Humanidades SAT - Batas at Obligasyon

the formal process or legal action taken within a court to resolve a dispute, administer justice, etc.

proseso, nagpapahirap

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

probisyon, klausula

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

pahayag na ipinagkakatiwala, affidavit

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

patoto, pagsasaksi

a statement declaring someone's guiltiness with certainty

akusasyon, paghahabla

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

pasya, desisyon

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

seryosong krimen, felony

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

pagsubok na paglaya, kalayaan sa ilalim ng mga kondisyon

a punishment or consequence imposed as a result of violating rules

parusa, sanksyon

a written statement in a legal case, outlining the harmful statements made against someone and what they seek from the court

nagsasakdal sa sulat, sulat ng libel

a response in court, stating an opposing demand

contrademanda, paghahamon

a person or group of people who control the property or money that belongs to another person

tagapangasiwa, katiwala

someone who has done an illegal act

salarin, manghahasik

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

pasya, hatol

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

pagpapawalang-sala

a prison or correctional facility where individuals convicted of serious crimes are confined and undergo rehabilitation

penitensiya, pasilidad ng pagkakakulong

an institution designed to reform or rehabilitate young offenders rather than simply punish them

reformatoryo, sentro ng rehabilitasyon

according to or allowed by law

statutory, legal

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

hukuman, hukom

(of a judicial sentence) establishing a range of time within which the offender will serve their sentence, with the possibility of early release

indeterminate na parusa, hindi tiyak na hatol

to officially accuse a person of a crime

magpahayag ng akusasyon, paratangan

to force someone to leave a country, often as a form of punishment or to keep them away

paalisin, magsawalang-bisa

to force someone to live away from their native country, usually due to political reasons or as a punishment

ipinatapon, mag-exile

to officially state that something is illegal

bawal, ipahayag na ilegal

to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

bigyan ng pahintulot, pahintulutan

to approve a proposed law

ipasa, aprubahan

to announce officially that someone is guilty of a crime in a court of law

hatulan, ideklarang nagkasala

to kill someone, especially as a legal penalty

isagawa, patayin

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

magsampa ng kaso, litigasyon

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

paghuhusga, magtakda

a legally binding contract between parties, typically individuals or businesses, that outlines confidential information that the parties agree not to disclose to others

kasunduan sa hindi pagpapahayag, kontratang hindi paggamit

the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent

kumpidensyalidad, lihim na impormasyon

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

obligasyon, tungkulin

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

pagsuway, pagsalungat

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

paglabag, pagsuway

unable to be broken or dishonored, often due to its importance or protection by law or custom

hindi kayang sirain

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

pagtanggal, pagpapa-exempt

to state that one is bound to do something specific

mag-commit, mangako ng pangako

to give someone the responsibility of taking care of something important, such as a task, duty, or information

ipagkatiwala, manggagawa

to make a binding agreement

mangako, mangako ng kasunduan

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

siraan, paghuhuwad