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Health and Sickness - Musculoskeletal Diseases and Problems

Here you will learn some English words related to musculoskeletal diseases and problems such as "myopathy", "scoliosis", and "arthritis".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
becker muscular dystrophy

a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle weakness and wasting due to mutations in the dystrophin gene

Ex: Becker muscular dystrophy affects the muscles over time. 
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duchenne's muscular dystrophy

a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness due to dystrophin gene mutations

Ex: Duchenne muscular dystrophy primarily affects young boys. 
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distal muscular dystrophy

a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness, primarily in the hands and feet

Ex: Distal muscular dystrophy weakens muscles in the hands and feet. 
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facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

a genetic muscle disorder causing progressive weakness in facial, shoulder, and upper arm muscles, typically starting in adolescence or adulthood

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limb-girdle muscular dystrophy

a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakening and wasting of the muscles, predominantly affecting the shoulder and hip girdles

Ex: Researchers are studying potential treatments for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. 
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oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy

a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the muscles of the eyes and throat

Ex: People with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy may experience difficulty swallowing. 
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myopathy
myopathy
[noun]

a disease that affect the muscles, leading to weakness or dysfunction

Ex: Diagnosis of myopathy often involves muscle biopsy, blood tests, and imaging studies. 
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rhabdomyolysis

muscle tissue breakdown leading to myoglobin release, which can potentially cause kidney damage and other symptoms

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myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, particularly in the voluntary muscles

Ex: Mary often struggles with drooping eyelids, a common symptom of myasthenia gravis. 
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cardiomyopathy

a medical condition where the heart muscle becomes weakened, enlarged, or stiff, leading to impaired heart function

Ex: Restrictive cardiomyopathy involves the stiffening of the heart muscles, impeding normal blood flow. 
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amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord

Ex: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis causes the gradual loss of muscle function. 
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sarcopenia

age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and function, leading to decreased physical performance and increased health risks

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polymyositis

a rare inflammatory disease that primarily affects skeletal muscles, causing muscle weakness and inflammation

Ex: Dermatomyositis affects both muscles and skin. 
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dermatomyositis

an autoimmune disease causing muscle inflammation and distinctive skin rashes

Ex: Dermatomyositis affects both muscles and skin. 
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ataxia
ataxia
[noun]

a neurological condition characterized by a lack of coordination, affecting movements, balance, and speech

Ex: Ataxia makes it challenging to coordinate movements. 
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arthritis
arthritis
[noun]

a medical condition that causes pain and swelling in the joints

Ex: She has arthritis in her knees. 
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gout
gout
[noun]

a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and severe pain, swelling, and tenderness, typically affecting the joint at the base of the big toe

Ex: Gout flares up when crystals form in the joints. 
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osteoarthritis

a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility

Ex: Older adults often experience joint pain due to osteoarthritis. 
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bursitis
bursitis
[noun]

the inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion and reduce friction between bones, tendons, and muscles near joints

Ex: Her doctor diagnosed her with shoulder bursitis. 
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scoliosis
scoliosis
[noun]

an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine

Ex: Scoliosis affects the alignment of the spine. 
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Paget's disease

a chronic bone disorder causing abnormal bone remodeling, leading to weakened and deformed bones with associated symptoms such as bone pain and fractures

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rickets
rickets
[noun]

a condition in children in which bones soften and become more susceptible to fractures and irregularities due to deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate

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tennis elbow

a condition characterized by inflammation of the tendons on the outer part of the elbow, typically caused by repetitive arm and wrist motion

Ex: Tennis elbow results from overuse of the forearm muscles. 
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myotonic dystrophy

a genetic disorder causing muscle weakness and delayed muscle relaxation

Ex: Myotonic muscular dystrophy is a sickness that makes muscles weak over time. 
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cumulative trauma disorder

a condition caused by repetitive motions or prolonged, repetitive use of certain muscles, tendons, or nerves, leading to pain, inflammation, and functional impairment in affected areas

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