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人文学科SAT - 法律和义务

在这里,您将学习一些与法律和义务相关的英语单词,例如“affidavit”、“felony”、“judicial”等,您需要这些单词才能在 SAT 考试中取得好成绩。

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SAT Vocabulary for Humanities
proceeding
[名词]

the formal process or legal action taken within a court to resolve a dispute, administer justice, etc.

诉讼程序, 法律程序

诉讼程序, 法律程序

Ex: The proceeding addressed complaints regarding environmental violations by the company .
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provision
[名词]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

条款, 规定

条款, 规定

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affidavit
[名词]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

宣誓书,  affidavit

宣誓书, affidavit

Ex: Falsifying information in affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .
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testimony
[名词]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

证词,  testimony

证词, testimony

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ruling
[名词]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

裁决, 判决

裁决, 判决

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felony
[名词]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

重罪, 重大犯罪

重罪, 重大犯罪

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parole
[名词]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

保释, 假释

保释, 假释

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penalty
[名词]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

罚款, 惩罚

罚款, 惩罚

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libel
[名词]

a written statement in a legal case, outlining the harmful statements made against someone and what they seek from the court

书面诽谤, 诽谤声明

书面诽谤, 诽谤声明

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trustee
[名词]

a person or group of people who control the property or money that belongs to another person

受托人, 托管人

受托人, 托管人

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offender
[名词]

a person who commits a crime

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verdict
[名词]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

裁决, 判决

裁决, 判决

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acquittal
[名词]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

无罪释放, 判决无罪

无罪释放, 判决无罪

Ex: Following acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life .
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penitentiary
[名词]

a prison or correctional facility where individuals convicted of serious crimes are confined and undergo rehabilitation

监狱, 惩教所

监狱, 惩教所

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reformatory
[名词]

an institution designed to reform or rehabilitate young offenders rather than simply punish them

感化院, 教养院

感化院, 教养院

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statutory
[形容词]

according to or allowed by law

法定的, 法律规定的

法定的, 法律规定的

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judicial
[形容词]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法的, 法庭的

司法的, 法庭的

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indeterminate
[形容词]

(of a judicial sentence) establishing a range of time within which the offender will serve their sentence, with the possibility of early release

不确定的, 不定期的

不确定的, 不定期的

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to indict
[动词]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

控告, 起诉

控告, 起诉

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to banish
[动词]

to force someone to leave a country, often as a form of punishment or to keep them away

放逐, 驱逐

放逐, 驱逐

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to exile
[动词]

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

流放, 放逐

流放, 放逐

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to outlaw
[动词]

to officially state that something is illegal

禁止, 取缔

禁止, 取缔

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to authorize
[动词]

to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

授权, 批准

授权, 批准

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to enact
[动词]

to approve a proposed law

制定, 通过

制定, 通过

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to convict
[动词]

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

定罪, 宣判有罪

定罪, 宣判有罪

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to execute
[动词]

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

处决, 执行死刑

处决, 执行死刑

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to prosecute
[动词]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起诉, 控诉

起诉, 控诉

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to arbitrate
[动词]

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

仲裁 (zhòngcái), 调解 (tiáojiě)

仲裁 (zhòngcái), 调解 (tiáojiě)

Ex: The parents asked their older child arbitrate the argument between their younger siblings .
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a legally binding contract between parties, typically individuals or businesses, that outlines confidential information that the parties agree not to disclose to others

保密协议, 不披露协议

保密协议, 不披露协议

Ex: Before entering into negotiations , both parties agreed to sign non-disclosure agreement.
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the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent

机密性, 保密性

机密性, 保密性

Ex: The therapist assured the client of confidentiality during counseling sessions to foster trust .
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obligation
[名词]

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

义务, 责任

义务, 责任

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infraction
[名词]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

违规, 违法行为

违规, 违法行为

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inviolable
[形容词]

unable to be broken or dishonored, often due to its importance or protection by law or custom

不可侵犯的, 神圣不可侵犯的

不可侵犯的, 神圣不可侵犯的

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to exempt
[动词]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

免除, 豁免

免除, 豁免

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to commit
[动词]

to state that one is bound to do something specific

承诺, 致力于

承诺, 致力于

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to entrust
[动词]

to give someone the responsibility of taking care of something important, such as a task, duty, or information

托付, 委托

托付, 委托

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to pledge
[动词]

to make a binding agreement

承诺, 誓言

承诺, 誓言

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