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Santé et Maladie - Maladies et Problèmes Musculo-squelettiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux maladies et problèmes musculo-squelettiques tels que "myopathie", "scoliose" et "arthrite".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
becker muscular dystrophy

a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to mutations in the dystrophin gene

dystrophie musculaire de Becker, myopathie de Becker

dystrophie musculaire de Becker, myopathie de Becker

Ex: Becker muscular dystrophy affects the muscles over time. 
duchenne's muscular dystrophy

a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness due to dystrophin gene mutations

la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne, la myopathie de Duchenne

la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne, la myopathie de Duchenne

Ex: Duchenne muscular dystrophy primarily affects young boys. 
distal muscular dystrophy

a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness, primarily in the hands and feet

dystrophie musculaire distale, myopathie distale

dystrophie musculaire distale, myopathie distale

Ex: Distal muscular dystrophy weakens muscles in the hands and feet. 
facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

a genetic muscle disorder causing progressive weakness in facial, shoulder, and upper arm muscles, typically starting in adolescence or adulthood

dystrophie musculaire facio-scapulo-humérale, dystrophie musculaire de Landouzy-Dejerine

dystrophie musculaire facio-scapulo-humérale, dystrophie musculaire de Landouzy-Dejerine

limb-girdle muscular dystrophy

a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles, predominantly affecting the shoulder and hip girdles

dystrophie musculaire des ceintures, myopathie des ceintures

dystrophie musculaire des ceintures, myopathie des ceintures

Ex: Researchers are studying potential treatments for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. 
oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the muscles of the eyes and throat

la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée

la dystrophie musculaire oculopharyngée

Ex: People with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy may experience difficulty swallowing. 
myopathy

a disease that affect the muscles, leading to weakness or dysfunction

myopathie, maladie musculaire

myopathie, maladie musculaire

Ex: Diagnosis of myopathy often involves muscle biopsy, blood tests, and imaging studies. 
rhabdomyolysis

muscle tissue breakdown leading to myoglobin release, which can potentially cause kidney damage and other symptoms

rhabdomyolyse, dégradation du tissu musculaire

rhabdomyolyse, dégradation du tissu musculaire

myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, particularly in the voluntary muscles

myasthénie grave

myasthénie grave

Ex: Mary often struggles with drooping eyelids, a common symptom of myasthenia gravis. 
cardiomyopathy

a medical condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened, enlarged, or stiff, leading to impaired heart function

cardiomyopathie

cardiomyopathie

Ex: Restrictive cardiomyopathy involves the stiffening of the heart muscles, impeding normal blood flow. 
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord

SLA

SLA

Ex: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis causes the gradual loss of muscle function. 
sarcopenia

age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to decreased physical performance and increased health risks

sarcopénie, perte musculaire liée à l'âge

sarcopénie, perte musculaire liée à l'âge

polymyositis

a rare inflammatory disease that primarily affects skeletal muscles, causing muscle weakness and inflammation

polymyosite, une maladie inflammatoire rare qui affecte principalement les muscles squelettiques

polymyosite, une maladie inflammatoire rare qui affecte principalement les muscles squelettiques

Ex: Dermatomyositis affects both muscles and skin. 
dermatomyositis

an autoimmune disease causing muscle inflammation and distinctive skin rashes

dermatomyosite, myosite cutanée

dermatomyosite, myosite cutanée

Ex: Dermatomyositis affects both muscles and skin. 
ataxia
ataxia
[nom]

a neurological condition characterized by a lack of coordination, affecting movements, balance, and speech

ataxie

ataxie

Ex: Ataxia makes it challenging to coordinate movements. 
arthritis

a medical condition that causes pain and swelling in the joints

arthrite

arthrite

Ex: She has arthritis in her knees. 
gout
gout
[nom]

a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and severe pain, swelling, and tenderness, typically affecting the joint at the base of the big toe

goutte, arthrite goutteuse

goutte, arthrite goutteuse

Ex: Gout flares up when crystals form in the joints. 
osteoarthritis

a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility

arthrose

arthrose

Ex: Older adults often experience joint pain due to osteoarthritis. 
bursitis

the inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion and reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints

bursite, inflammation des bourses séreuses

bursite, inflammation des bourses séreuses

Ex: Her doctor diagnosed her with shoulder bursitis. 
scoliosis

an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

scoliose, cyphoscoliose

scoliose, cyphoscoliose

Ex: Scoliosis affects the alignment of the spine. 
Paget's disease

a chronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weakened and deformed bones with associated symptoms such as bone pain and fractures

la maladie de Paget, l'ostéite déformante

la maladie de Paget, l'ostéite déformante

rickets
rickets
[nom]

a condition in children in which bones soften and become more susceptible to fractures and irregularities due to deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate

rachitisme

rachitisme

tennis elbow

a condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons on the outer part of the elbow, typically caused by repetitive arm and wrist motion

épicondylite latérale, coude du joueur de tennis

épicondylite latérale, coude du joueur de tennis

Ex: Tennis elbow results from overuse of the forearm muscles. 
myotonic dystrophy

a genetic disorder causing muscle weakness and delayed muscle relaxation

dystrophie myotonique, myotonie dystrophique

dystrophie myotonique, myotonie dystrophique

Ex: Myotonic muscular dystrophy is a sickness that makes muscles weak over time. 
cumulative trauma disorder

a condition caused by repetitive motions or prolonged, repetitive use of certain muscles, tendons, or nerves, leading to pain, inflammation, and functional impairment in affected areas

trouble traumatique cumulatif, trouble musculo-squelettique

trouble traumatique cumulatif, trouble musculo-squelettique

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