe Słownictwo do GRE - Weź prawo w swoje ręce!

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

oświadczenie, affidavit

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

uniewinnić

a legal process of declaring a marriage or any type of official contract null and void as if it had never existed

unieważnienie, nieważność

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

wiążący, obowiązkowy

a legal document that transfers a right or property from one person to another

akt przeniesienia, umowa przeniesienia

to add a second signature to a document or agreement to verify its authenticity; serving as a form of validation of the primary signature

kontrasygnować, dodać drugi podpis

to restrain someone by securing their wrists together, often using a device, commonly done by law enforcement during an arrest or to maintain control

skuwać, zatrzymywać

a financial pact with details about interest rates and when the borrowed money will be paid back, not tied to any specific belongings

dłużny papierek wartościowy, obligacja

an official authoritative decision or judgment, especially one made by a government or the ruler of a country

dekret, zarządzenie

to create a plan, document, or written agreement, often in a formal or official context

sporządzić, przygotować

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

wdrażać, egzekwować

the process of a governmental figure bringing charges against a government official and marking the first step toward potential removal from office

impeachment, postępowanie w sprawie impeachmentu

a formal accusation of a crime

akt oskarżenia, oskarżenie

to violate someone's rights or property

naruszać, łamać

a group of certified people who are chosen to examine legal problems at the court

trybunał, sąd

an official investigation that is held in front of a jury; especially in cases associated with death by unnatural causes

śledztwo, postępowanie sądowe

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

ciągłość spadkowa, brak testamentu

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

władza sądownicza, sąd

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

legislacja, ustawa

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

legitymny, zgodny z prawem

a group of elected officials responsible for making and changing laws in a government or state

władza ustawodawcza

to initiate legal action against another party or person

podać pozew, procesować

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

sędzia, sędzia pokoju

a document outlining the terms of understanding or agreement between parties, often used in legal or business contexts

memorandum, notka

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

unieważnić, uchylić

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

ułaskawić, wybaczyć

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

zwolnienie warunkowe, wolność warunkowa

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

powód, wnioskodawca

to state in a court of law, in front of the judge and the jury, whether someone is guilty or not guilty of a crime

wnioskować, bronić

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

postępowania, procedury

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

postanowienie, klauzula

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

oskarżenie, prokuratura

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

zrzeczenie się, zwolnienie

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

unieważnić, unieważniać

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

zeznanie, świadectwo

an officially written and established law

ustawa, status

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

świadczyć, zeznawać

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

przestrzegać, stosować się do

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

przekazać, przesłać z powrotem

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

potwierdzić, zachować