pattern

Humanités SAT - Loi et obligations

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés au droit et aux obligations, tels que « affidavit », « crime », « judicial », etc. dont vous aurez besoin pour réussir vos SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities

the formal process or legal action taken within a court to resolve a dispute, administer justice, etc.

procédure, instance

procédure, instance

Ex: The proceeding addressed complaints regarding environmental violations by the company .

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

disposition, clause

disposition, clause

Ex: The will had provision specifying how the estate should be divided among the heirs .

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit

affidavit

Ex: Falsifying information in affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

témoignage, déposition

témoignage, déposition

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of testimony.

a statement declaring someone's guiltiness with certainty

accusation

accusation

ruling
[nom]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

décision

décision

Ex: The school boardruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students .
felony
[nom]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

crime, forfait

crime, forfait

Ex: His criminal record showed felonies, making it difficult for him to find employment after his release from prison .
parole
[nom]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

liberté conditionnelle

liberté conditionnelle

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.
penalty
[nom]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

pénalité

pénalité

Ex: He was given penalty for breaking the terms of his contract .
libel
[nom]

a written statement in a legal case, outlining the harmful statements made against someone and what they seek from the court

sépulture, déclaration écrite

sépulture, déclaration écrite

Ex: The plaintifflibel detailed how the defamatory statements had harmed their reputation in the community .

a response in court, stating an opposing demand

contre-demande

contre-demande

trustee
[nom]

a person or group of people who control the property or money that belongs to another person

fidéicommissaire, curateur, fiduciaire

fidéicommissaire, curateur, fiduciaire

Ex: trustee made investments on behalf of the trust to grow its assets over time .

a person who commits a crime

délinquant, délinquante

délinquant, délinquante

Ex: Community service can be a constructive way offenders to make amends for their actions and contribute positively to society .
verdict
[nom]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

verdict

verdict

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

acquittement

acquittement

Ex: Following acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life .

a prison or correctional facility where individuals convicted of serious crimes are confined and undergo rehabilitation

pénitentiaire, établissement pénitentiaire

pénitentiaire, établissement pénitentiaire

Ex: penitentiary is located on the outskirts of the city , surrounded by high walls and guard towers .

an institution designed to reform or rehabilitate young offenders rather than simply punish them

rééducation, réformatoire

rééducation, réformatoire

Ex: Graduates of reformatory often speak about how the experience helped them turn their lives around .
statutory
[Adjectif]

according to or allowed by law

statutaire

statutaire

Ex: Tax deductions are subject statutory limits set forth in the Internal Revenue Code .
judicial
[Adjectif]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

judiciaire

judiciaire

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before judicial authorities .
indeterminate
[Adjectif]

(of a judicial sentence) establishing a range of time within which the offender will serve their sentence, with the possibility of early release

peine indéterminée, sentence indéterminée

peine indéterminée, sentence indéterminée

Ex: indeterminate sentence allows for the possibility of early release , contingent upon the offender 's behavior .
to indict
[verbe]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

inculper

inculper

Ex: The investigators are indicting the suspect for money laundering .
to banish
[verbe]

to force someone to leave a country, often as a form of punishment or to keep them away

bannir, exiler

bannir, exiler

Ex: The criminal banished from the country as part of the punishment for their crimes .
to exile
[verbe]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

exiler

exiler

Ex: The journalist exiled for exposing government corruption .
to outlaw
[verbe]

to officially state that something is illegal

interdire, proscrire

interdire, proscrire

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .

to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

autoriser

autoriser

Ex: Banks often require customers authorize certain transactions through a signature or other verification methods .
to enact
[verbe]

to approve a proposed law

décréter

décréter

Ex: The government is enacting emergency measures in response to the crisis .
to convict
[verbe]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

reconnaître coupable

reconnaître coupable

Ex: Over the years , the legal system has convicted high-profile figures for various offenses .
to execute
[verbe]

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

exécuter

exécuter

Ex: International human rights organizations often condemn governments execute individuals without fair trials or proper legal representation .

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

intenter une action

intenter une action

Ex: He hired an expert to prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

arbitrer, trancher,	jouer le rôle d'arbitre

arbitrer, trancher, jouer le rôle d'arbitre

Ex: The parents asked their older child arbitrate the argument between their younger siblings .

a legally binding contract between parties, typically individuals or businesses, that outlines confidential information that the parties agree not to disclose to others

accord de non-divulgation, contrat de confidentialité

accord de non-divulgation, contrat de confidentialité

Ex: Before entering into negotiations , both parties agreed to sign non-disclosure agreement.

the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent

confidentialité, secret professionnel

confidentialité, secret professionnel

Ex: The therapist assured the client of confidentiality during counseling sessions to foster trust .

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

obligation, contrainte

obligation, contrainte

Ex: Attending the meeting was not just a suggestion but obligation for all department heads .

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

infraction, violation

infraction, violation

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infraction

infraction

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy infractions of its code of conduct , enforcing strict penalties for violations .
inviolable
[Adjectif]

unable to be broken or dishonored, often due to its importance or protection by law or custom

inviolable, sacré

inviolable, sacré

Ex: In a democratic society , the principles of justice and fairness are inviolable.
to exempt
[verbe]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

exempter

exempter

Ex: The government exempt certain charitable organizations from paying income taxes .
to commit
[verbe]

to state that one is bound to do something specific

se tenir à, s’engager

se tenir à, s’engager

Ex: Before launching the new initiative , the committed to conducting thorough research and gathering stakeholder feedback .
to entrust
[verbe]

to give someone the responsibility of taking care of something important, such as a task, duty, or information

confier, remettre

confier, remettre

Ex: The executive is entrusting the implementation of the strategy to competent departments .
to pledge
[verbe]

to make a binding agreement

s'engager, faire un engagement

s'engager, faire un engagement

Ex: She pledged to honesty by her parents from a young age .
to slander
[verbe]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

calomnier

calomnier

Humanités SAT
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